MoO3/Al2O3催化剂中Mo分散的正电子研究

用浸渍法制备了一系列不同Mo含量的MoO₃/Al₂O₃催化剂.测量了这些样品的正电子湮没寿命谱(PALS)与符合多普勒展宽(CDB)谱,以研究其孔洞结构以及Mo分散.正电子寿命测量结果表明,Al₂O₃载体中存在两种不同尺寸的孔洞.掺入MoO₃之后,Mo原子主要进入Al₂O₃的大孔中,使孔洞体积减小.符合多普勒展宽谱结果表明,当MoO 关键词： 3/Al₂O₃催化剂')" href="#">MoO₃/Al₂O₃催化剂 正电子湮没寿命谱 符合多普勒展宽 Mo 分散     

MoO3在多孔γ-Al2 O3中固熔分散的研究

用MoO₃与多孔γ-Al₂O₃载体以机械混合法制备了一系列MoO₃/γ-Al₂O₃样品.用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱分析、综合热分析(TG/DTA)和正电子湮没谱学研究了MoO₃加载于γ-Al₂O₃后固熔分散过程.分别测量了不同含量的MoO₃/γ-Al_{2关键词： 正电子湮没谱学 三氧化钼 分散 逐次加载}     

非晶离子导体B2O3-0.7Li2O-0.7LiCl-xAl2O3晶化过程的正电子湮没寿命谱和扫描电子显微镜研究

传统的粉末压片样品严重影响了正电子湮没寿命谱及电子显微镜测量的准确性和重复性。本文克服了以上困难,制出大片非晶离子导体样品,得到了晶化过程正电子湮没寿命谱及扫描电子显微镜研究的新结果。非晶离子导体B₂O₃-0.7Li₂O-0.7LiCl-xAl₂O₃的实验结果发现:Al₂O₃组分不同对非晶态样品在室温下的正电子平均寿命无较大影响。完全晶化后,正电子平均寿 关键词：     

Fe3O4-C核壳型纳米纤维的正电子研究

利用正电子手段研究新型多功能材料Fe₃O₄-C 纳米管核壳结构纳米纤维的内部电子结构,通过测量和分析正电子湮没寿命谱和符合双多普勒展宽谱,发现在这种材料中部分正电子在Fe₃O₄内部的单空位中发生湮灭,部分正电子在Fe₃O₄的微空洞中发生湮灭,部分正电子在壳层碳纳米管中湮灭.并估算了各个部分的湮灭比例,在一定程度上揭示了Fe₃O₄-C 关键词： 正电子 纳米纤维 寿命 符合多普勒     

Gd替代YBa2Cu3O7－δ超导体的相结构与局域电子结构的研究

利用正电子湮没实验，结合x射线衍射(XRD)结构分析，研究了具有混合稀土特征的(Y_{1 -x}Gd_x)Ba₂Cu₃O_7-δ系列样品. XRD 实验结果表明，半径较大的Gd离子Y位替代使得样品晶胞参数和晶胞体积增大，但所有样品 仍保持与YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ(YBCO)样品相同的单相正交结 构. 正电子湮没实验表明，正电子各寿命参数表现出很强的Gd替代依赖关系. 从正电子实验 结果出发，计算了Cu-O链区局域电子密度n_e的变化. 结果表明，局域电子密度n _e随Gd含量x的增加而减小，而超导转变温度T_c随局域电子密度ne的减小而增加，这种局域电子密度n_e与超导电性的关联是与铜位替代 完全不同的，且可能是近年来人们关于混合稀土铜氧化物体系具有较高临界电流密度的原因 之一. 该研究结果为铜氧化物超导体的应用和机理研究提供了相应的正电子实验资料. 关键词： 超导电性 正电子湮没 相结构 局域电子密度     

Co掺杂纳米ZnO微结构的正电子湮没研究

利用正电子湮没技术研究了10 at.% Co掺杂的Co₃O₄/ZnO纳米复合物中退火对缺陷的影响. 利用X射线衍射(XRD)测量了Co₃O₄/ZnO纳米复合物的结构和晶粒尺寸. 随着退火温度升高,Co₃O₄相逐步消失,ZnO晶粒尺寸也有显著增加. 经过1000 ℃以上退火后,Co₃O₄相完全消失,并出现了CoO的岩盐结构. 正电子湮没寿命测量显示出Co₃O₄ /ZnO纳米复合物中存在大量的Zn空位和空位团. 这些空位缺陷可能存在于纳米复合物的界面区域. 当退火温度达到700 ℃后Zn空位开始恢复,空位团也开始收缩. 900 ℃以上退火后,所有空位缺陷基本消失,正电子寿命接近ZnO完整晶格中的体态寿命值. 符合多普勒展宽谱测量也显示Co₃O₄ /ZnO纳米复合物经过900 ℃以上退火后电子动量分布与单晶ZnO基本一致,表明界面缺陷经过退火后得到消除. 关键词： ZnO 界面缺陷 正电子湮没     

