基于轴承边界元法的轧机圆锥滚子轴承的载荷研究

采用边界元法对高度非线性的滚动轴承接触问题进行了研究。利用轴承边界单元模拟轴承接触单元,采用赫兹接触理论对滚动体与轴承内外圈的接触宽度进行修正;根据轧机圆锥滚子轴承安装配合时轴承内圈与轧辊、轴承外圈与轴承座均采用松配合的特点,在多物体有摩擦弹性接触的边界元法基础上,编制了四物体有摩擦弹性接触的专用轴承边界元法计算程序;并对轧机四列圆锥滚子轴承进行了数值分析,验证了算法的可行性和有效性。结果表明:四列滚动体上圆锥滚子小端受较大的压力,且滚动体端部压力远大于中部压力;滚动体承受的轴向压力与四列圆锥轴承的锥度分布一致,最大应力出现在第一列滚动体靠近辊身侧的位置;各个滚动体的接触宽度与滚动体上承受的径向载荷分布规律一致,非轴承接触面所受载荷的分布与承受载荷的滚动体的位置相对应。     

滚动体几何相似条件在轴承边界元法中的应用

滚动轴承作为多物体接触系统,具有高度的非线性。为了求解滚动轴承的三维载荷分布,考虑所有滚动体的形状和边界条件相同,利用几何相似条件通过初始位置滚动体的离散模型,得到其他滚动体的离散数据。将所有滚动体看作是一个物体,轴承系统可以用3个物体无摩擦接触边界元法进行模拟计算。考虑全部滚动体作为一个整体的特殊性,叙述了边界积分方程和耦合的矩阵方程的建立,编制了基于滚动体几何相似条件的轴承边界元法Fortran源程序。利用该程序对轧机四列圆锥滚子轴承进行数值模拟,得到轴承的接触压力和载荷,滚动体接触宽度和接触滚动体个数,并说明了方法的有效性。     

考虑动静摩擦影响的可接触型裂纹动态响应的隐式算法

提出一种考虑裂纹面摩擦影响的可接触型裂纹动力反应的时域隐式计算方法。这一方法不但可以较好地描述裂纹面间的碰撞过程及反映动接触时裂纹面间动、静摩擦力的影响，而且使动接触问题分析中的系统矩阵成为对称型式，在弹塑性有限元迭代过程中，无需增加额外的迭代即可求得较好的结果。数值结果表明本文方法具有良好的稳定性和较高的精度。     

滚子轴承系统多体接触问题的子结构有限元分析

1.引言 滚动轴承接触负荷分布的计算在轴承理论和应用中占有重要地位。当将壳体、轴承的外圈、滚动体、内圈和轴看成是组成轴承系统的基本要素时,这就是个多体接触问题。 弹性接触问题属于局部非线性问题,这是由系统的接触状态不能事先确定而引起的。随着接触体个数的增多,接触状态就变得更为复杂。对此问题本文用子结构有限元进行了分     

非稳态纯滚动接触弹塑性分析

建立了二维弹塑性非稳态循环纯滚动接触有限元模型.材料本构采用一种较好的循环塑性模型,并通过材料用户子程序在通用有限元软件ABAQUS中自定义该本构模型.通过在弹塑性无限半空间表面上重复移动随时间按简谐规律变化的赫兹法向载荷来模拟非稳态循环纯滚动接触过程.通过数值模拟,得到接触表面附近的残余累积变形、应变和残余应力.不同的最大赫兹接触压力对残余应力和残余应变影响较大.在简谐变化的法向接触载荷作用下接触表面的变形呈波浪形,随着滚动次数的增加,该波状表面沿载荷移动相反方向逐渐移动,但移动速率要衰减.波状表面波谷处的残余应力、应变和变形大于波峰处.随滚动次数的增加,残余应力增大但很快趋于稳定,残余应变也增大但增大速率衰减.     

大变形中摩擦接触问题的数值模拟及应用

大变形的摩擦接触是复杂的非线性问题 ,本文介绍了一种处理摩擦接触问题的数值方法。采用接触单元技术模拟接触界面 ,基于弹塑性理论形式的非经典Coulomb摩擦定律及罚函数方法建立了摩擦接触的增量本构关系。结合大变形的增量分析格式给出了积分摩擦接触本构方程的回映方法。这种处理摩擦接触问题的方法计算简单、使用方便。给出的计算实例及应用实例说明了方法的精度与稳定性     

不同速度及载荷作用下焦粉润滑特性的试验研究

将焦粉导入摩擦副间,研究不同速度及载荷作用下钢、焦粉、耐火砖三体接触状态下焦粉润滑特性. XRD测试结果表明焦粉微晶结构发生石墨化.通过对比无润滑及焦粉润滑对摩擦界面的影响,进一步验证了焦粉具有良好的润滑性能.此外,通过改变试验的速度及载荷,探究不同速度及载荷作用下粉末层成形机理及焦粉润滑特性.结果表明:载荷为5 MPa,速度分别为0.05、0.20和0.40 m/s时,速度越大,粉末层越厚,焦粉润滑性能越好;而速度为0.55 m/s时,由于速度过大,焦粉被抛出摩擦界面,表面发生严重磨损,并引发振动发生.速度为0.40 m/s,载荷分别为5和15 MPa时,载荷越大,越不利于形成粉末层,载荷分别为20和25 MPa时,粉末层发生不同程度的破坏,表面磨损严重.     

