活性炭表面基团的定性和定量分析

利用过硫酸铵对石油焦基活性炭进行了氧化处理, 并使用元素分析、 傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、 带质谱检测的程序升温脱附(TPD-MS)、 X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和X射线吸收近边结构(XANES)等方法对样品进行了分析和表征, 并对不同表征方法所得结果进行了对比分析. 结果表明, 元素分析所得结果与TPD-MS分析结果较吻合, XPS和XANES分析所得含氧量结果偏小.     

三角波交流示波极谱的研究(Ⅰ)——示波极谱图的性质

用三角波电流代替正弦波电流,进行交流示波极谱滴定,所得示波极谱图与正弦波结果相似。对一些离子的滴定表明,两法所得结果均在定量分析允许误差范围以内。报道了三角波交流示波极谱图的一些性质。     

因子分析-导数光度法同时测定苯酚、间苯二酚、对苯二酚混合体系的比较

同时采集多事体系的紫外基谱和一阶导数光谱数据,用因子分析技术地两套数据进行分析对比,结果表明一阶导数光谱数据经因子分析法同时测定混合多酚所得结果明显优于基本光谱数据经因子分析法所得结果,具有明显的消除背景干扰,提高灵敏度等优点。     

The Geometry, Vibrational Frequencies and Thermodynamic Properties of Naphthalene Based on ab initio Calculation

采用ａｂｉｎｉｔｉｏ方法，在ＨＦ／６３１Ｇ水平下计算了萘的几何构型和振动频率．计算所得几何构型和转动惯量与实验结果相符良好．计算所得振动频率平均比实验结果大９．５％左右；经校正（校正系数０．９０５）的计算频率与实验结果很接近．用校正后的频率计算所得不同温度下的热力学性质如标准熵、标准热容等与实验结果相吻合．     

酸量法及碘量法测定氧化葡聚糖的醛基

通过高碘酸钠氧化葡聚糖,制备不同氧化度的葡聚糖,采用酸量法和碘量法测定其醛基含量,但所得结果差异大.结合葡聚糖的氧化机理,以甘油的氧化反应结果作为对照,对借助化学滴定分析的酸量法和碘量法所得数据的差异性进行了分析.结果表明这种差异是由葡聚糖氧化存在的中间反应及其分支结构造成的,当高碘酸钠与葡聚糖的糖单元的物质的量比控制在2以内,操作简单的酸量法所得结果是可靠的.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定高纯铌中20种痕量杂质元素北大核心CSCD

高纯铌样品0.050 0g中加入适量的水,缓慢加入1mL氢氟酸和2mL硝酸,低温加热使其溶解,冷却至室温,用水定容至100mL。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定所得溶液中20种痕量杂质元素,以内标法定量。结果表明:20种元素的检出限(3s)为0.005～0.20μg·g-1,回收率为95.0%～110%。按所提出方法分析铌锭样品,所得结果与辉光放电质谱法所得结果相符。     

岩浆演化问题的一种解法

岩浆演化问题在数学上是个非线性不定常问题。求解这类问题比较困难,而数值求解比较繁琐、费时。本文引入微小时间间隔内线性不定常热传导方程的瞬时点源解法,用此法计算所得结果与数值计算所得结果一致。这表明采用此法为求解非线性不定常热传导问题提供了一种简便的求解途径。     

运用手持技术测量丙酮摩尔质量

运用手持技术测定丙酮摩尔质量,改进后装置简易、操作方便,所得结果准确。     

凝固点降低法测定摩尔质量实验装置的改进

对凝固点降低法测定摩尔质量的实验装置进行了改进。改进后操作简单,所得结果准确。     

测定含甲基丙烯酰氧端基大分子单体分子量的新方法

建立了用紫外分光光度法测定含甲基丙烯酰氧端基大分子单体数均分子量的新方法 .在本实验条件下 ,以 95%乙醇∶THF( 7∶3 )为溶剂 ,在最大吸收波长 2 1 3nm处对含甲基丙烯酰氧端基的聚四氢呋喃大分子单体进行定量分析 ,所得结果与端基滴定分析法所得结果最大相对误差小于± 5% ,用t检验法对两法测定结果差别进行显著性检验 ,两法所得结果差别无显著意义 .紫外分光光度法可成为一种表征含甲基丙烯酰氧端基大分子单体数均分子量的方便方法 .     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。