同时进行峰扩展改正及分段回归制定非线性凝胶渗透色谱校准线

提出一个求得任何形状校准线数学表示式的分段逐步回归制定校准线并同时进行峰加宽改正的方法。该法适用于任何常效凝胶渗透色谱（ＧＰＣ）仪,可得到相对误差为６％左右的满意结果。     

酚醛树脂分子量及分布场解吸质谱表征方法研究

酚醛树脂分子量及分布的表征方法有很多,如蒸气压渗透法(VPO)、气相色谱、高压液相色谱和凝胶渗透色谱等,但由于酚醛树脂存在众多异构体,这些方法均有一定限制性.场解吸质谱(FD-MS)方法的特点是只给出样品固有组分的分子峰,不产生碎片离子峰,用于酚醛树脂的表征,可以直接得出树脂所有固有组分的分子离子峰值,及树脂不同缩合度组分的相对含量,非常适用于组份繁多的酚醛树脂的的分子量及分布表征研究.以苯酚、甲酚及甲醛等原料分别制备了Resole型苯酚-甲醛树脂、Novolac型苯酚-甲醛树脂、Novolac型甲酚树脂及混酚-甲醛树脂,利用FD-MS对制备的几种不同类型酚醛树脂的分子量及分布进行了研究.结果表明,通过FD-MS谱图分析还可以得到树脂缩聚程度、原料种类、树脂特性等信息,对于鉴别及剖析各种类型酚醛树脂方便有效.     

田菁胶、羟丙基田菁胶和瓜胶的分子量及其分布研究

用凝胶色谱（ＧＰＣ）法测定了羟丙基田菁胶（ＨＰＳ）、田菁胶（ＳＧ）和瓜胶原粉（ＧＧ）三种样品的分子量,其重均分子量顺序Ｍ＿（ＷＨＰＳ）＞Ｍ＿（ＷＧＧ）＞Ｍ＿（ＷＳＧ）,分子量范围为２．３×１０￣５～３．４×１０￣５,分散系数关系为Ｄ＿（ＨＰＳ）＝Ｄ＿（ＳＧ）＞Ｄ＿（ＧＧ）,并讨论了聚糖的多分散性与产品性能的关系。     

液体色谱,凝胶色谱分析低聚芳砜及其双烯大分子单体

本文用液相色谱和凝胶色谱对双酚A、双酚S型低聚芳砜及α,ω-双甲基丙烯酸聚芳砜酯大分子单体进行了组分分析,通过改合成条件、测定数均分子量等辅助手段确定液相色谱各峰的归属,计算其分子量及分子量分布指数,并对两种方法测定的结果进行了比较。用液相色谱观察低聚体每个组分的含量及其反应过程中的消长情况比凝胶色谱清晰。     

凝胶色谱法测定顺丁橡胶平均分子量及其分布的研究

通过一系列的条件试验,包括样品浓度、样品量及流动相流速对柱效的影响,确定了最佳的凝胶色谱（ＧＰＣ）试验条件;采用普适校正法将聚苯乙烯（ＰＳ）标定曲线转换成顺丁橡胶（ＰＢ）标定曲线,并对Ｍａｒｋ－Ｈｏｕｗｉｎｋ方程式中Ｋ,α值的选择进行了讨论;采用４种分子量加宽方程对色谱柱加宽效应进行改正计算,通过比较,选定适合本试验系统的加宽效应的改正方法;用粘度法测得的顺丁橡胶特性粘度（η）吻合ＧＰＣ所测得特性粘度值,证明了方法的可靠性。     

凝胶渗透色谱法测定聚丙烯腈共聚物分子量中宽分布校正法的应用

应用宽分布校正法对凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)进行了校正，将校正曲线用于聚丙烯腈(PAN)共聚物分子量的计算。对扣除色谱峰扩展效应前后的测试结果与乌氏粘度法测得的数据进行比较。结果表明，应用宽分布校正法时，必须扣除色谱峰扩展效应，才能得到较为准确的测试结果。     

2—亚甲基丁二酯酐和甲基丙烯酸甲酯的共聚反应研究

２－亚甲基－丁二酯酐和甲基丙烯酸甲酯在四氢呋喃中以过氧化二苯甲酰作引发剂进行自由基共聚合。由作图法求得这两种单体在６６℃的共聚竞聚率：ｒ１＝４．２２，ｒ２＝０．６４，表明它们趋于嵌均共聚。用粘度法和ＧＰＣ测量了共聚物的分子量和分子量分布。     

水溶性凝胶色谱中的非体积排除效应

讨论了水溶性凝胶色谱技术（ＧＰＣ）的分离机理和不同研究领域对ＧＰＣ数据处理上的差别。详细阐述了在分离过程中存在的一些非体积排除效应及其对分析结果的影响,论述了消除这些影响因素的方法。     

