简单线性规划教学设计

“线性规划”是运筹学的一个重要分支 ,它研究实际问题的某个指标最优化问题 .尽管本节“简单线性规划”只是其中最简单的部分 ,但它充分体现了数学的工具性和应用性 ,渗透着数形结合、化归等数学思想方法 ,是数学建模典型范例之一 .因此 ,教学中要充分强调建模过程 ,锻炼建模能力 .1.“线性规划”的教育价值(1)“线性规划”是培养学生“运用数学意识”和“优化思想”的良好题材 ;(2 )“线性规划”为培养学生正确的学习态度和数学学习兴趣创造了条件 ;(3)“线性规划”教学有助于发展学生分析问题的能力和运用数学知识解决实际问题的能力 .2 …     

任务驱动在初中数学教学中的应用

现代教育要求教师在组织数学教学活动的过程中应当培养学生的探究意识和探究兴趣,使学生能够对数学知识充满学习动力.为实现这一目标,教师可以结合初中数学的教学任务、学生的学习需求和学情,通过任务驱动教学促进数学教学活动的有效开展,通过任务引导学生积极接触数学知识,让学生在任务探究期间形成良好的学习体验,从而培养学生的探究精神、质疑精神.本文中从初中数学课堂上任务驱动教学的应用案例出发,针对如何推动任务驱动教学在初中数学中的应用进行了分析.     

谈初中数学反例的教学功能

一、数学反例的功能数学反例贯穿于整个数学学习阶段 ,通过学习数学反例可加深学生对数学概念的理解 :培养学生对数学知识归纳、提炼 ;还养成严密的逻辑思维能力和正确运用数学语言 ,通过学习数学反例可以提高学生作图技能 .教学中恰当地利用反例 ,可以促进学生数学概念的形成、数学内涵的理解 ,使学生全面掌握数学知识 ,解决数学问题 .除此之外 ,学会举反例 ,有助于学生形成批判意识 ,这也是二期课改提出的要求 .显而易见 ,数学反例具有独特的教学功能 ,所以 ,在教学中既要重视解答数学命题的能力 ,又要加强数学反例的教学 .二、数学反例与…     

尝试自主教学享受生成创新--基于“简单的线性规划问题”教学

一、教材分析
　　本节课是继上一节二元一次不等式（组）表示平面区域的后续内容,是“简单的线性规划问题”第1课时,内容主要包括线性规划的意义、线性约束条件、目标函数、可行域、可行解、最优解等概念和一些简单应用。简单线性规划在工程设计、经济管理、科学研究等方面的应用非常广泛。通过本节课的学习,使学生进一步了解数学在实际问题中的应用,以培养学生应用数学的意识和解决实际问题的能力。笔者制订了本节课的教学目标,由实际问题引入来探讨学生自主探究的主要思路。     

基于项目化学习的数学教学设计——以“数字与信息”的教学为例

小学数学项目化学习旨在通过学生在真实的问题情境中经历问题解决的过程,形成和发展学生的数学核心素养.本文以“数字与信息”教学为例,提出基于项目化学习的小学数学教学设计要注重问题驱动、学科融合、合作分享等策略,在问题解决中不断积累关键能力和提升思维品质.     

概率论与数理统计研究型教学的案例分析

通过娃哈哈赠券收集的案例分析提出了概率论与数理统计习题课研究型教学的概念和方法,展示了概率论与数理统计在社会生活领域的一些生动应用.通过以案例驱动开展研究型教学实现了习题课课堂教学的趣味性,体现了知识的实用性,激发了学生们的学习兴趣和协作探究意识,进一步将自主学习和协作探究相结合提升了课堂的教学效果,培养了学生的数学思维习惯.     

“问题串”为数学应用题教学“导航”

一、问题的提出 《普通高中数学课程标准》(实验)提出:“高中数学课程应提供基本内容的实际背景,反映数学的应用价值,开展‘数学建模’的学习活动,设立体现数学某些重要应用的专题课程.高中数学课程应力求使学生体验数学在解决实际问题中的作用、数学与日常生活及其他学科的联系,促进学生逐步形成和发展数学应用意识,培养创新意识,提高实践能力.”通过应用题的教学,使学生能够用所学的数学知识解决一些实际问题,从而增强学生的应用意识.而且,通过应用题的解答,可以更好地发展学生的逻辑思维能力,培养学生良好的思维品质.所以,应用题在数学中的教学地位不言而喻.     

