On some number-theoretic conjectures of V. Arnold

In [1], V.I. Arnold conjectured “the matrix Euler congruence” for any integer matrix A, prime p, and natural number n. He proved it for p ≤ 5, n ≤ 4. In fact the conjecture immediately follows from a result of C.J. Smyth [5]. We give a simple proof of this result and discuss a related conjecture of Arnold concerning some congruences for multinomial coefficients.     

Laumon spaces and the Calogero-Sutherland integrable system

This paper contains a proof of a conjecture of Braverman concerning Laumon quasiflag spaces. We consider the generating function Z(m), whose coefficients are the integrals of the equivariant Chern polynomial (with variable m) of the tangent bundles of the Laumon spaces. We prove Braverman’s conjecture, which states that Z(m) coincides with the eigenfunction of the Calogero-Sutherland hamiltonian, up to a simple factor which we specify. This conjecture was inspired by the work of Nekrasov in the affine [^( \mathfrak sl)]_n\widehat{ {\mathfrak {sl}}}_{n} setting, where a similar conjecture is still open.     

The Feichtinger Conjecture for Reproducing Kernels in Model Subspaces

We obtain two results concerning the Feichtinger conjecture for systems of normalized reproducing kernels in the model subspace K _Θ=H ²⊖ΘH ² of the Hardy space H ², where Θ is an inner function. First, we verify the Feichtinger conjecture for the kernels [(k)\tilde]_ln=k_ln/||k_ln||\tilde{k}_{\lambda_{n}}=k_{\lambda_{n}}/\|k_{\lambda _{n}}\| under the assumption that sup  _n |Θ(λ _n )|<1. Second, we prove the Feichtinger conjecture in the case where Θ is a one-component inner function, meaning that the set {z:|Θ(z)|<ε} is connected for some ε∈(0,1).     

Dvoretzky Type Theorems for Multivariate Polynomials and Sections of Convex Bodies

In this paper we prove the Gromov–Milman conjecture (the Dvoretzky type theorem) for homogeneous polynomials on \mathbbRⁿ{\mathbb{R}^{n}}, and improve bounds on the number n(d, k) in the analogous conjecture for odd degrees d (this case is known as the Birch theorem) and complex polynomials.     

Estimates on Conjectures of Minkowski and woods

Let ℝ ⁿ be the n-dimensional Euclidean space. Let ∧ be a lattice of determinant 1 such that there is a sphere |X| < R which contains no point of ∧ other than the origin O and has n linearly independent points of ∧ on its boundary. A well known conjecture in the geometry of numbers asserts that any closed sphere in ℝ ⁿ of radius $ \sqrt {n/4} $ \sqrt {n/4} contains a point of ∧. This is known to be true for n ≤ 8. Here we give estimates on a more general conjecture of Woods for n ≥ 9. This leads to an improvement for 9 ≤ n ≤ 22 on estimates of Il’in (1991) to the long standing conjecture of Minkowski on product of n non-homogeneous linear forms.     

Mixed Hodge polynomials of character varieties

We calculate the E-polynomials of certain twisted GL(n,ℂ)-character varieties of Riemann surfaces by counting points over finite fields using the character table of the finite group of Lie-type and a theorem proved in the appendix by N. Katz. We deduce from this calculation several geometric results, for example, the value of the topological Euler characteristic of the associated PGL(n,ℂ)-character variety. The calculation also leads to several conjectures about the cohomology of : an explicit conjecture for its mixed Hodge polynomial; a conjectured curious hard Lefschetz theorem and a conjecture relating the pure part to absolutely indecomposable representations of a certain quiver. We prove these conjectures for n=2.     

Three-Color Ramsey Numbers For Paths

We prove—for sufficiently large n—the following conjecture of Faudree and Schelp:

ON THE CROSSING NUMBER OF THE COMPLETE TRIPARTITE GRAPH K1,8,n

The well known Zarankiewicz' conjecture is said that the crossing number of the complete bipartite graph K_m,n (m≤ n) is Z(m,n), where Z(m,n)=\lfloor\frac{m}{2}\rfloor\lfloor\frac{m-1}{2}\rfloor\lfloor\frac{n}{2}\rfloor$\lfloor\frac{n-1}{2}\rfloor$ (for any real number x, $\lfloor x\rfloor$ denotes the maximal integer no more than x). Presently, Zarankiewicz' conjecture is proved true only for the case m≤ 6. In this article, the authors prove that if Zarankiewicz' conjecture holds for m≤9, then the crossing number of the complete tripartite graph K_1,8,n is $Z(9, n)+ 12\lfloor\frac{n}{2}\rfloor$.     

On a conjectured inequality of Gautschi and Leopardi for Jacobi polynomials

Motivated by work on positive cubature formulae over the spherical surface, Gautschi and Leopardi conjectured that the inequality holds for α,β > − 1 and n ≥ 1, θ ∈ (0, π), where are the Jacobi polynomials of degree n and parameters (α, β). We settle this conjecture in the special cases where .      

Remarks on the Extremal Functions for the Moser-Trudinger Inequality

We will show in this paper that if A is very close to 1, then I（M,λ,m） =supu∈H0^1,n（m）,∫m｜△↓u｜^ndV=1∫Ω（e^αn｜u｜^n/（n-1）-λm∑k=1｜αnun/（n-1）｜k/k!）dV can be attained, where M is a compact-manifold with boundary. This result gives a counter-example to the conjecture of de Figueiredo and Ruf in their paper titled ＂On an inequality by Trudinger and Moser and related elliptic equations＂ （Comm. Pure. Appl. Math., 55, 135-152, 2002）.     