含芘苯乙烯／二乙烯苯共聚物的合成与表征

本文首次通过共聚方法和功能基化方法合成了芘标记苯乙烯／二乙烯苯共聚物，用稳态荧光光谱、裂解色谱、裂解色谱－质谱等方法对芘标记共聚物进行了详细地表征。结果表明，通过控制芘标记单体的投料或功能基化反应时间，可以将一定量的芘基标记到苯乙烯／二乙烯苯共聚物中，其荧光光谱显示了芘基的单体荧光发射和激基缔合物荧光发射；共聚物裂解色谱的甲基芘峰和苯乙烯三聚体峰反映了芘基和交联聚苯乙烯骨架的特征，据此可建立甲基芘     

旋转薄层色谱分离聚合物

报道了旋转薄层色谱分级聚合物，及配合直接扫描密度法测定分子量分布的结果．在旋转薄层硅胶板上用混合溶剂成功地分离并直接收集了聚苯乙烯２１个级分，分子量测定结果与ＧＰＣ法基本一致．初步认为旋转薄层色谱以薄层吸附色谱分离机理为基础，采用连续注入流动相和旋转薄层板离心力相结合的方式，改善并加快了分离效果     

Molecular weight distributions of linear polymers: Detailed analysis from GPC data

The GPC method is used widely to measure molecular weights of linear polymers. High-quality GPC data contains detailed information on many aspects of the polymer's molecular weight distribution (MWD). This information can be extracted from the data using computer analysis. Equations have been derived for the two simplest MWD functions in the GPC coordinates: the Flory function (one growing polymer chain produces one polymer molecule), and for the case when two polymer radicals combine into one polymer molecule. The equations were used to analyze MWD of two classes of polymers. The first class includes polymers with narrow MWD: polyethylene, ethylene-propylene and ethylene-hexene copolymers, syndiotactic polystyrene, and radical polystyrene. The second class includes polymers with broad MWD: ethylene copolymers and polypropylene produced with heterogeneous, Ti-based catalysts. The examples demonstrate that the resolution of complex GPC curves into their constitutents serve as an important source of information about kinetics of polymerization reactions. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

GPC法测定塑料粘结炸药中高分子材料的相对分子质量及其分布

采用凝胶渗透色谱法使用示差折光检测器与二极管阵列检测器联用技术,并根据高分子材料在溶剂中的不同溶解能力对塑料粘结炸药中偏氟乙烯-三氟氯乙烯共聚物和苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物混合体系进行了分离及相对分子质量测试,获得混合体系中单一组分的相对分子质量及其分布,建立了适合于该混合体系的GPC测定方法。经与原材料的相对分子质量结果比对,证明该方法分离效果良好。     

从特性粘数和GPC图谱获得重均分子量的新方法

本文提出了从未知样品的特性粘数和GPC图谱计算重均分子量的新方法,该方法可用于计算窄分布和宽分布的未知Mark-Houwink 常数的样品的重均分子量。用七个不同分子量和不同分布的实例验证了所提出的方法。结果与已知Mark-Houwink常数用普适校准法得到的结果一致。     

过氧化氢在乙酸均相体系中对壳聚糖的降解

为制备分子量较低的可溶于水的壳低聚糖,研究了在乙酸均相体系中过氧化氢氧化降解壳聚糖的过程,采用凝胶渗透色谱法跟踪测定了壳聚糖氧化降解过程中分子量及其分布的变化,探索制备不同分子量壳低聚糖的适宜条件。     

Determination of molecular weight distributions of novolac resins by gel permeation chromatography

The number- and weight-average molecular weights of several statistical and high ortho novolac resins were determined using gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The standards used were pure compounds having between 2 and 12 phenol units bridged via methylene linkages. Three series of compounds were studied: (i) those with methylene linkages substituted in only the ortho positions relative to the phenolic hydroxyl group; (ii) those in which all para positions, together with sufficient ortho positions, were used to synthesize the compounds; and (iii) those in which the methylene linkages were substituted at a mixture of ortho and para positions. Such compounds, having known molecular architecture and units similar to the segments of industrial novolac resins, provide for a more exact measurement of the molecular weight than do the commonly used poly(styrene) standards. Using these new standards the number average molecular weights of the resins determined by GPC were in good agreement with the average molecular weight obtained by ¹H-NMR spectra of the resins, particularly for low molecular weight resins. GPC analysis of higher molecular weight resins tends to underestimate the molecular weights because of complications introduced by hydrogen bonding. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 1399–1407, 1997     

