全保护RGD三肽的合成方法研究

以两条路线、多种偶联试剂(DCC，EDCI，CDI，EEDQ)合成了全保护三肽Arg- Gly-Asp(RGD)．Boc-Arg(Tos)-OH经上述偶联剂短时活化，于合适条件下与Ts0H- G1y-OBzl缩合，均获得良好收率(43％-97％)．经Pd(OH)2／H2还原得到的Boc-Arg (Tos)-G1y-0H于22-27℃与HCl·Asp(OcHex)-OBzl偶联得到全保护三肽Boc-Arg (Tos)-Gly-Asp(OcHex)-OBzl(TM)，反应收率分别为76．4％(DCC／HOSu)，64．7％ -78．3％(DCC／HOBt)，66．7％-77．9％(EDCI／HOBt)．Boc-Gly-OH和HCl·Asp- (OcHex)-OBzl经DCC／HOBt或CDI活化，可得到碳端二肽Boc-Gly-Asp(OcHex)-OBzl (收率分别为81．2％，89．5％)，该二肽脱Boc后与Boc-Asp(Tos)-OH反应，经DCC ／HOBt，EDCI／HOBt，CDI，DCC／HOSu活化，均可生成目标分子TM，其反应收率分 别为40．4％，73．8％，67．8％，84．4％．     

新型反相/强阴离子交换混合模式材料用于磷酸化肽富集

建立了新型反相/强阴离子交换混合模式材料(C18/SAX)的磷酸化肽富集方法.考察了流动相组成(乙腈浓度、甲酸浓度、缓冲盐浓度)对酪蛋白(α-Casein)酶解液中磷酸化肽分离选择性的影响.实验结果表明,磷酸化肽在C18/SAX上的保留行为受疏水和离子交换作用力的共同调控,单磷酸化肽先于多磷酸化肽从材料上洗脱出来.随着甲酸浓度增加,磷酸化肽的保留减弱;随着盐浓度增加,磷酸化肽保留变小.采用优化后的流动相,建立以20％ ACN/20 mmol/L NH4Ac作为上样溶液,20％ ACN/0.1％ FA和50％ ACN/100 mmol/L NH4Ac/2％ FA分别作为洗脱液分段洗脱单、多磷酸化肽的方法.以α-Casein和人血清白蛋白(HSA)酶解液的混合溶液(1∶20,n/n)作为模拟样品,实现了单、多磷酸化肽的同时富集和分段洗脱,分别检测到4条单磷酸化肽和14条多磷酸化肽的信号.将本方法用于牛奶中的磷酸化肽检测,共鉴定到4条单磷酸化肽和8条多磷酸化肽信号.结果表明,本富集方法选择性高,有良好的应用前景.     

水溶性五加成二甘肽C60衍生物的合成

通过伯氨氢原子在一定条件下发生α－消除得到活性中间体氮烯的方法，合成了水溶性五加成C60二甘肽衍生物，产率12．3％。     

类肽与金属蛋白酶抑制剂类抗肿瘤药物研究进展

类肽作为天然活性肽的结构或功能模拟物,具有3个优点：一是能够保留天然肽的底物功能,二是可改善其代谢性质,三是可提高其作用的靶向专一性等特点．高活性的类肽分子设计可通过构象限定、结构改造和非肽模拟物设计的构思等多种手段实现．目前肿瘤化疗药物开发的研究热点已由细胞毒药物转向靶向治疗药物,在肿瘤发生发展过程中起关键作用的许多蛋白酶和肽酶陆续被发现,因此类肽作为潜在的肿瘤化疗药物已倍受关注,而如何设计具有抗肿瘤活性的小分子类肽酶抑制剂则已成为研究的热点．本课题组多年来一直致力于研究开发APN、MMPs及HDACs的小分子类肽抑制剂作为靶向抗肿瘤药物先导物．这三种锌离子依赖性金属蛋白酶在肿瘤的生长侵袭转移、血管生成和基质降解等发展进程中起着关键作用,靶向于该类生物靶点的小分子类肽抑制剂具有开发成为高选择性抗肿瘤药物的巨大潜力．     

基于药效团的血管紧张素转换酶抑制肽的结构优化

采用Discovery Studio2．0中的药效团模型生成方法,产生了基于化学特征的ACE抑制肽的药效团模型．所选择的认为最好的药效团模型（Hypo1）含有5个化学特征（1个阴离子中心、1个氢键受体、1个氢键给体、2个疏水中心）．我们先前采用实验的方法,从蚕蛹蛋白中获得具有ACE抑制活性的六肽分子,本文结合产生的ACE抑制肽药效团模型和分子对接研究,对该六肽分子进行结构优化,以识别六肽中对ACE抑制活性起关键作用的结构部分．结果显示,药效团模型的方法可有效用于ACE抑制肽的结构优化．     

