支化高分子的邻接矩阵及其结构参数计算

本文基于支化高分子的邻接矩阵获得了其子链分布,进而给出含溶剂效应在内的支化高分子尺度和结构参数的子链计算方案.作为应用,以AB2型单体聚合形成的无规支化高分子为例,本文计算了支化分子的均方回转半径、平均最大链长和平均链长,明确了它们与聚合度及支化点密度之间的标度关系.结果表明,在理想链和真实链的情形下,尽管支化高分子的...     

梳形支化聚苯乙烯的支化结构对其溶液形态和性质的影响

通过氮氧稳定自由基聚合和原子转移自由基聚合制备出不同支化结构的梳形支化聚苯乙烯.使用示差折光指数-多角激光光散射-毛细管黏度三检测联用凝胶渗透色谱对不同链结构梳形支化聚苯乙烯在四氢呋喃(THF)中的形态和性质进行了研究.结果表明,梳形支化PS在THF中的均方根回转半径(Rg)和特性黏数([η])均随支链长度和支链数目的增加而增大,但是在支链长度较长或者支链数目较大时,Rg和[η]随分子量增加而增大的趋势逐渐放缓,而且支链数目对梳形支化PS在溶液中的均方根回转半径和特性黏数的影响程度要大于支链长度.梳形支化聚苯乙烯在四氢呋喃中的MHS方程特性参数K、α随支链长度和支链数目的增加不断变化.     

柔性树枝形大分子溶液的自洽场理论计算

树枝形大分子是一种新型高分子材料,其浓度分布、末端官能团分布和分子尺寸决定了材料的性质.在柔性支化臂条件下,推导了均聚物树枝形大分子在溶剂中的自洽场理论,计算了不同代数G的树枝形大分子的链节浓度分布.计算结果表明：（1）在良溶剂（或绝热溶剂）中,柔性支化臂的树枝形大分子符合"dense-core"模型,链节浓度沿径向缓慢下降;（2）由于柔性链的折回构象,末端链没有向球形分子的外缘球壳层聚集的倾向;（3）不同代数的支化臂所受的拉伸强度不同,近中心处的第一代支化臂所受的拉伸程度最大;（4）自洽场计算与Flory平均场理论标度律估算结果一致,得到树枝形大分子在良溶剂中的分子尺寸具有标度律R~（GP）^1/5N^2/5,其中P是单个支化臂的聚合度,N是分子的总的链段数;（5）在G固定的情况下,该标度律简化为R~P^3/5.     

一组线型聚苯乙烯和星形支化聚苯乙烯的凝胶色谱与热场流分级方法的比较

本文应用热场流分级方法,在两种不同的场强下(△T=30℃、△T=50℃),测试了一系列窄分布聚苯乙烯标样和星形支化聚苯乙烯的淋出体积V_r和分子量M的依赖关系。星形支化物的臂数不同,但臂的分子量相同,上述样品进行了GPC测试,实验表明,由TFFF得到的支化的与线型聚苯乙烯在V_r～M关系上的差别大于GPC的结果,表明链结构对扩散系数的影响大于对分子体积的影响。     

基于聚烯烃和聚苯乙烯的梳形(共)聚合物的研究进展

无论从生物大分子还是合成高分子,均表明大分子链拓扑结构对于材料性能具有重要的作用。探索聚合物分子链拓扑结构与材料性能的关系一直是高分子材料科学研究的重要课题。活性/可控聚合技术为特定拓扑结构的分子链(如:梳形聚合物)设计合成提供了有效途径,进而可以方便地调控聚合物的分子结构及其性能。针对梳形聚合物的合成,目前主要采用三种合成策略,分别是"Graft onto"策略、"Graft through"策略和"Graft from"策略。结合作者课题组的工作,本文综述了以聚烯烃和聚苯乙烯为基础的梳形(共)聚合物的可控合成以及结构与性能关系的研究进展,重点阐述了长链支化结构参数(支链长度、支链密度和化学组成)对于聚合物熔体行为、发泡行为和结晶行为的影响规律。     

溶液中柔性树枝状高分子的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学模拟方法研究了柔性树枝状高分子在无热溶剂中的静态和动态行为. 模拟结果表明: 在分子尺寸和回转半径Rg满足标度律Rg~N1/5(G+1)2/5P2/5(其中N为树枝状分子的聚合度, G为代数, P为链节长度, g为子代代数)时; 随着代数的增加, 树枝状分子和硬球的静态结构因子相似, 表明其内部结构发生了由“类星形”向“近球形”转化. 随着树枝状分子代数和链节长度的增加, 出现了“单元”(Monomer)密度几乎不变的区域. 树枝状分子的回折能力随着链节长度的增加而增强, 随着代数的增加而减弱. 树枝状分子各子代的运动能力不同, 与内层子代相比, 外层子代在短时间内扩散较慢, 但其松弛较快. 相对于Rouse指数, 树枝状分子“单元”运动的标度更接近Zimm指数.     

