P.W.J.M鲍曼斯逝世

著名光谱化学专家P.w.J.M鲍曼斯于2008年10月26 日逝世,享年76岁. 鲍曼斯1932年生予荷兰,于阿姆斯特丹大学化学物理系毕业.1961年获博士学位.1961～1968年间在阿姆斯特丹大学任教,从事原子光谱分析,发射光谱光源激发机理的研究.1966年出版专集:"Theory of Spectrochemical Excitation"1968年他进入Eindhoven的Philips研究实验室,曾任该实验室主任研究员     

俄国物理学家A.M.普罗霍罗夫去世

20 0 2年 1月 8日著名俄国物理学家Ａ .Ｍ .普罗霍罗夫在莫斯科的家中去逝 ,终年 85岁 .普罗霍罗夫和俄国物理学家巴索夫及美国物理学家汤斯一起 ,由于发明微波激射器和量子电子学方面开创性的工作 ,获得了196 4年诺贝尔物理奖 .普罗霍罗夫 1916年 7月 11日生于奥大利亚的昆士兰州 .192 3年和家人一起回到祖国前苏联 .他 1939年毕业于国立列宁格勒大学物理系 ,毕业后到莫斯科列别捷夫物理研究所当研究生 .他曾参加卫国战争 (第二次世界大战 )并两次受伤 ,后复原到列别捷夫物理研究所工作 .195 1年他在列别捷夫物理研究所获得博士学位 .2 0世…     

M.法拉第和他的科学成就——纪念M.法拉第诞辰二百周年

今年9月22日,是伟大的英国物理学家、化学家M.法拉第(Michael Faraday 1791-1867)诞辰二百周年纪念日.我怀着崇敬的心情撰写此文. 法拉第出身贫寒,自学成才,工作勤奋,热心科普工作,是一位实验大师.他发现了电磁感应现象.法拉第用电解定律和磁致旋光效应,研究了物质的抗磁性和顺磁性,提出了力线和场的概念,主张自然界的各种力相互有关,并反对超距作用的观点.他的工作为J.C.麦克斯韦建立电磁场理论打下了基础[1]. 一、青少年时代与早期的科学工作 法拉第出生于萨里群纽因顿,他的父亲是位铁匠,家境贫寒.五岁时随父母到伦敦.13岁时,他就到一家…     

Professor Dr. Justus Mühlenpfordt zum 60. Geburtstag

An efficient potential for radiation research has been developed at the Central Institute of Isotope and Radiation Research in Leipzig since 1969. 2Iany problems in the field of basic and applied research of radiation chemistry and biology have been studied. Ten gamma plants and two electron accelerators have been designed and established for scientific, industrial and agricultural application.     

晶体光收集特性的M.C.模拟研究

用蒙特卡罗方法实现了对各种不同条件下晶体光输出特性的模拟研究，和实验结果比较符合得足够好，因而可用以预言新的现象和实验结果。结合光输出的实验测量，可以确定绝对的光子产额。研究还表明，封装材料和耦合剂对光收集效率影响很大，选用具有漫反射性的封装材料将有利于光的收集效率     

N.M.R. spectra of the XnAA′ Xn′ type

The method described previously for the calculation of the X spectrum for spin systems of of the X_nAA′X_n′ type is extended by means of magnetic equivalence factoring to cases in which the long-range coupling constant J_x is non-zero. This coupling is treated as a first-order perturbation to the energy levels obtained when J_x =0, and it is found that J_x may be measured directly from the separations between easily identified lines in the spectrum. A detailed account of the X ₃ AA′X ₃′ system is given, and the N.M.R. spectrum of fluoro-N,N′-dimethyl-1,3,2,4-diazadiphosphetidine is analysed. The spectral parameters obtained are discussed. A computer programme which calculates the spectra of systems involving magnetic equivalence is used to examine the validity of the approximations in the method.     

Reply to a comment by S.N. Semenov and M.E. Schimpf on ‘Role of the velocity frame of reference in thermodiffusion in liquid mixtures’, Philosophical Magazine vol. 92, 705 (2012), by M. Eslamian,C.G. Jian and M.Z. Saghir.

A small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) study of nanovoids in 99.988 and 99.995?at.% aluminium is presented. Absolute intensity calibration using a glassy carbon standard is used to extract the weak SAXS signature from nanovoids introduced by thermal quenching. SAXS analysis methods, including Guinier, Porod and Indirect Transform, are used to obtain values for the void–size, number distribution and volume fraction, as well as measures of the void-metal matrix interface structure in quenched aluminium samples. The SAXS analysis has identified a residual impurity effect on void formation and has been used to characterize trends in nanovoid size, number distribution and interface structure as a function of ageing time at elevated temperatures (artificial ageing). The work presented here, including identification of experimental tools that can be readily improved, demonstrates that SAXS studies are capable of providing precise characterization of nanovoid structure in aluminium. This level of information will be useful in developing phenomenological models of void nucleation and growth capable of linking atomic scale phenomena to macroscopic material properties.     

Comment on “Foam imbibition in microgravity. An experimental study” by H. Caps,H. Decauwer,M.-L. Chevalier,G. Soyez,M. Ausloos and N. Vandewalle

In a recent paper, [1] described parabolic flight experiments showing the movement of liquid into the foam during the microgravity phase. In this comment, we present a detailed theory of this process, supported by numerical calculations, confirming their conclusion that the wetting front moves with the square root of time. We further show that this diffusion process is similar for different surfactant systems, which allows us to provide bounds on the value of the diffusion coefficient.Received: 28 April 2004, Published online: 3 August 2004PACS: 82.70.Rr Aerosols and foams - 83.80.Iz Emulsions and foams     

M.德布罗意对科学的贡献

Ｍ．德布罗意对科学的贡献王较过（陕西师范大学物理系，西安７１００６２）Ｍ．德布罗意（ＭａｕｒｉｃｅｄｅＢｒｏｇｌｉｅ），是法国著名的Ｘ射线物理学家，在实验物理学领域作出了显著的贡献．Ｌ．德布罗意（ＬｏｕｉｓＶｉｃｔｏｒｄｅＢｒｏｇｌｉｅ）就是在他...     

Reply to the Commentary by E.M. Terentjev and M. Warner on “Mechanical properties of mono-domain side-chain nematic elastomers”

We argue that all dynamic mechanical experiments on side-chain liquid-crystalline elastomers performed up to now can be described without invoking the picture of dynamic soft or semi-soft elasticity.Received: 18 June 2004, Published online: 24 August 2004PACS: 83.80.Va Elastomeric polymers - 61.30.-v Liquid crystals - 83.60.Bc Linear viscoelasticity     

Comment on “Role of the velocity frame of reference in thermodiffusion in liquid mixtures” by M. Eslamian,C.G. Jiang and M.Z. Saghir

We analyze the material transport equations (MTE) derived by Eslamian and co-authors and address the criticism expressed regarding the approach formulated in our previous work. In doing so, we show that the MTE formulated by Eslamian and co-authors are valid only in closed stationary non-isothermal systems in combination with the restrictions on the Onsager coefficients formulated in our work which is criticized, and that for non-stationary systems the approach we took can be used.     

‘Factors of ignorance’ and the rationalized M.K.S.A. system of units

An attempt is made, by means of an allusive (rather than a systematic) historical account of the development of the subject, to exhibit the essentially unique character of the rationalized M.K.S.A. system of units. The establishment of this system involved one arbitrary decision—the determination to retain unaltered the size of the previously accepted unit of current. Thereafter, any choice of derived units, other than the choice actually made, would have destroyed the basic symmetry of the formulation.