The maximal Abelian dimension of linear algebras formed by strictly upper triangular matrices

We compute the largest dimension of the Abelian Lie subalgebras contained in the Lie algebra of n×n strictly upper triangular matrices, where n ∈ ℕ \ {1}. We do this by proving a conjecture, which we previously advanced, about this dimension. We introduce an algorithm and use it first to study the two simplest particular cases and then to study the general case. __________ Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Matematicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 152, No. 3, pp. 419–429, September, 2007.     

On skew-symmetric and general deformations of Lax pseudodifferential operators

A nonlinear deformation is conjectured for the reduction of the 3^rd KP flow on the subspace of skew-symmetric operators, and the conjecture is proved for the linearized flow. As a by-product, we find a peculiar (nonquantum) polynomial deformation of the numbers , where B _m ’s are the Bernoulli numbers. General open questions and generalizations are also discussed. The conjecture is extended to all the flows, and its linearized version is proved. __________ Translated from Fundamentalnaya i Prikladnaya Matematika (Fundamental and Applied Mathematics), Vol. 12, No. 7, pp. 101–116, 2006.     

A finiteness criterion for the number of rational points for twisted weil elliptic curves

We consider the Weil elliptic curve E/ℚ and let be its canonical L-series. Admitting the Birch-Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture and fixing the curve E, a criterion is given for the finiteness of the group E_D(ℚ) for twisted elliptic curves E_D, defined by the condition

A result on the sum of element orders of a finite group

Let G be a finite group and $$\psi (G)=\sum _{g\in {G}}{o(g)}$$. There are some results about the relation between $$\psi (G)$$ and the structure of G. For instance, it is proved that if G is a group of order n and $$\psi (G)>\dfrac{211}{1617}\psi (C_n)$$, then G is solvable. Herzog et al. in (J Algebra 511:215–226, 2018) put forward the following conjecture: Conjecture. If G is a non-solvable group of order n, then $$\begin{aligned} {\psi (G)}\,{\le }\,{{\dfrac{211}{1617}}{\psi (C_n)}}, \end{aligned}$$with equality if and only if $$G \cong A_5$$. In particular, this inequality holds for all non-Abelian simple groups. In this paper, we prove a modified version of Herzog’s Conjecture.     

A remark on the conjecture of Erdös, Faber and Lovász

The celebrated Erd?s, Faber and Lovász Conjecture may be stated as follows: Any linear hypergraph on ν points has chromatic index at most ν. We show that the conjecture is equivalent to the following assumption: For any graph , where ν(G) denotes the linear intersection number and χ(G) denotes the chromatic number of G. As we will see for any graph G = (V, E), where denotes the complement of G. Hence, at least G or fulfills the conjecture.      

On a problem of K. Mahler: Diophantine approximation and Cantor sets

Let K denote the middle third Cantor set and . Given a real, positive function ψ let denote the set of real numbers x in the unit interval for which there exist infinitely many such that |x − p/q| < ψ(q). The analogue of the Hausdorff measure version of the Duffin–Schaeffer conjecture is established for . One of the consequences of this is that there exist very well approximable numbers, other than Liouville numbers, in K—an assertion attributed to K. Mahler. Explicit examples of irrational numbers satisfying Mahler’s assertion are also given. Dedicated to Maurice Dodson on his retirement—finally!     

Cluster-additive functions on stable translation quivers

Additive functions on translation quivers have played an important role in the representation theory of finite-dimensional algebras, the most prominent ones are the hammock functions introduced by S.?Brenner. When dealing with cluster categories (and cluster-tilted algebras), one should look at a corresponding class of functions defined on stable translation quivers, namely the cluster-additive ones. We conjecture that the cluster-additive functions on a stable translation quiver of Dynkin type $\mathbb{A}_{n}, \mathbb{D}_{n}, \mathbb{E}_{6}, \mathbb {E}_{7}, \mathbb{E}_{8}$ are non-negative linear combinations of cluster-hammock functions (with index set a tilting set). The present paper provides a first study of cluster-additive functions and gives a proof of the conjecture in the case $\mathbb{A}_{n}$ .     

Number fields in fibers: the geometrically abelian case with rational critical values

Let X be an algebraic curve over \({\mathbb {Q}}\) and \({t\in {\mathbb {Q}}(X)}\) a non-constant rational function such that \({{\mathbb {Q}}(X)\ne {\mathbb {Q}}(t)}\). For every \({ n \in {\mathbb {Z}}}\) pick \({P_ n \in X(\bar{{\mathbb {Q}}})}\) such that \({t(P_n)=n}\). We conjecture that, for large N, among the number fields \({\mathbb {Q}}(P_1), \ldots , {\mathbb {Q}}(P_N)\) there are at least cN distinct. We prove this conjecture in the special case when \(\bar{{\mathbb {Q}}}(X)/\bar{{\mathbb {Q}}}(t)\) is an abelian field extension and the critical values of t are all rational. This implies, in particular, that our conjecture follows from a more famous conjecture of Schinzel.     

W6*Sn的交叉数

早在20世纪50年代,Zarankiewicz 猜想完全2-部图K_{m,n}(m\leq n)的交叉数为\lfloor\frac{m}{2}\rfloor\times \lfloor\frac{m-1}{2}\rfloor\times\lfloor\frac{n}{2}\rfloor\times\lfloor\frac{n-1}{2}\rfloor (对任意实数x,\lfloor x\rfloor表示不超过x的最大整数). 目前这一猜想的正确性只证明了当m\leq6时成立. 假定著名的Zarankiewicz的猜想对m=7的情形成立,确定了6-轮W_{6}与星S_{n}的笛卡尔积图的交叉是 cr(W_{6}\times S_{n})=9\lfloor\frac{n}{2}\rfloor\times\lfloor\frac{n-1}{2}\rfloor+2n+5\lfloor\frac{n}{2}\rfloor.