多检测GPC／SEC技术在高分子表征中的应用：Ⅲ.新型聚炔类梳形？…

采用体积排斥色谱法／示差折光指数／直角激光光散射／示差粘度三检测联用技术表征聚炔类梳形液晶高分子,阐述了在溶液中分子尺寸与结构的关系,计算了无无扰尺寸（〈ｒ０＾２〉／Ｍ）＾１／２和Ｆｌｏｒｙ特征比Ｃ∞,讨论了侧基的柔性和体积对主链柔性程度的影响。     

受限于平行界面之间高分子链力学行为的研究

采用PERM(pruned-enriched-rosenbluth method)算法,和简立方格点上的自避行走模型,研究了受限于平行界面之间的星型高分子链和线型高分子链的力学行为,并将两种结果进行了比较.模拟结果表明,如果界面对高分子链存在吸附作用,界面之间距离D的增大需要外力的作用;如果界面对链没有吸附作用,则D的增大是一个自发的过程,无需外力的作用.随着界面间距D的增大,通过计算星型链和线型链的均方回转半径〈S2〉和形状因子〈δ*〉,研究了链尺寸和形状的变化情况.另外,为了更细微地了解星型链和线型链的结构及力学行为,还研究了受限高分子链在平行界面之间的轨链(train)、环链(bridge)和尾链(tail).     

聚(丙烯酸-co-甲氧基聚乙二醇甲基丙烯酸酯)梳状高分子的侧链结晶行为

以不同分子量的甲氧基聚乙二醇甲基丙烯酸酯(mPEG1000MA或mPEG2000MA)为大单体,与丙烯酸(AA)、甲基烯丙基磺酸钠(SMAS)等单体通过自由基聚合反应合成了一系列具有不同分子量、不同侧链长度、不同侧链密度的聚(丙烯酸-co-甲氧基聚乙二醇甲基丙烯酸酯)梳状高分子.用乌氏黏度计测定梳状高分子的特性黏数以表征其分子量大小.采用示差扫描量热法(DSC)测量梳状高分子中甲氧基聚乙二醇(mPEG)侧链的结晶温度和熔点.分析认为,当mPEG1000MA与AA共聚后,处于玻璃态的PAA主链对mPEG侧链的物理限制作用很大程度上影响了mPEG侧链的结晶行为.这种在受限环境中mPEG的结晶温度和结晶熔点均发生明显漂移,低于PEG在本体中的结晶.结晶温度和熔点的偏移受到主链长度、侧链疏密、侧链长度、磺酸侧基含量等诸多分子结构和组成因素的影响.研究结果表明:共聚物中侧链越稀疏,侧链结晶受限作用越明显;mPEG侧链分子量越大,其结晶受到主链的限制作用越弱;在梳状高分子主链上引入磺酸侧基官能团后,侧链的结晶的受限程度增加,并且由于非晶侧链的增多,表现出明显的侧链玻璃化转变.     

随星形聚氧化乙烯的分子拓扑形状演变的单层片晶图案

以不同臂(Arm)数的星形聚氧化乙烯(PEO)为对象,系统地研究了其在不同温度下结晶的晶体冰花图案.实验中采用的星形PEO样品,其臂数分别为3,4和8(3-arm-PEO,4-arm-PEO和8-arm-PEO)且每臂的分子量均为5000,线形PEO其分子量为5000.显然,随着星形PEO分子臂数的增加,分子拓扑形状的各向异性不断减小.在单层片晶冰花图案研究中发现,随着结晶温度逐渐向平衡熔点靠近,这些PEO样品的结晶冰花图案具有从树枝状晶体转变为海藻状晶体,然后转变为非规整的紧凑形晶体,最后变成多面晶体的变化规律.对细节的分析进一步表明,随着星形PEO分子臂数的增加,由于分子的各向异性减小,导致冰花状晶体的各向异性程度不断减弱,因此从树枝状晶体到海藻状晶体和从树枝状晶体到多面晶体的转变温度也都逐渐降低.将这些转变温度对臂数作图获得的一张形态相图(morphology diagram)说明了星形PEO结晶图案的分子形状依赖性,也阐明了冰花图案形成的大分子拓扑形状效应.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Star Polymer with Comb-like Poly(lauryl methacrylate) Arms by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization via One-pot ‘Arm-First’ Method

Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) was used to prepare core crosslinked star polymers with comb-like poly (lauryl methacrylate) (LMA) arms by one-pot “arm-first” method, involving the synthesis of comb-like PLMA arms, followed by their crosslinking, using a mixture of LMA monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) crosslinker. By adjusting the feeding time and level of EGDMA, a series of star-like polymers with various comb-like arms length and number can be obtained. The molecular architecture including radius of gyration (Rg), hydrodynamic radius (Rh) and intrinsic viscosity (η_i) etc. were characterized by a triple-detector gel permeation chromatography (GPC) equipped with a refractive index detector, viscometer detector and a multi-angle static laser light scattering (MALLS) detector. The thermal property and shearing stability of these star-like polymers were also investigated.     

Effect of branching and confinement on star-branched polymeric systems

The effect of confinement, number of branches (functionality), and size of the molecules on various properties as a function of temperature of star-branched polymers confined between two walls was studied using Monte Carlo simulations with the parallel tempering technique. The coil-to-globule transition and the liquidlike to solidlike transition, similar to those observed for linear chains, were characterized in all systems by changes in the heat capacity, internal energy, and radius of gyration. The transitions were also characterized by the most probable isomeric structure at a given temperature. The radius of gyration of the star polymers was smaller than the values of linear chains when the number of arms f increased. For star chains with more than f=5 arms the values of the radius of gyration, and therefore the size of the molecules, were similar for every condition of confinement studied, especially at higher temperatures. As confinement was increased, the difference in the radius of gyration of linear chains and star polymers became even larger. The coil-to-globule transition temperatures shifted to higher temperatures as the size of the chains and the number of arms in a molecule were increased. Effects of confinement were higher on the properties of the system at the smallest separations (less than twice the monomer diameter), where the coil-to-globule transition shifted to lower temperatures. The liquidlike to solidlike transition was present at almost the same temperature for different conditions of confinement, chain size, and number of arms. The behavior of the systems for separations between the walls greater than five bead diameters was similar to the behavior in the unconfined case. Hence, no considerable effect of confinement was found above this separation.     

Elastic behavior of comb-like polymer chains

<正>Three-dimensional Monte Carlo simulations of comb-like polymer chains with various backbone lengths N_b,arm lengths N_a and arm densities m are carried out to study the elastic behavior of comb-like polymer chains.The radius of gyration,the shape factors and bond length in different cases during elastic process are calculated,and it is found that the comb-like polymer molecules with longer backbone or shorter arm are more close to linear chains.But the arm density m affects the chain conformation non-monotonously.Some thermodynamic properties are also studied.Average Helmholtz free energy and elastic force f all increase with elongation ratioλfor all chains.     

星型高分子共混体系的相平衡、相分离和相界面的 统计力学理论

在平均场近似下求得了星型高分子共混体系的混合自由能及其相分离动力学方程。本文的理论结果表明,型高分子共混体系与线型高分子共混体系相比具有更快的相分离速度。而且,因其相界面张力较低,体系较易形成更多的相界面,浓度涨落的临界波矢也更大。除此之外,由于在相同分子量的条件下星型高分子的尺寸要小,因此其相界面更窄,当星型高分子的臂数为1或2时,所有结果均合理地还原到熟知的线型高分子共混体系的结果。因此,本文的结果具有更大的普遍性。     

Properties of simple models of polymer networks. A Monte Carlo simulation

A model polymer network was constructed from branched chains. Each chain was built on a simple cubic lattice forming a star-branched polymer consisting of f = 3 arms of equal lengths. The fragment of network under consideration consisted of 1, 2 and 3 star polymers with different topology of connections. The only potential used was excluded volume (athermal chains). The properties of the network were determined by the means of computer simulations using the classical Metropolis sampling algorithm (local micromodifications of chain conformation). The behaviour of linear chains of the same molecular weight was also studied as a state of reference. The influence of attaching the next star-branched chain to the network on its static and dynamic properties was studied. The short-time dynamic behaviour of chain fragments was determined and discussed.     