注重数学概念教学 发展问题解决能力

数学概念是中学数学教学中至关重要的内容,是基础知识和基本技能的核心.正确理解概念是学好数学的基础.数学的问题解决是学好数学的具体体现,是学生有兴趣学习数学的动力源泉.在平常的教学中,可以通过解题训练,提高学生问题解决的能力.当下普遍的是重解题训练,轻概念教学.这样虽可短期内提高学生平时数学成绩,但其淡化了对知识本质的理解,不利于可持续发展.笔者结合自身的教学实践,以"离散型随机变量的分布列"为课例(下文简称为"课例"),分析如何通过概念教学提高学生数学问题     

数学问题驱动学生深度学习的教学探索--以“二次函数”教学为例

“好问题”是促进深度学习的必要条件,有助于激发学生的学习兴趣,培养自主学习意识.有效的问题驱动,能促进学生数学思维的发展,提升学生的数学核心素养.本文以“二次函数”教学为例,阐述了数学问题驱动学生深度学习的教学启示:创设问题情境,促进学生深度思考;设置问题驱动,促进学生深度合作;设置问题拓展,促进学生深度探究;开展课后评价,促进学生深度反思.     

创设有利于学生学习数学的教学情境——对《利用函数思想解决数学问题》教学的几点认识

高中数学课程标准中提出:在数学教学中,应注重发展学生的应用意识;通过丰富的实例引入数学知识,引导学生应用数学知识解决实际问题,经历探索、解决问题的过程,体会数学的应用价值.帮助学生认识到:数学与我有关,与实际生活有关,数学是有用的,我要用数学,我能用数学.要使这一理念真正的落实在高中数学教学中,教师就需要从学生的现实起点出发,创设有效学习情境,引导学生主动学习,深入思考.     

Computerunterstütztes Lösen offener raumgeometrischer Aufgaben

Considering the fact that solid geometry has been a neglected subject in mathematics teaching at lower and middle secondary level, there has been almost no chance to develop a “culture” of open, solid geometry problem solving. Suitable software tools for spatial representations, construction and calculation tasks can support the students in developing and solving open problems in solid geometry designed in line with the content of the conventional geometry curriculum. The article presents problems of this kind and explains the computer-aided problem solving processes. Furthermore, initial results of evaluations of practical lessons including computerized treatment of selected open problems are reported. Finally, the general significance is discussed of introducing the computer as a tool in spatial geometry teaching as well as the basic problems involved in an evaluation of computer-assisted teaching in this context, and further development of computer-aided, open problem solving in spatial geometry.     

Reconstructing basic ideas in geometry—an empirical approach

“Basic ideas” (or “fundamental ideas” etc.) have been discussed in mathematical curriculum theory for about forty years. This paper will centre on the hypothesis that this concept can only be applied successfully by using it as a category for the analysis of concrete mathematical problems. This hypothesis will be illustrated by means of a sample problem from the Austrian Standards for Mathematics Education (“Bildungsstandards”). In this example, basic ideas are used in a content matter analysis which takes students' solutions to the problem as a starting point for the creation of a potentially substantial learning environment in trigonometry.     

哲学视域下的高等数学“课程思政”

数学作为一门学校教育中历时较长的课程,在培养逻辑思维、规则意识、意志品格等科学素质方面发挥着积极的作用,是其他课程所无法比拟的.多年来,我国的数学教学常常忽视教学体系中蕴藏的丰富的哲学思想,哲学元素没有获得足够的挖掘和应有的重视.在“课程思政”理念的引领下,注重哲学视域下的高等数学“课程思政”教学,对于大学的数学教育工作者为国家培养优秀人才,意义深远.     

基于算法的《任意项级数审敛法》教学与反思

基于算法的《任意项级数审敛法》教学设计与实践顺应新课程改革趋势,符合教育学、心理学规律,培养了学生解决问题的意识和能力,值得推广.     

