舒芬太尼不同浓度对气管插管全麻患者插管反应的抑制效果比较

目的比较舒芬太尼不同靶控浓度对气管插管全麻患者插管反应的抑制效果。方法抽取清远市中医院2014年7月—2015年6月78例气管插管全麻患者,根据舒芬太尼血浆靶控浓度将该78例患者分为低质量浓度组(0.4 ng/m L)和高质量浓度组(0.6 ng/m L),两组各39例。比较两组麻醉诱导前(T1)、气管插管时(T2)、插管后1 min(T3)、插管后3 min(T4)和插管后5 min(T5)的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)指标。结果低质量浓度组患者血压心率较为平稳,各时点MAP、HR相比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);高质量浓度组患者血压心率变化幅度较大,T3、T4时点MAP、HR较T1、T2、T3均明显较低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);低质量浓度组T3、T4时点MAP、HR较高浓度组明显较高,具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论不同浓度舒芬太尼对行气管插管全麻患者的插管反应抑制效果不同,质量浓度维持在0.4 ng/m L具有较好的稳定血压心率作用,有利于达到理想的插管反应抑制效果。     

利用表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)技术快速检测水与尿液中舒芬太尼的研究

该文建立了基于表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)技术检测水和尿液中舒芬太尼的方法。首先制备了银溶胶SERS基底并进行表征。随后通过理论计算和实验对比,对舒芬太尼的拉曼特征峰进行了归属。通过探索最佳实验条件,确定了促凝剂及其浓度。对水和人工尿液中的舒芬太尼进行了SERS检测,检出限分别为0.09μg/mL和1.55μg/mL。水和尿液中舒芬太尼的特征峰(1 004 cm~(-1))强度与舒芬太尼质量浓度在一定范围内呈线性关系,相关系数(r~2)分别为0.979和0.968。水和尿液中舒芬太尼的回收率分别为96.3%～107%和95.8%～106%,相对标准偏差分别为4.2%～4.7%和3.3%～5.2%。该方法具有快速、准确、无损、操作简便等优点,为水和尿液中舒芬太尼的快速检测打下了良好的基础。     

瑞芬太尼在人体中的代谢动力学研究

建立了用液相色谱-串联质谱技术进行瑞芬太尼代谢动力学研究的方法。比较了不同停药时间对瑞芬太尼浓度及代谢产物的影响。瑞芬太尼浓度测定采用串联质谱的选择反应监测技术,以m/z377>345为定量离子对,定量检出限为0.5μg/L。代谢产物的测定采用液质联用技术,同时测定二级质谱。在停药8min后,瑞芬太尼代谢90%。氧化和水解是瑞芬太尼的主要代谢反应,瑞芬太尼在人体中形成4种代谢物。该研究方法简单、快速、灵敏,具有广泛的应用性。     

太赫兹技术在药物化学研究领域中的应用

太赫兹(THz)技术及其应用研究近些年发展迅速,许多研究表明该技术在国防安全、信息通信、材料、环境、化学和生物医学等领域有巨大的应用前景。本文就近年来利用太赫兹光谱和太赫兹成像技术在药物化学领域中的应用研究进行综述。介绍了太赫兹时域光谱技术（THz-TDS）在药物活性成分（Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, APIs）的检测、异构体的区分、药物的多晶型和假多晶型的鉴别以及混合物的定性与定量分析等方面取得的研究成果和进展;阐述了太赫兹成像技术在分析药物的物理化学性质和包衣膜厚度、密度、结构特性,以及监测产品的一致性和完整性方面的应用优势。此外,还介绍了太赫兹技术在药物动力学研究及药物生产过程分析中的创新性应用研究。     

太赫兹时域光谱技术在化学领域中应用的新进展

随着超快激光技术的发展及其人们对太赫兹(THz)电磁波波段及与脉冲光源认识的进一步深入,太赫兹时域光谱(THz-TDS)技术作为一种新的、快速发展的光谱分析方法在许多领域备受关注。尤其在化学领域,THz-TDS技术已得到了广泛的应用,并显示出了广阔的应用前景。本文介绍了THz技术的特点、THz辐射的产生、探测及其信号处理;讨论了该技术在化学及其相关领域中的应用;初步探讨了该技术在化学领域应用中一些亟待解决的问题及今后发展的方向。     

伊马替尼与金匮金肾气丸在人工胃/肠液中的相互作用研究

伊马替尼为TKI制剂,在白血病及多种肿瘤治疗中具有显著疗效,但是男性患者长期服用后可引起生殖毒性.本课题组前期实验表明金匮金肾气丸可以降低雄性小鼠长期服用伊马替尼引起的生殖毒性.为了便于指导临床合理用药,本实验以高效液相色谱-紫外法(HPLC-UV)测定10.00 mg伊马替尼与不同剂量金匮肾气丸联合使用,在人工胃/肠...     

超声刀在甲状腺手术中保护喉返神经及入喉处甲状腺组织的应用效果观察

目的探讨超声刀在甲状腺手术中对于喉返神经及入喉处甲状腺组织的保护作用。方法选取2016年1月至12月间广东省遂溪县人民医院收治的120例甲状腺疾病的患者,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组60例,对照组采用传统电刀手术,观察组采用超声刀进行手术,比较两种手术方式的效果以及对喉返神经及入喉处甲状腺组织的影响。结果相较于传统电刀手术,采用超声刀可明显缩短腺体切除时间和手术总时间,减少术中出血量,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两种手术方式在术后引流量和住院时间方面比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组患者喉返神经损伤以及甲状旁腺功能低下的发生率低于对照组,但是两组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05),所有观察组患者的声音嘶哑现象均于术后3个月内恢复,而对照组有3例于3~6个月恢复,2例1年以上未好转。结论在甲状腺手术最终采用超声刀可明显缩短手术时间,减少术中出血量,利于术中对喉返神经和入喉处甲状腺组织的辨认和保护,是一种安全可行的手术方法。     