从GPC谱图和[η]获得(?)_w的误差分析——正态分布型模型GPC谱图

本文利用正态分布型模型GPC谱图从理论上分析了利用GPC谱图和特性粘数来求样品重均分子量可能引入的误差问题。理论和实验表明,当样品的α在0.6—0.8之间,分子量分散指数(?)_w/(?)_n<10时,利用文献[3]提出的方法计算近正态分布的试样的重均分子量的误差不会大于10％。而且分子量分布越窄,α值越接近0.6185,所得的结果越准确。     

从特性粘数和GPC谱图获得数均分子量方法的误差分析

凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)广泛用于测量高聚物的分子量及其分布,但即使是根据普适校准原理也需知道溶液体系的K、α值。已经提出了几种改进方法来估算分子量,其中文献[2]提出利用特性粘数和GPC谱图来估算平均分子量。后来有些学者从实验角度对此方法     

Round‐robin experiment in high‐temperature gel permeation chromatography

The results of an interlaboratory or round‐robin experiment in high‐temperature gel permeation chromatography (HT‐GPC) analysis are presented. The intention was to determine and raise awareness of interlaboratory reproducibility of HT‐GPC techniques. Fifteen laboratories performed analyses of five polyethylene samples and standards SRM 1475 and 1476. Reproducibility, as measured by the interlaboratory standard deviation (s_LAB), was greatly influenced by the breadth of the molecular weight distribution (MWD) and branching. The s_LAB values for the weight‐average molecular weight (M_w) of linear polyethylenes of narrow and broad MWDs were 4 and 14%, respectively. For branched polymers, GPC viscometry methods are shown to measure significantly higher molecular weights than the noncoupled GPC method, with higher variance. For branched polyethylenes measured with GPC viscometry, the reproducibility of M_w was characterized by s_LAB = 18%. Reproducibility of the SRM 1475 standard was better than for unknowns. The results for branched standard SRM 1476 emphasize the important role of the detection method in GPC but call into question the use of this material as a molecular weight standard. For single‐site polyethylene, only a handful of labs measured an MWD that closely matched the Flory distribution. Qualitatively, the responses indicate that many variations in instrument and analytical methods exist among laboratories; this is partly a reflection of the development and refinements that this technique must yet undergo before a truly standard method is widely accepted and practiced. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 40: 905–921, 2002     

Single electron transfer‐living radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate in fluoroalcohol: Dual control over molecular weight and tacticity

The Cu(0)‐mediated single electron transfer‐living radical polymerization (SET‐LRP) of methyl methacrylate (MMA) using ethyl 2‐bromoisobutyrate (EBiB) as an initiator with Cu(0)/N,N,N′,N′′,N′′‐pentamethyldiethylenetriamine as a catalyst system in 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoro‐2‐propanol (HFIP) was studied. The polymerization showed some living features: the measured number‐average molecular weight (M_n,GPC) increased with monomer conversion and produced polymers with relatively low polydispersities. The increase of HFIP concentration improved the controllability over the polymerization with increased initiation efficiency and lowered polydispersity values. ¹H NMR, MALDI‐TOF‐MS spectra, and chain extension reaction confirmed that the resultant polymer was end‐capped by EBiB species, and the polymer can be reactivated for chain extension. In contrast, in the cases of dimethyl sulfoxide or N,N‐dimethylformamide as reaction solvent, the polymerizations were uncontrolled. The different effects of the solvents on the polymerization indicated that the mechanism of SET‐LRP differed from that of atom transfer radical polymerization. Moreover, HFIP also facilitated the polymerization with control over stereoregularity of the polymers. Higher concentration of HFIP and lower reaction temperature produced higher syndiotactic ratio. The syndiotactic ratio can be reached to about 0.77 at 1/1.5 (v/v) of MMA/HFIP at ?18 °C. In conclusion, using HFIP as SET‐LRP solvent, the dual control over the molecular weight and tacticity of PMMA was realized. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 6316–6327, 2009     

多壁碳纳米管对PS分子量影响的研究

由于碳纳米管（CNT）具有优异的力学、电学、光学等性能,近年来,聚合物／碳纳米管（polymer／CNT）复合材料的研究已经成为研究者关注的热点。相关的研究主要集中在：一是将CNT作为填充材料制各复合材料,使复合材料的力学、电学等性能得到提高。二是将CNT作为主体,用聚合物对CNT进行修饰,使CNT在有机溶剂中能够获得良好的溶解度。而对于在聚合反应中,CNT的加入对聚合物分子量影响的研究,相关的报道较少。本文利用悬浮聚合法制备了聚苯乙烯／多壁碳纳米管（PS／MWNT）复合材料,采用透射电镜（TEM）和凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）对其进行了分析,详细研究了MWNT对于PS分子量的影响。