The Burst Time Duration in Micropillar Deformation

Plastic flow of single crystal micropillars proceeds through a sequence of intermittent burst slips. The burst time durations are investigated based on an extended theoretical model which incorporates the observed power-law distribution of burst sizes in compression experiments of micropillars. The results show that the burst time durations exhibit a powerlaw behavior with an exponential cutoff, suggesting the same scaling behaviors as the burst sizes. In addition, the predicted scaling exponent is found to converge to a value of -1.6. It is demonstrated that our results are consistent with the experimental data.     

Theory and signal processing of acoustic correlation techniques for current velocity measurement

A theoretical model and signal processing of acoustic correlation measurements to estimate current velocity are discussed. The sonar space-time correlation function of volume reverberations within Fraunhofer zone is derived. The function, which is in exponential forms, is the theoretical model of acoustic correlation measurements. The characteristics of the correlation values around the maximum of the amplitude of the correlation function, where most information about current velocity is contained, are primarily analyzed. Localized Least Mean Squares （LLMS） criterion is put forward for velocity estimation. Sequential Quadratic Programming （SQP） method is adopted as the optimization method. So the systematic signal processing method of acoustic correlation techniques for current velocity measurement is established. A prototype acoustic correlation current profiler （ACCP） underwent several sea trials, the results show that theoretical model approximately coincides with experimental re- sults. Current profiles including the speed and direction from ACCP are compared with those from acoustic Doppler current profiler （ADCP）. The current profiles by both instruments agree reasonably well. Also, the standard deviation of velocity measurement by ACCP is statistically calculated and it is a little larger than predicted value.     

Numerical study of the scaling of the maximum kinetic energy per unit length for imploding Z-pinch liner

Numerical computation based on a zero-dimensional thin-plasma-shell model has been carried out to study the scaling of the maximum kinetic energy per unit length, the current amplitude and the compression ratio for the imploding Z-pinch liner driven by peaked current pulses. A dimensionless scaling constant of 0.9 with an error less than 10% is extracted at the optimal choice of the current and liner parameters. Deviation of the chosen experimental parameter from the optimal exerts a minor influence on the kinetic energy for wider-shaped and slower-decaying pulses, but the influence becomes significant for narrower-shaped and faster-decaying pulses. The computation is in reasonable agreement with experimental data from the Z, Saturn, Blackjack 5 and Qiangguang-I liners.     

Determination of Scaling Parameter and Dynamical Resonances in Complex-Rotated Hamiltonian Ⅱ： Numerical Analysis

This paper is concerned with the determination of a unique scaling parameter in complex scaling analysis and with accurate calculation of dynamics resonances. In the preceding paper we have presented a theoretical analysis and provided a formalism for dynamical resonance calculations. In this paper we present accurate numerical results for two non-trivial dynamical processes, namely, models of diatomic molecular predissociation and of barrier potential scattering for resonances. The results presented in this paper confirm our theoretical analysis, remove a theoretical ambiguity on determination of the complex scaling parameter, and provide an improved understanding for dynamical resonance calculations in rigged Hilbert space.     

A transient process observation method based on the non-homogeneous Poisson process model

The current-mode-counting method is a new approach to observing transient processes,especially in transient nuclear fusion,based on the non-homogeneous Poisson process(NHPP)model.In this paper,a new measurement process model of the pulsed radiation field produced by transient nuclear fusion is built based on the NHPP.A simulated measurement is performed using the model,and the current signal from the detector is obtained by simulation based on Poisson process thinning.The neutron time spectrum is reconstructed and is in good agreement with the theoretical value,with its maximum error of a characteristic parameter less than 2.3%.Verification experiments were carried out on a CPNG-6 device at the China Institute of Atomic Energy,with a detection system with a nanosecond response time.The experimental charge amplitude spectra are in good agreement with those obtained by the traditional counting mode,and the characteristic parameters of the time spectrum are in good agreement with the theoretical values.This shows that the current-mode-counting method is effective for the observation of transient nuclear fusion processes.     