姬松茸低聚肽的制备及性质

采用超临界CO2萃取对姬松茸进行脱脂处理后, 用微波提取姬松茸多糖, 以脱脂脱多糖的姬松茸为原料, 采用双酶法制取姬松茸低聚肽, 并对姬松茸低聚肽的抗氧化能力进行了研究. 结果表明, Alcalase 2.4L碱性蛋白酶的最佳酶解条件为: pH=8.5, 温度55 ℃, 酶解时间2 h, 底物浓度5％, 酶用量1.5％, 肽得率为74.7%. Flavourzyme风味蛋白酶最佳酶解的条件为: pH=7.0, 温度50 ℃, 时间1.5 h, 酶用量为4％, 最终肽得率为80.6%. 姬松茸低聚肽分子量集中在5600以下, 人体必需氨基酸含量为50.91%(质量分数). 姬松茸低聚肽对邻苯三酚自氧化具有明显的抑制作用, 抑制率为35.6%.     

带喷头混合型毛细管色谱柱的制备及其在蛋白质组分离分析中的应用

本研究制备了一种应用于液-质联用（LC-MS）系统中的带喷头混合型毛细管色谱柱．用标准蛋白和酵母蛋白胰蛋白酶酶切溶液考察了其在LC—MS中的离子化效率、毛细管色谱柱分离性能和寿命,并与直接填充型毛细管色谱柱的色谱性能进行比较,未见显著性差异．将制备的带喷头混合型毛细管色谱柱应用于鼠肝蛋白组的分析,在假阳性率为1％的条件下鉴定到1262个肽段,归属于513个蛋白簇．通过对鉴定蛋白质理化性能的统计分析,其等电点和分子量分布高于一般两维凝胶电泳的范围．实验结果还表明该混合型毛细管色谱柱在肽段的理化性能上没有偏性,可以广泛应用于蛋白质组学的研究中．     

B链羧端去三肽(B28～B30)胰岛素晶体结构

采用悬滴气相扩散法，获得了Ｂ链羧端去三肽胰岛素３种晶型的单晶体，其中 晶型１属于Ｐ２_1空间群，晶胞参数为ａ＝４．７７ ｎｍ，ｂ＝６．１９ ｎｍ，ｃ＝６．１２ ｎｍ，β＝１１０．３°；晶 型２属于Ｐ４_１２２或Ｐ４_３２２空间群，晶胞参数为ａ＝ ６．４５ ｎｍ， ｃ＝ １２．０７ ｎｍ；晶型３属于 Ｐ２_１２_１２_１空间群，晶胞参数为 ａ＝ ４．９８ ｎｍ， ｂ＝ ５．１６ ｎｍ， ｃ＝ １０．０６ ｎｍ．采用分子置换法， 测定并精化了 Ｂ链羧端去三肽胰岛素晶型１的 ０．２３ ｎｍ分辨率晶体结构．最终模型的 Ｒ 因子为１８．８％，键长和键角与标准键长和键角的均方根偏差分别为０．００１５ ｎｍ和３．３°． 晶体结构的结果表明， Ｂ链羧瑞去三肽胰岛素失去了对缔合有重要作用的 Ｂ２８ Ｐｒｏ后， 虽然仍能形成六聚体，但表现出比天然胰岛素更易解聚的结构变化。     

N－羟基琥珀酰亚胺－α－萘乙酸酯（SINA）为柱前衍生试剂反相高效液相色谱分离测定肽及其水解产物

以自行合成的丁二酰亚胺羧酸活性酯类试剂Ｎ－羟基琥珀酰亚胺－α－萘乙酸酯为柱前衍生试剂，用反相高效液相色谱分离测定了谷胱甘肽、三甘肽、二甘肽及谷氨酸、胱氨酸、甘氨酸，在Ｃ１８柱上，采用的流动相为含１５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ、ｐＨ＝５．４的醋酸－醋酸钠缓冲溶液和３％的乙酸乙酯的甲醇－水（１７／８０，体积比）溶液，１６ｍｉｎ内６种衍生物得到完全分离，当信噪比为３：１时，检测限达ｐｍｏｌ级，重现性良好．     