Teacher preparation for a problem-solving curriculum in Singapore

Problem solving is at the heart of the Singapore Mathematics curriculum. However, it remains a challenge for teachers to realise this curricular goal in practice. Here, we review the efforts of Singapore mathematics teacher educators in incorporating problem-solving (teaching) competency in teacher education and PD programmes. We discuss conceptual and practical issues, actions taken and changes made in building teachers?? capacity to enact a problem-solving curriculum in a school-based design experiment project. In the project, teachers learnt problem solving, observed and then carried out lessons, using the ??Mathematics Practical????akin to the science practical??as key to instruction and assessment.     

Dual subgradient algorithms for large-scale nonsmooth learning problems

“Classical” First Order (FO) algorithms of convex optimization, such as Mirror Descent algorithm or Nesterov’s optimal algorithm of smooth convex optimization, are well known to have optimal (theoretical) complexity estimates which do not depend on the problem dimension. However, to attain the optimality, the domain of the problem should admit a “good proximal setup”. The latter essentially means that (1) the problem domain should satisfy certain geometric conditions of “favorable geometry”, and (2) the practical use of these methods is conditioned by our ability to compute at a moderate cost proximal transformation at each iteration. More often than not these two conditions are satisfied in optimization problems arising in computational learning, what explains why proximal type FO methods recently became methods of choice when solving various learning problems. Yet, they meet their limits in several important problems such as multi-task learning with large number of tasks, where the problem domain does not exhibit favorable geometry, and learning and matrix completion problems with nuclear norm constraint, when the numerical cost of computing proximal transformation becomes prohibitive in large-scale problems. We propose a novel approach to solving nonsmooth optimization problems arising in learning applications where Fenchel-type representation of the objective function is available. The approach is based on applying FO algorithms to the dual problem and using the accuracy certificates supplied by the method to recover the primal solution. While suboptimal in terms of accuracy guaranties, the proposed approach does not rely upon “good proximal setup” for the primal problem but requires the problem domain to admit a Linear Optimization oracle—the ability to efficiently maximize a linear form on the domain of the primal problem.     

浅析图论教学

图论是《离散数学》课程的重要组成部分,也是数学专业高年级的选修课程.本文介绍了从事图论教学和研究的一些心得,探讨了如何在该课程的教学过程中激发学生的学习兴趣和培养学生的发现问题及解决问题能力,从而为学生今后作毕业论文或者进一步从事科学研究打下基础.     

Appropriate problems for learning and for performing—an issue for teacher training

Selecting, modifying or creating appropriate problems for mathematics class has become an activity of increaing importance in the professional development of German mathematics teachers. But rather than asking in general: “What is a good problem?” there should be a stronger emphasis on considering the specific goal of a problem, e.g.: “What are the ingredients that make a problem appropriate for initiating a learning process” or “What are the characteristics that make a problem appropriate for its use in a central test?” We propose a guiding scheme for teachers that turns out to be especially helpful, since the newly introduced orientation on outcome standards a) leads to a critical predominance of test items and b) expects teachers to design adequate problems for specific learning processes (e.g. problem solving, reasoning and modelling activities).     

Curriculum Materials Supporting Problem-Based Teaching

The vision for school mathematics described by the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) suggests a need for new approaches to the teaching and learning of mathematics, as well as new curriculum materials to support such change. This article discusses implications of the NCTM standards for mathematics curriculum and instruction and provides three examples of lessons from problem-based curricula for various grade levels. These examples illustrate how the teaching of important mathematics through student exploration of interesting problems might unfold, and they highlight the differences between a problem-based approach and more traditional approaches. Considerations for teaching through a problem-based approach are raised, as well as reflections on the potential impact on student learning.     

线性代数课堂中的“教”与“学”

结合教学实践经验,从人才培养的角度阐述线性代数课堂教学中的思维培养问题.指出课堂教学中要善于创设和营造和谐民主、积极向上、与学生心理相融的良好的课堂氛围;设置有利于学生参与认知的教学环节,通过采用灵活的教学方式,激发学生思考;尊重学生主体地位,让他们在教学活动中获得最大的情感体验;充分利用直观形象思维,教学中贯穿直观的几何形象,激发学生学习的兴趣,激发他们的求知欲.