AMPLITUDE AND PHASE CHARACTERISTICS OF ELEMENTS CLOSELY ARRANGED ON THE CYLINDRICAL ARRAY

The theoretical calculations of the surface pressure amplitude and phase distribution are givenfor an infinitely long cylinder on which the piston elements are closely arranged.The analysis includesthe effects of sound scattering by the cylinder.A generalexpression is derived,which gives the directivityof an element and phase distributions on a circumference of the cylinder for various frequencies.The theoretical results by and large coincide with the measurements.Using the theoretical formulae inthis paper we can provide correct compensations of delay time or amplitude and phase weightingdesired for beam forming in the array design.     

Threshold of Non－Destructive Pulse for Pt Tip of STM on Graphite Surface

The experimental relationship between width and amplitude of the non-destructive threshold pulse for Pt tip of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) on graphite surface have been studied strictly and systematically in a wide range of pulse width for the first time. The threshold curve of amplitude versus width indicates that the amplitude of threshold pulse will increase with the decrease of the pulse width. A more rigorous explanation is suggested to interpret the dependence of threshold pulse amplitude on width. Fitted with the experimental data,a new empirical formula is given, extrapolated from which the threshold pulse amplitude will rise to 50 V when the pulse width decreases to 10ns.     

Convection and correlation of coherent structure in turbulent boundary layer using tomographic particle image velocimetry

The present experimental work focuses on a new model for space–time correlation and the scale-dependencies of convection velocity and sweep velocity in turbulent boundary layer over a flat wall. A turbulent boundary layer flow at Reθ= 2460 is measured by tomographic particle image velocimetry(tomographic PIV). It is demonstrated that arch, cane,and hairpin vortices are dominant in the logarithmic layer. Hairpins and hairpin packets are responsible for the elongated low-momentum zones observed in the instantaneous flow field. The conditionally-averaged coherent structures systemically illustrate the key roles of hairpin vortice in the turbulence dynamic events, such as ejection and sweep events and energy transport. The space–time correlations of instantaneous streamwise fluctuation velocity are calculated and confirm the new elliptic model for the space–time correlation instead of Taylor hypothesis. The convection velocities derived from the space–time correlation and conditionally-averaged method both suggest the scaling with the local mean velocity in the logarithmic layer. Convection velocity result based on Fourier decomposition(FD) shows stronger scale- dependency in the spanwise direction than in streamwise direction. Compared with FD, the proper orthogonal decomposition(POD) has a distinct distribution of convection velocity for the large- and small-scales which are separated in light of their contributions of turbulent kinetic energy.     

Numerical Modelling of Velocity and Temperature Distributions of the Buoyancy Convection Effect in KNbO3 Melt

Numerical Modelling of velocity and temperature fields in high-temperature KNbO3 melt of a loop-shaped Pt wire heater is carried out by using the commercial computational code ANSYS for the mathematical solution of the governing equations.Based on the experimental boundary conditions and the Boussinesq approximation,the numerical modelling of a steady and two-dimensional model is applied to study the process under consideration of the buoyancy-driven convection condition.The result is compared with the previous experimental and theoretical data obtained in our laboratory,and the former is in agreement with the latter.Thus a theoretical guide for reasonable growth conditions is provided by studying in depth the real fluid flow effects in the crystal growth from the melt.     

Tunability of nonuniform reflection holographic filter

The tunability of nonuniform reflection holographic filter is investigated theoretically and experimentally. It is shown that the reflection holographic filter has not only high optical density and narrow bandwidth, but also good tunability. The coupled wave theoretical model for uniform medium is compared with the model for nonuniform medium. It is identified that the coincidence of the theoretical results of the nonuniform model with the experimental results are better than that of the uniform model.     