非晶锂离子导体B2O3-0.7Li2O—0.7LiCl-xAl2O3晶化过程的正电子湮没一维角关联辐射研究

本文用中国第一台正电子湮没辐射一维角关联实验装置,测量了非晶锂离子导体B₂O-0.7Li₂O-0.7LiCl-xAl₂O₃(x=0.15;0.10;0.05)晶化过程中各条正电子湮没辐射的一维角关联曲线,并对归一化的电子动量分布进行了线形参数的计算,从其S参数同样能推测出该离子导体在晶化过程中缺陷浓度的变化。非晶离子导体B₂O₃-0.7Li₂O-0.7LiCl-xAl₂O₃的实验结果表明,Al₂O₃组分不同,对非晶态样品在室温下一维角关联曲线的S参数亦无较大影响。完全晶化后,一维角关联曲线的S参数均有很大下降。在晶化过程最初期,无论Al₂O₃含量多少,S参数都明显略增;到晶化温度附近,仅对Al₂O₃含量较多的非晶,S参数反常增高。这些结果验证和补充了测正电子平均寿命得出的结论。由此初步证实了界面层有大量缺陷的物理图象。 关键词：     

金属氧化物超导陶瓷Y-123体系烧结过程与结构缺陷的正电子实验研究

利用正电子湮没技术,结合X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜结构分析,对Y-123超导体烧结过程进行了研究,给出了烧结时间、烧结温度对该体系结晶度和晶体结构的影响特征,发现在950℃温度烧结下,随烧结时间的增加,Y-123体系的正交畸变度增加;而就整体而言,正电子平均寿命随烧结温度和烧结时间增加而增加,并趋于饱和.证明在烧结温度为920—950℃、烧结时间为12—72h的实验条件下,Y-123超导材料中的缺陷分布趋于稳定.讨论了烧结过程中材料内部的缺陷变化特征 关键词： 正电子寿命谱 2Cu₃O_7-δ超导体')" href="#">YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ超导体 烧结过程 晶体结构     

纳米Fe3 O4 颗粒的正电子湮没谱学研究

测量了磁性纳米Fe₃O₄颗粒的X射线衍射谱(XRD)、正电子湮没寿命谱(PALS)和符合多普勒展宽谱(CDBS),研究了不同压力和退火温度对磁性纳米Fe₃O₄颗粒物相、电子结构、缺陷及电子动量分布等的影响. XRD,PALS,CDBS测量结果表明:纳米Fe₃O₄颗粒的缺陷浓度随压力的增加而增大,但物相和缺陷类型并未发生变化;磁性纳米Fe₃O_{4< 关键词： 正电子 3}O₄')" href="#">Fe₃O₄ 寿命谱 多普勒展宽谱     

磁性离子Fe和Ni替代YBCO体系的结构特征和载流子局域化

为阐明磁性离子在不同替代位置对YBCO体系超导电性的影响机制，利用正电子湮没及相关实验手段结合数值模拟，系统研究了Fe和Ni掺杂的YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ体系. 结果表明，Fe和Ni离子在替代过程中均以离子团簇的形式进入晶格. 当离子进入CuO₂面时，由于团簇改变了周围的电子结构，造成电子的局域化，并直接影响了电子对的配对和输运，因而强烈抑制了体系的超导电性.而当掺杂离子进入Cu-O链区时，它们同样通过团簇的形式改变周围 关键词： YBCO超导体 磁性离子替代 正电子湮没 数值模拟     

Microstructures and electrical conductivity of nanocrystalline ceria-based thin films

Ceria-based thin films are potential materials for use as gas-sensing layers and electrolytes in micro-solid oxide fuel cells. Since the average grain sizes of these films are on the nanocrystalline scale (< 150 nm), it is of fundamental interest whether the electrical conductivity might differ from microcrystalline ceria-based ceramics. In this study, CeO₂ and Ce_0.8Gd_0.2O_1.9−x thin films have been fabrication by spray pyrolysis and pulsed laser deposition, and the influence of the ambient average grain size on the total DC conductivity is investigated. Dense and crack-free CeO₂ and Ce_0.8Gd_0.2O_1.9−x thin films were produced that withstand annealing up to temperatures of 1100 °C. The dopant concentration and annealing temperature affect highly the grain growth kinetics of ceria-based thin films. Large concentrations of dopant exert Zener drag on grain growth and result in retarded grain growth. An increased total DC conductivity and decreased activation energy was observed when the average grain size of a CeO₂ or Ce_0.8Gd_0.2O_1.9−x thin film was decreased.     