建筑用梳形共聚物分散剂溶液行为的光散射研究

采用激光光散射研究了一种主链为聚丙烯酸侧链为聚乙二醇的梳形共聚物分散剂的一些溶液行为.从静态光散射得出了较为合理的表观重均分子量、均方旋转半径等参数.动态光散射给出了流体力学半径分布及其角度和浓度依赖性.结合静态和动态光散射,上述梳形共聚物分散剂在溶液中的构象也得到初步的表征.通过与描述梳形聚合物的Gay-Raphae模型进行比较表明,这类梳形共聚物溶液在低盐离子和低pH值条件下存在聚集行为,形成以PAA主链为核PEG为壳层的类胶束聚集.     

Influence of molecular topology on the static and dynamic properties of single polymer chain in solution

The influence of molecular topology on the structural and dynamic properties of polymer chain in solution with ring structure, three-arm branched structure, and linear structure are studied by molecular dynamics simulation. At the same degree of polymerization (N), the ring-shaped chain possesses the smallest size and largest diffusion coefficient. With increasing N, the difference of the radii of gyration between the three types of polymer chains increases, whereas the difference of the diffusion coefficients among them decreases. However, the influence of the molecular topology on the static and the dynamic scaling exponents is small. The static scaling exponents decrease slightly, and the dynamic scaling exponents increase slightly, when the topology of the polymer chain is changed from linear to ring-shaped or three-arm branched architecture. The dynamics of these three types of polymer chain in solution is Zimm-like according to the dynamic scaling exponents and the dynamic structure factors.     

Computer Simulation of Adsorbed Polymer Chains with a Different Molecular Architecture

Simulations of simple models of polymer chains were carried out by the means of the dynamic Monte Carlo method. The model chains were confined to a simple cubic lattice. Three different chain architectures were studied: linear, star‐branched and ring chains. The polymer model chain interacted with an impenetrable surface with a simple contact attractive potential. It was found that size parameters of all these polymers obey scaling laws. The temperatures of the transitions from weakly to strongly adsorbed chain were determined. It was shown for weakly adsorbed chains that ring polymers are always ca. 50% more adsorbed than linear and star‐branched ones. The properties of adsorbed linear and star‐branched polymers are very similar in the length of chain and the strength of adsorption studied. Strongly adsorbed ring polymers are still more adsorbed but differences between all kinds of chains become less pronounced.     

Impact of molecular size of SMA-g-MPEG comb-like polymer on the dispersion of CaCO3 suspensions

Poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride)-g-methoxypolyethylene glycols comb-like polymer was employed as the dispersant of CaCO₃ suspensions in this paper. The comb-like polymer had much better dispersability than traditional linear polyelectrolyte. By changing the length of side chains to alter the molecular size, the dispersion of CaCO₃ suspensions was greatly influenced. The absolute value of zeta potential and the adsorption density decreased with increasing the length of side chains, while the rheological and dispersion properties had a best value when using polymers with moderate length of side chain. Calculations were performed based on the scaling law and Flory theory. It was known from the calculations that by increasing the length of side chains, the molecular size and the steric repulsion were both increased. But due to the worse activity of adsorption, the comb-like polymers with longer side chains had lower adsorption amount. The dispersability was due to the cooperation of steric repulsion and adsorption, which resulted that comb-like polymers with moderate length of side chain presented the best dispersability in actual application.     

Motion of star‐branched chains in polymer networks: a Monte Carlo study

A simple model of branched polymers in confined space is developed. Star‐branched polymer molecules are built on a simple cubic lattice with excluded volume and no attractive interactions (good solvent conditions). A single star molecule is trapped in a network of linear polymer chains of restricted mobility. The simulations are carried out using the classical Metropolis algorithm. Static and dynamic properties of the star‐branched polymer are determined using various networks. The dependence of the longest relaxation time and the self‐diffusion coefficient on chain length and network properties are discussed and the proper scaling laws formulated. The possible mechanism of motion is discussed. The differences between the motion of star‐branched polymers in such a network are compared with the cases of a dense matrix of linear chains and regular rod‐like obstacles.