开放Ⅴ型系统相对位相对LWI增益瞬态演化的影响

数值计算具有自发辐射诱导相干性的开放V型三能级原子系统密度矩阵运动方程,分析无反转激光(LWI)增益的瞬态演化.结果表明:无论是否存在非相干抽运,探测场和驱动场间的相对位相(Ф)对增益的瞬态演化都有显著的影响;通过选择Ф的取值可以获得更大的瞬态和稳定增益;不存在非相干抽运时,系统达到瞬态增益最大值及获得增益稳定值所需要的时间更长,演化过程中振荡幅度更大,获得的增益更大;原子退出速率r₀(原子注入速率比S)的变化将使增益瞬态演化的具体过程发生改变,在r₀(S)的一定取值范围内,瞬态和稳定增益随S(r₀)的增大而增大.     

Monte Carlo optimisation of correlated wave functions for normal two-electron systems

A simple, new type of correlated wave function is proposed for the studies of normal two-electron atomic systems: ψ(r₁, r₂) = Σc_mΦ_m(r₁, r₂) with Φ_m(r₁, r₂) = exp[−(r₁ + r₂)]/(br₁₂ + a)^m, where , a, b are non-linear variational parameters. A notable feature of this basis function is that only three terms are required within the framework of the Raleigh-Ritz variational principle to obtain fairly accurate energy eigenvalues and satisfactory cusp conditions. The non-linear variational parameters are optimised by using the Monte Carlo technique.     

A model for the size distribution of customer groups and businesses

We present a generalization of the dynamical model of information transmission and herd behavior proposed by Eguíluz and Zimmermann. A characteristic size of group of agents s₀ is introduced. The fragmentation and coagulation rates of groups of agents are assumed to depend on the size of the group. We present results of numerical simulations and mean field analysis. It is found that the size distribution of groups of agents n_s exhibits two distinct scaling behavior depending on ss₀ or s>s₀. For ss₀, n_ss^−(5/2+δ), while for s>s₀,n_ss^{−(5/2−δ)}, where δ is a model parameter representing the sensitivity of the fragmentation and coagulation rates to the size of the group. Our model thus gives a tunable exponent for the size distribution together with two scaling regimes separated by a characteristic size s₀. Suitably interpreted, our model can be used to represent the formation of groups of customers for certain products produced by manufacturers. This, in turn, leads to a distribution in the size of businesses. The characteristic size s₀, in this context, represents the size of a business for which the customer group becomes too large to be kept happy but too small for the business to become a brand name.     

A generalized Vlasov equation

A two-special dimension electronic system characterized by a plasma parameter Γ 1 is analyzed; then, by using a rigorous non-equilibrium statistical mechanical theory, the evolution of distribution function is considered. A generalized Vlasov equation (GVE) is derived. Compared to the usual Vlasov equation, GVE presents an additional velocity-dependent correlation term. Taking as a starting point the GVE, the phenomenological approximation to two-particles function, ƒ₂(r₁r₂p₁p₂; t) = ƒ₁(r₁p₁;t)f₁(r₂p₂;t)g(r₁−r₂), proposed by Singwi, Tosi, Landi and Sjolander is analyzed.     

氘氘-塑料靶丸变收缩比内爆物理实验研究

在神光III原型装置上利用8路6400 J/1 ns激光注入Φ1100 μm×1850 μm的黑腔内产生约200 eV的高温辐射场均匀辐照填充氘氘燃料的靶丸实现内爆. 实验中, 保持靶丸的内径一致, 通过改变靶丸烧蚀层厚度的方式实现不同收缩比的内爆. 通过闪烁体探测器、分幅相机等多套诊断设备获取了中子产额、X光bang-time (聚变反应产生X光时刻)、飞行轨迹、热斑形状等关键内爆参数. 结合一维数值模拟表明: 对于小收缩比内爆, 受到非一维因素的影响小, 其YOC_1D(实验测量中子产额与干净一维数值模拟计算结果之比)可以达到34%; 对于中等收缩比内爆, 受到非一维因素的影响显著, 其YOC_1D仅仅为2.3%.     