基于半解析法的钢绞线丝间摩擦学性能研究

为探究钢绞线丝间摩擦学性能，考虑钢绞线丝间摩擦接触和往复滑动行为等因素，基于曲杆理论、Archard磨损理论等，建立了周期弯曲钢绞线丝间摩擦学性能求解模型，采用半解析法实现快速求解，并通过与曲杆理论、有限元仿真结果对比以及磨损试验验证模型有效性，进而研究钢绞线丝间磨损深度、摩擦接触滑移等摩擦学性能参数的分布规律，分析载荷幅值、几何结构以及材料属性等对其丝间摩擦学性能的影响.结果表明：钢绞线丝间磨损发生在弯曲中性层外侧，钢丝未接触或接触但未发生滑移之处不发生磨损；弯曲载荷越大，磨损越严重；侧丝半径、捻角越大，丝间接触压力与接触变形均增大，故而磨损加剧；总磨损深度随钢绞线材料的弹性模量和泊松比增大而增大.     

分形粗糙表面弹塑性接触力学模型

为了建立更为精准的粗糙表面接触模型,基于分形理论提出一种修正的弹塑性接触模型,该模型同时考虑了微凸体的弹性、弹塑性、完全塑性三种变形状态;建立了临界第一弹塑性接触面积、临界第二弹塑性接触面积与临界弹性接触面积之间的关系,分别推导出三种变形阶段的接触载荷与接触面积之间的关系式;结合海洋岛屿面积分布密度函数,获得了接触表面上总接触载荷与真实接触面积之间的表达式。计算结果表明:单个微凸体的临界弹性接触面积不但与材料属性和分形参数有关,也与微凸体的尺寸有关;分形参数一定时,随着接触载荷的增大,真实接触面积也在增大,弹性接触面积与真实接触面积的比值逐渐减小。该模型的建立为进一步研究粗糙表面的摩擦、磨损、润滑提供了理论依据。     

载荷和电压对纯铜滚动载流摩擦学性能的影响

基于FTM-CF100型滚动载流摩擦试验机,研究了纯铜滚动载流摩擦副在不同载荷和外加电压下的性能变化规律,并利用扫描电子显微镜、白光干涉三维形貌仪等对摩擦表面进行微观分析,揭示了稳态运行时性能变化的机理.研究表明:增加载荷和增加电压均促进粗糙接触表面发生形变,真实接触面积的增加降低了接触电阻,摩擦区域粗糙度的改善提高了动态摩擦系数和动态电阻的稳定性.但电阻热促进材料黏着,因而同一载荷下载流摩擦系数高于单纯机械摩擦系数,且随外加电压的增加持续增加.     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF TWO-POINT CONTACT BETWEEN WHEEL AND RAIL

The elastic-plastic contact problem with rolling friction of wheel-rail is solved using the FE parametric quadratic programming method. Thus, the complex elastic-plastic contact problem can be calculated with high accuracy and efficiency, while the Hertz＇s hypothesis and the elastic semi-space assumption are avoided. Based on the ‘one-point＇ contact calculation of wheel-rail, the computational model of ‘two-point＇ contact are established and calculated when the wheel flange is close to the rail. In the case of ‘two-point＇ contact, the changing laws of wheelrail contact are introduced and contact forces in various load cases are carefully analyzed. The main reason of wheel flange wear and rail side wear is found. Lubrication computational model of the wheel flange is constructed. Comparing with the result without lubrication, the contact force between wheel flange and rail decreases, which is beneficial for reducing the wear of wheel-rail.     

基于有限元法的轮轨蠕滑特性研究

轮轨滚动接触蠕滑率／力理论是轮轨相互作用一系列问题研究的基础．现有的几种计算蠕滑力的理论模型均建立在Hertz接触条件和半空间假设的基础上，已经无法完成对复杂的接触问题的进一步研究．使用有限元参数二次规划法来求解轮轨的三维弹性／弹塑性接触问题，得出了在不同的轴重、牵引力矩、摩擦系数、踏面形状、横向力条件下的轮轨接触力．提出用轮轨接触的轮周位移计算蠕滑率的新方法，并对在各种参数下所得到的蠕滑率进行了分析比较．     

三维轮轨法向接触力学行为弹塑性理论分析

基于Hertz接触理论和双线性强化模型,建立了轮轨法向接触弹塑性理论分析模型,分析了轮轨法向接触力学响应特征,讨论了轴重对接触压力和接触变形的影响规律。同时,基于三维轮轨接触有限元模型模拟了轮轨接触力学行为,并引入理论误差系数分析了弹性模型和双线性强化模型对轮轨接触力学响应预测结果的差异性。结果表明,轮轨最大接触压力和接触变形量均随轴重的增大而增大;双线性强化模型的理论误差系数较小,采用双线性强化分析模型能较准确地预测轮轨接触弹塑性力学行为。研究结果可为轮轨系统安全服役和损伤评估提供理论和技术支持。     

Non-steady-state elastic–plastic behavior of metal forming (rolling) with a generalized friction law

An analytical and generalized friction law is formulated and a three-dimensional large-strain non-steady-state elastic–plastic finite element analysis has been performed for rolling process. The contact/friction problem at the interface between the workpiece and the rolls is treated rigorously by using this new friction law. The numerical results, including the evolutions of roll torque and roll forces, and the interfacial normal and shear stresses, are presented and discussed.     

