软物质的自组织

软物质的基本特征使得软特在各种互作用竞争，外力和熵驱动下显示出丰富的自组织现象，本文系统地评述了典型软物质系统各种丰富的自组织现象，试图从丰富的自组织现象中寻找共同规律和竞争机理，来揭示和探索自组装／自组织有序微结构形成的物理机制和动力学引起的新生长规律，并讨论如何来控制和设计自组装／自组织有序结构，这对新材料的制备，新结构的实现具有十分重要的科学意义和实际应用价值。     

软物质的自组织

软物质的基本特征使得软物质在各种互作用竞争 ,外力和熵驱动下显示出丰富的自组织现象。本文系统地评述了典型软物质系统各种丰富的自组织现象 ,试图从丰富的自组织现象中寻找共同规律和竞争机理 ,来揭示和探索自组装 /自组织有序微结构形成的物理机制和动力学引起的新生长规律 ,并讨论如何来控制和设计自组装 /自组织有序结构。这对新材料的制备、新结构的实现具有十分重要的科学意义和实际应用价值。     

一些典型的软物质物理中的非平衡自组织现象

在软物质物理中经常有自组织（self-organization）现象发生.这一现象通常在非平衡的过程中产生,并生成非常美丽和有趣的图案与结构.具体例子包括胶体颗粒的扩散限制凝聚（diffusion limited aggregation,DLA）,Hele-Shaw盒中产生的流体分形结构,凝胶的形成（gelation）,生物体自组织聚集,以及颗粒类物质（granular material）运动产生的规则图案等.这些现象在软物质物理研究中产生了很多重要结果.文章以比较浅显的文字介绍这些软物质物理中的非平衡自组织现象.     

软物质物理——物理学的新学科

文章简要综述了目前正迅速兴起的软物质物理研究的发展趋向,就软物质物理的内容、兴起的原因、软物质物理的重要性和面临的基本问题作了一定的分析和说明,并对我国发展软物质物理研究提出若干建议.     

软物质物理——物理学的新学科

文章简要综述了目前正迅速兴起的软物质物理研究的发展趋向,就软物质物理的内容、兴起的原因、软物质物理的重要性和面临的基本问题作了一定的分析和说明,并对我国发展软物质物理研究提出若干建议.     

软物质的物理实验在普通高校教学中的推广

软物质物理学的蓬勃发展已使其成为一个特色学科, 因而有必要在普通高校的物理教学中开设有关 软物质物理方面的课程. 有鉴于此, 近5年来我们尝试在普通物理实验教学中开设了一些具有代表性的软物质物理 实验, 以期将软物质物理学逐渐融入到相应的理论和实验教学中, 拓展学生的视野. 首先对比了国际和国内的软物 质物理实验室的建设情况, 然后介绍了一些与传统物理学结合紧密的典型软物质物理实验. 在此基础上, 阐述了在 普通高校物理实验中引入软物质物理实验的必要性及意义, 旨在使大学生在物理方面的多元化的训练, 从而全面 提升综合素质, 强化软物质物理的研究队伍     

中国科学院物理研究所软物质与生命物质物理重点实验室

软物质与生命物质研究是典型的学科交叉,其内容跨越物理、化学和生物三大学科,是物质科学通向生命科学的桥梁,是21世纪凝聚态物理研究的前沿。为促进交叉学科发展,中科院物理研究所结合已有基础和综合优势,于2001年4月率先在国内成市软物质物理实验室,由王鹏业研究员和陆坤权研究员分别担任实验室主任和学术委员会主任。     

论物理学习的自组织与他组织

物理学习在物理教学中占有重要地位。充分认识物理学习,既可促进学生的学,又可促进教师的教。本文指出物理学习中既存在着他组织也存在着自组织,物理学习的他组织必须建立在正确认识物理学习自组织的基础上,才能真正促进物理学习。     

生物软物质研究的新进展

文章对近年来中科院物理研究所软物质物理实验室生物软物质研究的部分新进展做一简略介绍,包括DNA单分子研究,DNA与组蛋白的相互作用动力学研究,生物分子马达的运动机制研究,解旋酶与DNA的结合以及解旋DNA的动力学研究,朊病毒片段聚集的分子动力学研究,蛋白质折叠动力学的脉冲升温-时间分辨光谱研究,光合细菌外周捕光天线膜蛋白的拓扑结构研究等.     