正交轴逆流色谱法对标准蛋白及中等分子量大豆肽的分离

本文报道分别以12．5％PEG8000-25％磷酸氢二钾(质量比1：1)的溶剂系统，以及正丁醇：三氟乙酸：水(120：1：160，V／V)的溶剂系统，用下相作流动相，上相作固定相，采用500r／min的转速和1mL／min流动相流速对标准蛋白质及大豆肽进行分离。在分离度损失不大的基础上提高了进样量，证明了正交轴逆流色谱法用于制备的有效性。为采用正交轴逆流色谱法分离制备天然生物肽提供了可选择的方法。     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

氢气在炭狭缝微孔内吸附的预测

通过边界的平均场近似,推导二平板狭缝孔格子理论Ono-Kondo吸附等温方程.利用格子气模型特性和微观物理学理论,计算氢分子在石墨平面的最大吸附容量.比较由氢分子在石墨平面二典型聚集状态标定的Ono-Kondo方程,并用预测精度较高的方程计算了与文献相同条件下的吸附等温线.在比较了计算结果、试验结果和GCMC分子模拟结果后,对Ono-Kondo吸附等温方程的特点、理论基础作了分析,指出了方程的适用范围.     

液晶聚合物/柔性链聚合物共混体系相分离形态

利用元胞动力学方法在二维情况下对浓度、取向序参量的含时Ginzberg-Landau方程进行数值求解,研究了液晶聚合物/柔性链聚合物共混体系的相分离动力学,考察了浓度、取向有序过程的耦合对相分离形态的影响.结果表明,此耦合作用对相分离的时间进程以及相分离图样的空间排布都有影响.液晶聚合物的取向有序相当于增加了两组分间的不相容性而促进两相分离;两个序参量在热力学方面的耦合使液晶聚合物趋向于沿着界面方向取向,而动力学方面的耦合使液晶聚合物分子沿着其取向方向扩散,相分离图样的空间排布由这两种效应共同决定通过极化率张量的定义用数值方法模拟得到了相分离体系的小角光散射图样,结果表明,散射强度分布具有方位角依赖性,它是由浓度、取向序参量的空间变化共同决定的.     

LOW DENSITY POLYETHYLENE/CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES MODIFIED BY ETHYLENE COPOLYMERS： EFFECTS OF FUNCTIONALIZED SEGMENTS ON MORPHOLOGY

Melt extrusion was used to prepare binary nanocomposites of ethylene copolymers and organoclay and trinary nanocomposites of low-density polyethylene （LDPE）, ethylene copolymer and organoclay. X-ray diffraction （XRD） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM） were used to analyze the structure of the clay phase and the morphology of the nanocomposites. Influences of the comonomer in the copolymer and the content of the copolymer on the morphology of the resulting nanocomposites were discussed. The binary and the trinary composites may form intercalated or exfoliated structures depending on the interaction between the copolymer and the clay layers and the content of the copolymer.     

Bimodality of molecular mass distribution of polydienes obtained under the action of dilithium initiators in hydrocarbon media: the reasons,mathematical simulations,and their experimental testing

Bimodal molecular mass distribution (MWD) of polymers, obtained upon polymerization of hydrocarbon monomers in the nonpolar media under the action of dilithium initiators, is the consequence of separation of the reaction mixture into two phases. Bifunctional /living/ oligomers produce the insoluble sediment due to tetrameric association of the lithium active sites (the swollen gel-fraction). Part of the active site remains in the solution (the solfraction). Difference in the concentrations of the active sites into the phases leads to difference between the propagation rates of the /living/ chains and, as a result, to Bimodal MWD. The mathematical model of polymerization in the two-phase system is proposed. Satisfactory agreement between the calculations and the experiments is shown for butadiene polymerization in heptane under the action of 1,4-dilithiumpentane. Regulation of MWD up to the complete elimination of bimodality is possible via the programmed dosage of monomer and solvent into the reactor.     

Investigations of the Mechanism of Alternating Copolymerization with Charge-Transfer Interaction of the Monomers

The applicability of the method of Giese to the measurement of the influence of monomer reactivity is examined. The reaction of alkyl mercuric salts with sodium borohydride permits the production of alkyl (cyclohexyl and butyl) radicals. Since hydrogen radicals are present in high concentration, the addition of alkenes to the reaction mixture leads to radicals from the alkenes. Further addition of alkene (polymerization) can be nearly completely excluded in this way. The composition of the reaction products is determined by gas chromatography. The addition rate of the alkenes relative to styrene allows correlation with the e value of the Q-e scheme of Alfrey and Price. The method answers the question of how far addition of the monomer complex occurs in one step or as separate addition of both monomers during copolymerization in the presence of charge-transfer (CT) complexes of the monomers. The investigations are performed by using the styrene/acrylonitrile/ZnCl₂system, and it is demonstrated that the reactivity of the complexed     

Properties of aqueous solution of sodium glycocholate and a nonionic surfactant,and their mixtures