自适应无网格法在生物涂层接触问题中的应用

自适应无网格法是针对有限元法无法求解或者不易求解的复杂问题,利用无网格法节点排布灵活、易于增删节点、便于自适应分析等优点发展起来的. 在对自适应无网格法理论基础和发展进行总结基础上,采用基于应变能梯度的自适应无网格—— 有限元耦合方法,对等离子喷涂制备的HA 生物涂层材料的无摩擦接触问题进行分析,对制备的两种不同厚度的生物涂层材料进行求解,分别给出了von Mises 应力分布云图. 结果表明,自适应无网格法能较好地应用于生物涂层接触问题中.     

复合地基承载特性的弹塑性分析

对桩及承台采用线弹性有限元模型,对承台下桩周土采用弹塑性有限元模型,对群桩以外的土体采用线弹性无限元模型,在桩土接触面上设置接触面单元,利用三维弹塑性有限元对桩%D土%D承台相互作用进行了分析。得出了如下结论 :承台下桩顶反力总体表现出角桩最大,边桩次之,中桩最小的分布规律,随着作用在承台上的荷载增大,桩顶反力趋于均匀分布,承台下桩侧摩阻力是由桩端向桩顶逐渐发展的,承台对桩上部侧摩擦阻力存在“削弱作用”。为了验证本文方法的可行性,对承台下有九桩的情况进行了静载试验,将试验结果与本文计算结果进行了比较。     

Development of a solution method for frictional contact problems with complex loading

In this work, solution methods for frictional contact problems are extended to the case of moving punches and to the external loading history-dependent system states. To solve the frictional contact problems in the contact area, an iterative method is developed and implemented. Solutions of two-dimensional problems are constructed using the boundary element method. Numerical analysis is aimed at the quantitative study of effects such as the interaction of contact pressure and friction forces, estimates of the friction force differences due to the differences in the choice of local basis for the calculation of normal pressure and friction forces, and evaluation of the effects of complex loading (rotation of the rigid punch after its preliminary penetration into the solid). We find that, for the same definition of the friction force, different initial approximations lead to the same solution. At the same time, the friction forces defined either as projections onto the common tangent plane or as projections onto the plane tangent to the punch can differ quite substantially. Similar conclusions are derived for the solutions corresponding to single or multiple loading steps. The work relies on the variational principle for the solution of contact problems and numerical algorithms developed for the problems with one-sided constraints. The variational principle was first applied by Signorini [1] to the determination of the stress-strain state in a linearly deformed body in a rigid smooth shell. The modern view of the problem and its generalizations to the frictional problems and some other problems involving unilateral constraints in given in the monograph [2]. Finite difference and finite element methods in application to the problems with unilateral constraints are described in [3]. Analytical solution methods are developed in the monographs [4–6].     

Pseudo-random number generator based on discrete-space chaotic map

This paper describes an efficient method to predict the nonlinear steady-state response of a complex structure with multi-scattered friction contacts. The contact friction force is equivalent to additional stiffness and damping based on optimal approximation theory, and as a consequence, the computation is simplified greatly by the linearization for a nonlinear system. In order to obtain accurate pressure distribution on the contact interfaces, the dynamic contact normal pressure is obtained by the equivalent static analysis which is validated for most engineering cases. Considering the complex procedure to determine the transformation between two different contact states, the differential forms of friction force are given to solve the tangential force accurately under the complex movement of interfaces. The approaches developed in this paper are particularly suitable to solve the dynamic response of large-scale structures with local contact nonlinearities. The entire procedure to calculate the steady-state response of a finite element model with a large number of degrees of freedom is demonstrated taking the blades with underplatform dampers as an example. The method is proved to be accurate and efficient; in particular, it does not suffer convergence problem in the allowable range of precision error, which exhibits remarkable potential engineering application values.     

板材冲压成形有限元数值模拟界面摩擦约束处理方法

基于弹塑性大变形板材冲压成形增量有限元法,采用线性弹簧单元提出一种空间三维板材冲压成形等效界面摩擦力的处理方法.这种方法的优点是可以反映界面摩擦力的同步、被动产生效果,同时它还可以保证约束后刚度矩阵的对称性.将提出的摩擦约束处理算法引入自主开发的板材成形模拟软件FASTAMP,计算了汽车油底壳的成形过程,计算结果的厚度分布与实际冲压件吻合比较好,验证了等效界面摩擦力约束处理方法的有效性.