LaF3纳米片和棒束的选择性合成及表征

室温条件下,以简单的液相法,通过改变氟源NaBF4和K2SiF6,制得不同形貌的LaF3纳米晶(片及棒束).X射线衍射(XRD)结果显示所得的2种不同形貌的产物均为结晶良好的六方相LaF3.场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)结果表明由NaBF4制得大量均匀、厚度约为20 am的六边形纳米片....     

水热模板法合成碲化镍纳米棒

研究了一种简单的碲化镍纳米棒的合成方法．在合成过程中,以碲纳米棒为反应模板,使之与新鲜生成的纳米镍颗粒反应生成碲化镍．利用X射线粉末衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜对产物进行了表征,研究了反应物中Ni和Te的摩尔比及反应温度对产物的影响,讨论了由Te纳米棒向NiTe纳米棒转化的机理．     

Fe_3O_4纳米棒和Fe_2O_3纳米线的热氧化制备与表征

以铁单质和草酸溶液为原料,将0.75mol/L的草酸溶液滴在铁片上,于空气中200~600℃范围内加热1h,制备了Fe3O4纳米棒和Fe2O3纳米线,用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对产物进行表征,并研究了反应温度对产物形貌的影响.结果表明,在200~500℃下空气中反应1h在铁片上直接生长出矩形截面的多晶的立方相Fe3O4纳米棒,其直径范围约为0.5~0.8μm.当反应温度为600℃,得到的产物为六方相的Fe2O3纳米线.研究表明,C2H2O4对纳米棒的形成起关键作用,并提出了可能生长机理.     

葡萄糖辅助合成碲化铅纳米棒及其表征

采用简单的葡萄糖辅助溶剂热合成法制备了碲化铅纳米棒。 利用X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、高分辨率透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、能谱仪(EDS)等技术手段进行材料结构和形貌表征。 结果表明,产物是纯的立方相PbTe,纳米棒的直径约为50 nm,长500 nm左右。 研究了反应过程的影响因素及碲化铅纳米棒的形成机制。 产物的形貌受葡萄糖的量、反应时间、反应温度和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)质量的控制,分析了形成这种结构的原因。     

高质量NaNdF_4六方棱柱纳米棒的水热形貌控制合成及发光性质

采用水热法在温和的条件下合成了具有规则外形的六方棱柱状NaNdF4纳米棒。X射线衍射(XRD)分析表明:产物为纯六方相NaNdF4,场发射扫描电镜(SEM)分析表明产物形貌为棱柱状纳米棒,长约为550 nm,棒的端部呈规则六边形,边长约为85nm。高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)和选区电子衍射(SD)显示所得样品为良好的单晶。NaNdF4晶体的生长动力学过程表明:螯合剂(EDTA-Na2)与稀土金属离子间的螯合作用受pH值影响,导致成核速度变化,进而影响NaNdF4纳米晶的最终尺寸和形貌。室温下的NaNdF4纳米棒的发光峰位于红外光范围(λ=892,1 058,和1 342 nm),其最强发射峰位于1 058 nm,对应于Nd3+的4F3/2→4I11/2f-f跃迁。     

Fe3O4纳米棒和Fe2O3纳米线的热氧化制备与表征

以铁单质和草酸溶液为原料,将0.75mol/L的草酸溶液滴在铁片上,于空气中200-600℃范围内加热1h,制备了Fe3O4纳米棒和Fe2O3纳米线,用扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）对产物进行表征,并研究了反应温度对产物形貌的影响.结果表明,在200-500℃下空气中反应1h在铁片上直接生长出矩形截面的多晶的立方相Fe3O4纳米棒,其直径范围约为0.5-0.8μm.当反应温度为600℃,得到的产物为六方相的Fe2O3纳米线.研究表明,C2H2O4对纳米棒的形成起关键作用,并提出了可能生长机理.     

γ-AlOOH纳米棒的水热合成与形貌调控

γ-AlOOH作为液相法合成γ-Al₂O₃的前驱体,其形貌与最终产物的性能密切相关。 本文采用水热法合成γ-AlOOH纳米棒,通过改变Al³⁺浓度和沉淀剂的种类调控γ-AlOOH纳米棒的长径比,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)表征产物的晶体结构和形貌。 结果表明,随Al³⁺浓度增大可得到长径比在5.9~8.0的γ-AlOOH纳米棒,而改变沉淀剂的种类可进一步将长径比增大到8.0~10.0。 通过对产物结晶过程的分析,发现增大Al³⁺浓度和增强沉淀剂碱性均可以促进铝离子与羟基的配合。 提高反应体系中Al(OH)₃浓度,有利于γ-AlOOH晶粒的成核,促进了晶核之间的定向接触,从而提高了纳米棒的长径比。 长径比为10.0的γ-AlOOH纳米棒烧结所得纳米γ-Al₂O₃改性变压器油(体积分数为0.1%)的正冲击击穿强度较纯油提高9.9%.     

孔状Co_3O_4纳米片和纳米棒的选择性合成和表征(英文)

利用两步实验选择性合成孔状Co3O4纳米片和纳米棒:首先,以Co(NO3)2·6H2O,NaOH和不同量的NH4F为原料在120℃水热6h的条件下合成了Co(OH)2-Co3O4纳米片(S1)和Co(OH)F-Co3O4纳米棒(S2);然后将所得纳米片和纳米棒在400℃时加热2h即得到多孔的Co3O4纳米片和纳米棒。所得产物用X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)进行了表征。此外电化学测试表明Co3O4纳米棒的电容量比Co3O4纳米片的更大。     

乙二胺四乙酸辅助水热法合成NaYF_4纳米晶

用络合剂乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)辅助水热法合成了NaYF4纳米球和微米棱柱,通过控制反应条件得到了立方相和六方相纳米晶体;采用X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及荧光光谱仪(PL)分析了产物的结构、形貌及发光性能.结果表明,络合剂EDTA和氟化物的物质的量对NaYF4的形貌和粒度有很大影响,且产物的荧光性能呈现出尺寸依赖性.     

离子液体辅助水热法合成六方片状γ-Al_2O_3

采用离子液体辅助水热法,以氯化铝为铝源,正丁胺为沉淀剂,离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([Bmim]BF4)为模板,合成了具有特殊晶面取向的六方片状γ-Al_2O_3介孔材料,并通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)以及N2等温吸-脱附等方法对产物进行了表征.结果表明,离子液体的加入改变了前驱体的晶相组成,通过调节[Bmim]BF4的用量能够促使前驱体从γ-Al OOH向三水铝石与督三水铝石混合晶相进行相转变,经过高温焙烧形成相应的氧化铝产物,最终实现氧化铝从菱形纳米片向六方纳米片的结构转变.当[Bmim]BF4与铝源的摩尔比为0. 15时,160℃下反应24 h能够获得形貌均匀且规整的六方片状γ-Al_2O_3,其平均粒径约为600 nm,厚度为200 nm,上下基底面为{111}晶面族,侧面由{110}晶面族组成.相比于无模板作用下得到的菱形纳米片,六方片状γ-Al_2O_3具有更大的比表面积(203 m2/g)和孔径更为均一(4. 2 nm)的介孔孔道.本文还对离子液体控制合成介孔氧化铝的模板机理进行了研究.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.