银滴电极在示波极谱测定锌精矿中铅的研究与应用

<正>在极谱分析中,常使用的指示电极为滴汞电极,在测定时由于汞滴表面的不断增长,带来了相当于10-5 mol/L的金属离子还原电流的充电电流,导致极谱测定灵敏度难以超过10-5 mol/L,且滴汞电极     

钙与 DBC-偶氮氯膦显色反应的研究及其在高纯氧化钇中钙的测定的应用

在PH8.5-9的液中,钙可与DBC-偶氮氯膦形成一种紫色的稳定配合物。该配合物在625nm处有最大吸收,表观摩尔吸光系数为2.6×10~4L.mol~(-1).cm~(-1),配合物组成为Ca:DBC-偶氮氯膦=1:1。在Zn-DTPA和乙二胺的存在下,较大量的Y~(3+)、Fe~(3+)及Cu~(2+)、Mo(Ⅵ)、Cr~(3+)等三十余种离子不干扰钙的测定。方法的选择性较好,利用本方法,并经简单萃取分离基体后,测定了高纯氧化钇和易切削钢中的微量钙,结果令人满意。标准加入试验回收率好。方法简便实用。     

Recent Advances in Biomaterials-Based Therapies for Alleviation and Regeneration of Traumatic Brain Injury

Traumatic brain injury (TBI), a major public health problem accompanied with numerous complications, usually leads to serve disability and huge financial burden. The adverse and unfavorable pathological environment triggers a series of secondary injuries, resulting in serious loss of nerve function and huge obstacle of endogenous nerve regeneration. With the advances in adaptive tissue regeneration biomaterials, regulation of detrimental microenvironment to reduce the secondary injury and to promote the neurogenesis becomes possible. The adaptive biomaterials could respond and regulate biochemical, cellular, and physiological events in the secondary injury, including excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation, to rebuild circumstances suitable for regeneration. In this review, the development of pathology after TBI is discussed, followed by the introduction of adaptive biomaterials based on various pathological characteristics. The adaptive biomaterials carried with neurotrophic factors and stem cells for TBI treatment are then summarized. Finally, the current drawbacks and future perspective of biomaterials for TBI treatment are suggested.     

Assessment of Oxidative Stress in Patients with an Isolated Traumatic Brain Injury Using Disposable Electrochemical Test Strips

The barriers to using plasma redox potential as a measure of oxidative stress in patients are the use of specialized equipment, necessity of sterilization between tests, and inconsistent electrode surfaces and cell geometry. These problems are resolved using disposable test strips with built in electrochemical cells. Measuring the electrode potential at a small current yields a stable value that is ～50 mV higher for isolated traumatic brain injury (ITBI) patients than for healthy individuals. Even with natural variations within blood chemistry, this simple method may be clinically useful for assessing the degree of oxidative stress and injury severity in ITBI patients.     

Isolation and Characterization of Natural Nanoparticles in Naoluo Xintong Decoction and Their Brain Protection Research

Currently, researchers use modern analytical techniques in a unique perspective of physical pharmacy to analyze the phase composition of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and have discovered that natural nanoparticles commonly exist in decoctions. This study aims to isolate and characterize the structure and composition of nanoparticles in Naoluo Xintong (NLXT) and investigate whether the brain protection effect of NLXT is closely related to NLXT-Nanoparticles (NLXT-NPs). Firstly, the dialysis-centrifugation method was used to separate the nanoparticles and then their size distribution, potential, and morphology were characterized. In addition, infrared spectroscopy and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometer (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) technology were used to analyze the composition of nanoparticles. As for the pharmacodynamic experiment, Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into sham, Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model, NLXT, NLXT with nanoparticles removing (NLXT-RN), NLXT-RN+Nanoparticles (NLXT-RN+NPs), and NLXT-NPs groups. After administration, the neurological function, histopathological changes, oxidative stress, and apoptosis level were measured. Our research showed that NLXT-NPs are mainly composed of polysaccharides, proteins, and saponins, with typical characteristics of two hundred-nanometer size and negatively loaded. NLXT can improve nerve function, reduce oxidative stress, and inhibit cell apoptosis. However, removing nanoparticles can significantly reduce the brain-protective effect of NLXT, which indicates that NLXT-NPs play an essential role in the efficacy of NLXT.     

毛冬青总皂苷对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及血液微量元素影响

目的研究毛冬青总皂苷对脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用,并初步探讨其血液微量元素的影响。方法动物随机分为假手术组、模型组、毛冬青总皂苷(高、中、低)剂量组及阳性药物对照组,运用大鼠大脑中动脉栓塞,制作脑缺血再灌注损伤模型,缺血10 min后,给药组及阳性药物组于舌下静脉给予高、中、低剂量的毛冬青总皂苷及假手术组、模型组给予等体积的溶剂。缺血60 min再灌注24 h后,每组取8只大鼠断头取脑,TTC染色,测定脑梗死体积;取血,测定血液中3种微量元素Ca、Zn、Cu的含量。结果毛冬青总皂苷组与模型组相比,毛冬青总皂苷治疗组脑梗死体积减小,病理变化较轻;模型组与假手术组比较血液中Ca、Cu含量增加明显有统计学意义,Zn含量明显降低与假手术组比较有统计学意义(P0.05),毛冬青高、中、低剂量组与模型组比较Ca、Cu含量明显降低,Zn含量明显升高,而且呈明显的量效关系,与模型组比较有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论毛冬青总皂苷对脑缺血再灌注损伤具有一定的保护作用,其保护机制与毛冬青总皂苷抗氧化作用及增强氧自由基的清除有关。