活力物质的非平衡结构和动力学

活力物质是一类典型的非平衡态体系,已成为软凝聚态物理新近发展的一个重要研究方向.活力物质由微驱动粒子组成,驱动力独立地施加在体系中的每个粒子上.文章概述了作者平时研究中所关注的一些活力物质系统中出现的十分有意义的现象,着重介绍了活力物质系统的构成,以及活力物质的气液态、铁磁态、向列相态和凝胶状态中涌现出的非平衡结构及其特殊的动力学行为.     

软物质物理学及其创始人德热纳

介绍了诺贝尔物理学奖获得者德热纳教授在获博士学位后的50年科学生涯中的学术思想、方法、成就;阐述了他开创软物质物理学的丰功伟绩;从而使我们对软物质物理学研究的内容、现状及意义有所了解与认识.     

活力物质的非平衡结构和动力学

活力物质是一类典型的非平衡态体系,已成为软凝聚态物理新近发展的一个重要研究方向.活力物质由微驱动粒子组成,驱动力独立地施加在体系中的每个粒子上.文章概述了作者平时研究中所关注的一些活力物质系统中出现的十分有意义的现象,着重介绍了活力物质系统的构成,以及活力物质的气液态、铁磁态、向列相态和凝胶状态中涌现出的非平衡结构及其特殊的动力学行为.     

All basic condensed matter physics phenomena and notions mirror in biology — A hypothesis,two examples and a novel prediction

A few billion years of evolutionary time and the complex process of ‘selection’ has given biology an opportunity to explore a variety of condensed matter phenomena and situations, some of which have been discovered by humans in the laboratory, that too only in extreme non-biological conditions such as low temperatures, high purity, high pressure etc., in the last centuries. Biology, at some level, is a complex and self-regulated condensed matter system compared to the ‘inanimate’ condensed matter systems such as liquid ⁴He, liquid water or a piece of graphite. In this article I propose a hypothesis that ‘all basic condensed matter physics phenomena and notions (already known and ones yet to be discovered) mirror in biology’. I explain this hypothesis by considering the idea of ‘Bose condensation’ or ‘momentum space order’ and discuss two known example of quantum magnetism encountered in biology. I also provide some new and rather speculative possibility, from light harvesting in biological photosynthesis, of mesoscopic excition condensation related phenomena at room temperature.     

A model for the pressure dependence of diffusion in condensed matter

In the present paper, a model has been used to develop a simple relation to study the pressure dependence of self-diffusion in solids and liquids that has two adjustable parameters. The computation done in each substance is found to be in very good agreement with the experimental data. It is interesting to note that the present relation is also capable of giving the activation volume in solids and liquids. The activation volume computed in the solids is found to be in very good agreement with the data available.     

Physics going soft: The emergence of soft condensed matter physics

The recent development of intense, ultrashort, table top lasers in the mid-infrared opens new avenues for research in strong field atomic physics. Electrons submitted to such radiation acquire huge quiver energies, even at moderate intensity and interesting properties arise: first, the wavelength offers a convenient experimental knob to tune the ionisation regime by controlling the Keldysh parameter. Second, many processes like above-threshold ionisation or high harmonic generation, whose characteristics depend directly on this energy, can be pushed to unprecedented limits. Third, the wavelength controls the spectral phase of the harmonics and hence the possibility to improve the generation of pulses in the attosecond regime. Recent studies of rare gas and alkali atoms' photoelectron spectra and harmonic generation at 2 and 3.6 μm have begun to confirm the theoretical predictions. However, unexpected features have also been found showing that strong field interaction still keeps some secrets after more than 40 years of investigation.     

Modern trends in the development of position sensitive neutron detectors for condensed matter research

Different types of neutron scattering experiment for the study of condensed matter properties pose specific and often contradictory requirements for detector characteristics. There is no single type of detector which satisfies all the criteria. Therefore, compromise is inevitable and some of the characteristics are trade off in favour of others. Present report gives an overview of detector systems presently operating at the leading neutron scattering facilities as well as some development work around the globe.      

Photonic dark matter portal and quantum physics

We study a model of dark matter in which the hidden sector interacts with standard model particles via a hidden photonic portal.We investigate the effects of this new interaction on the hydrogen atom,including the Stark,Zeeman and hyperfine effects.Using the accuracy of the measurement of energy,we obtain an upper bound for the coupling constant of the model as f≤10~(-12).We also calculate the contribution from the hidden photonic portal to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon as α_μ≤ 2.2 × 10~(-23)(for the dark particle mass scale 100MeV),which provides an important probe of physics beyond the standard model.