Zirconia based oxide ion conductors for solid oxide fuel cells

The electrical conductivity in the ZrO₂-Ln₂O₃ and ZrO₂-MO₂-Ln₂O₃(M = Hf, Ce, Ln = lanthanides) systems has been examined.The highest conductivity of 0.3 S/cm at 1000 °C was found in the ZrO₂-Sc₂O₃ system. The addition of MO₂ into the ZrO₂-Ln₂O₃(Ln = Sc, Y, Yb) systems showed the conductivity decreasing. The conduction mechanism in the zirconia based oxide ion conductors was discussed in view of the dopant ionic radius. The aging effect of the conductivity in the ZrO₂-Ln₂O₃ systems has been measured in a temperature rang 800–1000 °C. ZrO₂ with a high content of Ln₂O₃ showed no significant conductivity degradation. Paper presented at the 97th Xiangshan Science Conference on New Solid State Fuel Cells, Xiangshan, Beijing, China, June 14–17, 1998.     

分散第二相γ-Al2O3对β-Li2SO4离子导电性的影响

本文研究了分散第二相γ-Al₂O₃对β-Li₂SO₄离子导电性的影响。β-Li₂SO₄(γ-Al₂O₃)的电导率随γ-Al₂O₃含量的增加而提高,到γ-Al₂O₃为50mol％时达到极大。当温度为253℃时,β-Li₂SO< 关键词：     

Electrical and structural modifications of TZP

The stability range of the metastable tetragonal phase in the ZrO₂-Y₂O₃-TiO₂ and ZrO₂-Y₂O₃-Fe₂O₃ systems was investigated by XRD at room temperature. The solid solubility limit of TiO₂ was found to be as high as 20 mol%, while that of Fe₂O₃ does not exceed 0.8 mol%. Impedance measurements show a decrease of the total conductivity, bulk conductivity and grain boundary conductivity as a result of the TiO₂ and Fe₂O₃ addition. Dc-polarization measurements using the Hebb-Wagner technique were applied to determine the partial hole and electron conductivities of TiO₂ and Fe₂O₃ co-doped samples. These show a slightly higher hole conductivity as compared to pure TZP and a remarkably higher electron conductivity as compared to TiO₂ or Fe₂O₃ doped samples. The Hebb-Wagner curves are interpreted according to a model which considers the addition of mixed valence ions. The influence of the minority charge carriers on the charge-transfer resistance is investigated. Paper presented at the 4th Euroconference on Solid State Ionics, Renvyle, Galway, Ireland, Sept. 23–19, 1997.     

Electrical property of nanocrystalline γ-Fe2O3 under high pressure

Using a microcircuit fabricated on a diamond anvil cell, in situ conductivity measurements on nanophase (NP) γ-Fe₂O₃ are obtained under high pressure. For NP γ-Fe₂O₃, the abrupt increase in electrical conductivity occurs at a pressure of 21.3 GPa, corresponding to a transition from maghemite to hematite. Above 26.4 GPa, conductivity increases smoothly with increasing pressure. No distinct abnormal change is observed during decompression, indicating that transformation is irreversible. The temperature-dependence of the conductivity of NP γ-Fe₂O₃ was investigated at several pressures, indicating the electrical conductivity of the sample increases with increasing pressure and temperature, and that a remarkable phenomenon of discontinuity occurs at 400 K. The abnormal change is attributed to the electronic phase transitions of NP γ-Fe₂O₃ due to the variation of inherent cation vacancies. Besides, the temperature-dependence of the electrical conductivity displays semiconductor-like behavior before 33.0 GPa.     

Optical phonon spectra of lutetium fluoride,oxyfluoride, and lutetium oxide nanoparticles

Nano-and microcrystalline LuF₃ phases have been synthesized with particle sizes of 30 nm and 30 μm, respectively. Analysis of the IR reflection spectra measured at T = 300 K showed that the nanophase differs from the microcrystalline phase by reduced optical phonon frequencies. It is established that annealing of the LuF₃ nanophase in air leads to the formation of nanoparticles of the LuO_{1 ? x} F_{1 + 2x} and Lu₂O₃ compositions. The IR reflection spectra of the nanophases indicate that these nanoparticles consist of an oxyfluoride core surrounded with a Lu₂O₃ shell; the latter is in the strained state.     