The micellar properties of aqueous binary mixed solutions of sodium glycocholate, NaGC, and octa-oxyethylene glycol mono-n-decyl ether, C₁₀E₈, have been studied on the basis of surface tensions, the mean aggregation number and the polarity of the interior of the micelles. The mean aggregation number, measured by steady state quenching method, decreased with the increase of the mole fraction of NaGC in the mixed system. The polarity of the interior, estimated by the ratio of first and third vibronic peak in a monomeric pyrene fluorescence emission spectrum, suggested that the hydrophobicity of intramicelles increased with the increase of the mole fraction of NaGC in the mixed system. These are considered to be caused by the differences in the chemical structure and the hydrophobic nature between NaGC and C₁₀E₈. The mean aggregation number and the polarity of the interior for each micelle near the CMC in lower total concentration of surfactants showed the tendency approaching those of pure micelle of the nonionic surfactant. This suggests that the ratio of NaGC in the initial micelles in the range of lower total concentration near the CMC is lower than that of the corresponding prepared mole fraction in the mixed system. This lower value was confirmed also from theoretical calculation of the ratio of NaGC at the CMC in the mixed micelle by regular solution treatment of Rubingh in the solution.     

Chain dynamic parameters for some acrylic polymers

The dielectric relaxation data of Ishida et al. on a number of acrylic polymers are represented in terms of the relaxation function proposed by Havriliak and Negami using the multi-response techniques developed by Havriliak and Watts. Two of the parameters of this function are interpreted in terms of a temperature dependent distribution of relaxation times. In this method of interpretation the breadth of the distribution function is temperature-dependent while the skewness is not. The temperature dependence of the breadth of the distribution function is similar for most of these acrylic polymers.The parameters of the relaxation function are also interpreted in terms of Mansfield's model which represents intra- and inter-molecular interactions in terms of springs and dash pots. Briefly, increasing the side chain length for the methacrylate series increases the inter-molecular relaxation time which may be due to an increase in the entropy of activation for the orientation process. The difference between the one acrylate in this study and the four methacrylates of the series is a reduction in the intra-molecular relaxation time, apparently due to the lack of the alpha methyl group.     

Reliability and uncertainty in the estimation of p<Emphasis Type="Italic">K</Emphasis><Subscript>a</Subscript> by least squares nonlinear regression analysis of multiwavelength spectrophotometric pH titration data

When drugs are poorly soluble then, instead of the potentiometric determination of dissociation constants, pH-spectrophotometric titration can be used along with nonlinear regression of the absorbance response surface data. Generally, regression models are extremely useful for extracting the essential features from a multiwavelength set of data. Regression diagnostics represent procedures for examining the regression triplet (data, model, method) in order to check (a) the data quality for a proposed model; (b) the model quality for a given set of data; and (c) that all of the assumptions used for least squares hold. In the interactive, PC-assisted diagnosis of data, models and estimation methods, the examination of data quality involves the detection of influential points, outliers and high leverages, that cause many problems when regression fitting the absorbance response hyperplane. All graphically oriented techniques are suitable for the rapid estimation of influential points. The reliability of the dissociation constants for the acid drug silybin may be proven with goodness-of-fit tests of the multiwavelength spectrophotometric pH-titration data. The uncertainty in the measurement of the pK _a of a weak acid obtained by the least squares nonlinear regression analysis of absorption spectra is calculated. The procedure takes into account the drift in pH measurement, the drift in spectral measurement, and all of the drifts in analytical operations, as well as the relative importance of each source of uncertainty. The most important source of uncertainty in the experimental set-up for the example is the uncertainty in the pH measurement. The influences of various sources of uncertainty on the accuracy and precision are discussed using the example of the mixed dissociation constants of silybin, obtained using the SQUAD(84) and SPECFIT/32 regression programs.     

PHONONS IN POLYACENIC CHAINS

We have theoretically resolved phonon excitations in quasi-two-dimensional organic crystals of polyacenic semiconductor material which may be obtained by the pyrolytic treatment of phenol-formaldehyde resin. A model for studying the dynamical properties using three polyacene chains is proposed with the aim to present the vibrational properties of this structure. It employs the formalism of solid states in two dimensions which admit phonons. A simulation process of the two-dimensional lattice structure shows that elastic waves may explain the existence of vibrational modes in the frequency range 100-400 cm-1. The presence of acoustic and optical like phonons is discussed in terms of the elastic force constants. A hyperfine resonance structure is obtained. It allows the analysis of the dynamical evolution in thin films of polyacene. It is found that the behavior of the phonon density of states exhibits resonance between modes in the structure.