微平行管道内Jeffrey流体的非定常电渗流动

研究了微平行管道内线性黏弹性流体的非定常电渗流动, 其中线性黏弹性流体的本构关系是由Jeffrey流体模型来描述的. 利用Laplace变换法, 求解了线性化的Poisson-Boltzmann方程、 非定常的柯西动量方程和Jeffrey流体本构方程, 给出了黏弹性Jeffrey流体电渗速度的解析表达式, 分析了无量纲弛豫时间λ₁和滞后时间λ₂对速度剖面的影响. 发现滞后时间为零时, 弛豫时间越小, 速度剖面图越接近牛顿流体的速度剖面图; 随着弛豫时间和滞后时间的增加, 速度振幅也变得越来越大, 随着时间的增加, 速度逐渐趋于恒定. 关键词： 双电层 微平行管道 Jeffrey流体 非定常电渗流动     

电流脉冲前沿对电磁驱动固体套筒内爆的影响

固体套筒内爆是采用实验方法研究高能量密度状态下的材料力学性能的重要加载手段之一,国内已经建立起若干开展电磁内爆研究的驱动器。从电流脉冲前沿对固体套筒内爆性能影响的角度进行分析,为如何选择现有的实验装置开展固体套筒内爆实验研究提供依据。采用不可压缩零维模型进行计算,获得了套筒内爆速度受套筒尺寸、电流幅值以及电流脉冲前沿的影响情况。计算结果表明,开展固体套筒内爆的实验研究应选择电流脉冲前沿大于2 s的装置,这也为未来设计驱动能力更强的固体套筒内爆实验装置奠定了基础。     

Nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometry of the normal heart: Relationship between collagen content and relaxation times of the four chambers

The use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation time measurements for characterization of abnormal cardiac tissue depends upon knowledge of variations of relaxation times of normal myocardium and determinants of these variations. We calculated in vitro NMR T₁ and T₂ relaxation times of canine myocardium from the four cardiac chambers, and determined hydroxyproline concentration (as a measure of collagen) and percent water content of the samples. We found both water content and T₁ relaxation time of the right ventricle to be significantly greater than the left atrium (p < 0.05). T₂ relaxation time of the left ventricle was found to be shorter than each of the other three chambers (p < 0.05). There were significant correlations between the spin-lattice relaxation time and both percent water content (r = 0.58) and hydroxyproline concentration (r = 0.45). A significant correlation was also found between T₂ relaxation time and hydroxyproline concentration (r = 0.49). When T₁ and T₂ were adjusted for water and hydroxyproline content, there was no longer any evidence for significant interchamber differences for either T₁ or T₂. These data suggest that differences in NMR relaxation times exist among the four chambers of the normal canine heart. Furthermore, a major determinant of myocardial spin-lattice relaxation time is tissue water content while both collagen content and percent water content significantly contribute to variability in cardiac chamber T₂ relaxation times.     

The Pockels effect in ADP above room temperature

Longitudinal electro-optic studies in paraelectric ADP have revealed an anomalous variation of the Pockels coefficient r₆₃ with temperature above 90°C. This behavior is shown to be part of a more general variation of r₆₃ with surface condition of the specimen.     

Dynamics of a stochastic rumor propagation model incorporating media coverage and driven by Lévy noise

With the development of information technology, rumors propagate faster and more widely than in the past. In this paper, a stochastic rumor propagation model incorporating media coverage and driven by Lévy noise is proposed. The global positivity of the solution process is proved, and further the basic reproductive number R₀ is obtained. When R₀ < 1, the dynamical process of system with Lévy jump tends to the rumor-free equilibrium point of the deterministic system, and the rumor tends to extinction; when R₀ > 1, the rumor will keep spreading and the system will oscillate randomly near the rumor equilibrium point of the deterministic system. The results show that the oscillation amplitude is related to the disturbance of the system. In addition, increasing media coverage can effectively reduce the final spread of rumors. Finally, the above results are verified by numerical simulation.