Enhancing the thermal conductivity of polymer-assisted deposited Al2O3 film by nitrogen doping

<正>Polymer-assisted deposition technique has been used to deposit Al₂O₃ and N-doped Al₂O₃（AlON） thin films on Si（100） substrates.The chemical compositions,crystallinity,and thermal conductivity of the as-grown films have been characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）,X-ray diffraction（XRD）,and 3-omega method,respectively. Amorphous and polycrystalline Al₂O₃ and AlON thin films have been formed at 700℃and 1000℃.The thermal conductivity results indicated that the effect of nitrogen doping on the thermal conductivity is determined by the competition of the increase of Al-N bonding and the suppression of crystallinity.A 67%enhancement in thermal conductivity has been achieved for the samples grown at 700℃,demonstrating that the nitrogen doping is an effective way to improve the thermal performance of polymer-assisted-deposited Al₂O₃ thin films at a relatively low growth temperature.     

Dispersion behavior and thermal conductivity characteristics of Al2O3–H2O nanofluids

Nanofluid is a kind of new engineering material consisting of solid nanoparticles with sizes typically of 1–100 nm suspended in base fluids. In this study, Al₂O₃–H₂O nanofluids were synthesized, their dispersion behaviors and thermal conductivity in water were investigated under different pH values and different sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) concentration. The sedimentation kinetics was determined by examining the absorbency of particle in solution. The zeta potential and particle size of the particles were measured and the Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (DLVO) theory was used to calculate attractive and repulsive potentials. The thermal conductivity was measured by a hot disk thermal constants analyser. The results showed that the stability and thermal conductivity enhancements of Al₂O₃–H₂O nanofluids are highly dependent on pH values and different SDBS dispersant concentration of nano-suspensions, with an optimal pH value and SDBS concentration for the best dispersion behavior and the highest thermal conductivity. The absolute value of zeta potential and the absorbency of nano-Al₂O₃ suspensions with SDBS dispersant are higher at pH 8.0. The calculated DLVO interparticle interaction potentials verified the experimental results of the pH effect on the stability behavior. The Al₂O₃–H₂O nanofluids with an ounce of Al₂O₃ have noticeably higher thermal conductivity than the base fluid without nanoparticles, for Al₂O₃ nanoparticles at a weight fraction of 0.0015 (0.15 wt%), thermal conductivity was enhanced by up to 10.1%.     

Conductivity behaviour of a cubic/tetragonal phase stabilized nanocrystalline La2O3-ZrO2

La₂O₃ doped nanocrystalline zirconia (ZrO₂) was prepared by chemical co-precipitation method for the 3, 5, 8, 10, 15, 20 and 30 mol.% concentrations of La₂O₃. Structural studies were performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD). All the as-synthesized samples were found to be in monoclinic phase. As-synthesized samples were given heat treatment at higher temperatures for tetragonal/cubic structural phase stabilization. Sintering the samples at temperature 1173 K stabilized the tetragonal and cubic phases. A slight shift in the 100% peak of the cubic phase was observed towards the low diffraction angle indicating the substitution of the bigger La³⁺ ion into the ZrO₂ lattice. Grain sizes were found to lie between 10 and 13 nm. Electrical conductivity studies were performed on the cubic phase stabilized La₂O₃-ZrO₂ by complex impedance spectroscopy. The conductivity increases up to the dopant concentration 10 mol.% and then decreases with further increase in La₂O₃ concentration. Initial increase in conductivity is correlated to the stabilization of the cubic phase and the subsequent decrease in the conductivity with the dopant content is interpreted on the basis of the oxygen-ion movement model. Electrical conductivity has contributions from grain and grain boundary regions. But the grain boundary conductivity is slightly higher than the corresponding grain conductivity. Higher grain boundary conductivity shows higher diffusion coefficient for the atoms on the surface of the ZrO₂ grains. The possible mechanism of the oxygen ion conduction in the La₂O₃ stabilized zirconia (LSZ) is reported. The Barton, Nakajima and Namikawa (BNN) relation has been applied to the conductivity data and found that the d.c. and a.c. conductions have been correlated to each other by the same mechanism.     

Characterization of iron(III) oxide films used for photoelectrode by means of cems

Thin iron oxides deposited on semi-conductive glass by a spray pyrolysis technique were analysed by Conversion Electron Mössbauer Spectrometry (CEMS). Iron oxide deposited on SnO₂ coated glass was composed of a large grained particles of crystalline α?Fe₂O₃, which showed sextet. The doublet and sextet appeared in CEM spectra of iron oxides deposited on In₂O₃ and WO₃ coated glasses. The sextet was due to α?Fe₂O₃ and the doublet was attributted to the superparamagnetic microcrystalline α?Fe₂O₃ (≈15nm) rather than to spinel compounds of iron. The iron oxide deposited on ZnO coated glass gave a doublet in CEM spectra. It was supporsed to be due to very fine particle of α?Fe₂O₃ (<100nm). It was found that iron oxide films obtained by spray pyrolysis were dependent on the kinds and the temperature of the semi-conductive materials coated on glass.