BO3－3／Mo－MCM－41的制备及其对2－甲氧基萘乙酰化反应的催化性能

 制备了Mo－MCM－41中孔分子筛，并将BO3－3引入到分子筛中制得BO3－3／Mo－MCM－41催化剂．采用XRD，FT－IR，ESR，BET和NH3－TPD对分子筛催化剂的结构及酸强度进行了表征．结果表明，Mo－MCM－41和BO3－3／Mo－MCM－41具有中孔分子筛的特征，有良好的长程有序 性和结晶度；但Mo并未进入分子筛骨架内部而是在分子筛表面以MoO2的形式存在；BO3－3附着于Mo－MCM－41分子筛上形成强酸中心．将BO3－3／Mo－MCM－41用于催化2－甲氧基萘乙酰化反应，考察了催化剂用量、Si／Mo比及BO3－3的引入方式对该反应性能的影响，发现BO3－3／Mo－MCM－41对2－甲氧基萘乙酰化反应具有良好的催化性能．     

以硅胶和三氯化钛为原料合成Ti-MCM-41分子筛 Ⅱ. Ti-MCM-41分子筛的表征

 利用N2吸附,TG－DTA,FT－IR,UV－Vis和UV－Raman光谱等技术对以硅溶胶和TiCl3水溶液为原料合成的中孔Ti－MCM－41分子筛的孔结构和钛的配位状态进行了详细的表征．N2吸附等温线表明,Ti－MCM－41分子筛的孔径比纯硅MCM－41分子筛小,钛的加入使分子筛的单胞体积大大增加,比表面积和孔壁厚度也显著增大．TG－DTA结果表明,Ti－MCM－41分子筛中存在着两种不同的模板剂键合位．FT－IR,UV－Vis及UV－Raman光谱表明,Ti原子存在于分子筛骨架中且以四面体方式配位,没有结晶状态的TiO2形成．     

Ti接枝MCM-41催化剂的结构设计及化学亲和选择性研究

 用二氯化钛茂作为活性物种的来源，利用Si－MCM－41催化剂表面羟基的反应性，得到了Ti接枝MCM－41催化剂的两种结构模型．结构表征结果表明，Ti接枝MCM－41催化剂不仅长程结构好，孔径分布均一，而且催化剂表面活性中心含量高．两种结构模型催化剂上芳烃羟化反应性能表明，Ti接枝MCM－41催化剂表面的亲水／憎水性可以在较宽的范围内调变，从而可实现控制芳烃羟化的化学亲和选择性．另外，研究结果还表明，Ti接枝MCM－41催化剂具有很好的活性稳定性．     

Mn（salen）／Al－MCM－41催化剂的制备及其对苯乙烯环氧化反应的催化性能

 报道了一种用微波固相法制备Mn（salen）／Al－MCM－41催化剂的新方法，并与常规制备方法进行了比较．FT－IR表征结果表明，微波固相方法和常规方法均能成功地将Mn（salen）配合物固载于Al－MCM－41介孔分子筛上，且微波固相法制备的Mn（salen）／Al－MCM－41催化剂在1448cm－1处具有更强的吸收带．比较了不同方法制备的催化剂在苯乙烯环氧化反应中的催化性能，发现微波固相法制备的Mn（salen）／Al－MCM－41催化剂具有较高的催化活性和环氧化物选择性．此外，催化剂的性能与制备过程中微波辐射的时间有关．考察了反应时间和反应温度对微波固相法制备的催化剂性能的影响规律，随着反应时间的延长和反应温度的升高，苯乙烯环氧化物的选择性逐渐下降．     

钛硅分子筛在环己酮肟气相贝克曼重排反应中的失活

 对比了不同孔径的钛硅分子筛催化剂Ti－MCM－41（Si／Ti摩尔比＝27）和TS－1（Si／Ti摩尔比＝25）对环己酮肟气相贝克曼重排反应的催化性能，分析了它们在重排反应中的积碳量和孔体积的变化．结果表明，这些钛硅分子筛催化剂的失活主要是由积碳引起的，且积碳速率受催化剂孔径的制约．在重排反应过程中，TS－1催化剂微孔孔道内的积碳量随反应时间线性增加，微孔体积随反应时间线性下降；而二次孔内的积碳量随反应时间呈指数增加，孔体积随反应时间呈指数递减．     

高度隔离过渡金属催化剂及其烯烃环氧化研究

 介绍了过渡金属杂原子分子筛的骨架杂原子表征、用离子注入法和化学嫁接法制备高度隔离过渡金属催化剂及其催化烯烃环氧化研究的结果．基于共振拉曼原理,用紫外共振拉曼光谱明确鉴别了TS－1,Fe－ZSM－5和V－MCM－41等分子筛中的骨架杂原子．用离子注入法和化学嫁接法制得具有高度隔离过渡金属离子的非杂原子分子筛催化剂．烯烃环氧化反应结果表明,所制得的催化剂显示出优良的催化性能．     

介孔Ti-MCM-41在苯乙烯氧化反应中的催化性能

以MCM-41为骨架,以无机钛源Ti(SO4)2为原料成功合成了不同Ti含量的Ti-MCM-41样品,并考察了它们在H2O2氧化苯乙烯反应中的催化性能,研究了溶剂和Ti含量等因素对其催化性能的影响.结果表明,该反应主要产物为苯甲醛,苯乙烯转化率和苯甲醛收率均随骨架Ti含量增加而增加;催化剂中钛含量相近时,孔径的减小能够改善其催化性能;反应体系的合适溶剂应具有一定极性,如乙腈;降低溶剂极性和H2O2浓度可减少苯乙烯的进一步氧化,从而适当增加了苯乙醛和环氧苯乙烷选择性.     

Ti-MCM-41催化剂的表面性质及介质极性对

用不同的铝源改性Ti MCM 41催化剂 ,得到了具有长程有序结构、n(Si) /n(Ti) =2 5的不同Si/Al比的改性Ti MCM 41.通过研究芳烃羟化反应随催化剂表面性质的变化规律发现 ,调变催化剂的表面性质 ,可控制反应物苯及目的产物苯酚与Al Ti MCM 41催化活性中心接近的程度 ,从而可实现对芳烃羟化反应化学选择性的控制 .介质极性对芳烃的化学亲和选择性也有影响 ,只有富含供电子氧原子且其极性大于苯的介质才有利于芳烃的羟化反应     

Fe（Ⅲ）APO分子筛在芳香族化合物氧化反应中的催化活性

 Fe取代系列磷酸铝分子筛（FeAlPO4－5，FeAlPO4－11和FeVPI－5）在催化氧化芳香族化合物反应（如苯酚和苯的羟化、苯乙烯的环氧化以及萘酚的氧化）中具有很高的活性．系统研究的数据显示，在苯酚和苯的羟化及苯乙烯的环氧化反应中，FeAlPO4－5及FeAlPO4－11的活性与TS－1催化剂相近；在大分子萘酚的氧化反应中，FeVPI－5具有较高的活性，而小孔的TS－1则没有活性．比较不同催化剂的活性结果表明，骨架中的Fe（Ⅲ）是催化剂的活性中心．     

TiO2修饰MCM-41的结构表征及光催化苯酚降解活性

 以钛酸丁酯为前驱体,合成了呈单层和双层分散状态的TiO2修饰的介孔分子筛MCM－41．用XRD,液氮温度下N2吸附－脱附曲线,FT－IR和固体UV－Vis漫反射等手段对其结构特征和氧化钛分散状态进行了表征．以苯酚降解为模型反应,考察了具有光催化活性的TiO2修饰的MCM－41的光催化活性．     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。