HKUST-1/ABNO-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of secondary benzyl alcohols at room temperature

Efficient heterogeneous Cu-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohols was discolsed. The combination of HKUST-1 and ABNO exhibited enhanced catalytic activity compare to the previous HKUST-1/TEMPO system in aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohols. It was observed that the present catalyst was intrinsically heterogeneous and reusable.     

介孔石墨型氮化碳/N-羟基邻苯二甲酰亚胺组合催化体系催化醇类化合物的选择性氧化

醇的氧化产品(醛和酸)是精细化工中的重要中间体.醇类的选择性氧化无论是在基础研究还是在工业应用方面都具有非常重要的意义.传统的方法是使用化学计量的氧化剂(如：高氯酸盐,重铬酸盐,高锰酸盐,过氧酸)来氧化醇.但是,这些氧化剂具有强腐蚀性,价格较昂贵,有些氧化剂还具有很强的毒性或者反应后产生大量重金属废液.而以分子氧作为氧化剂在温和条件下实现醇到醛的氧化具有更好的经济性也更环保.在过去几十年里,科学家们发展了许多催化体系来活化氧气分子.这些体系大部分是基于钌、钯、铜和钛等金属催化剂.近年,考虑成本和环境因素,越来越多的科学家把目光投向无金属催化剂来实现醇的氧化.石墨型氮化碳(g-C3N4)是二维层状类石墨结构,层内原子以共价键相连,层与层之间由于分子间作用而堆叠在一起.在g-C3N4中引入介孔(mpg-C3N4)能够提高g-C3N4的比表面积,提供更多的活性位点.由于mpg-C3N4具有半导体性质(带隙宽度为2.7 eV),在可见光照射下能够激发出一个电子给氧气,氧气得到电子后生成具有较高氧化活性的?O2–.这样我们就可以在比较温和的条件下得到活性较高的氧化剂.但是?O2–活性和产量有限、并且容易被猝灭,因此我们想通过选用一个能形成比较稳定的自由基的有机分子来“传递氧化性”.基于上述思考,我们引入mpg-C3N4和N-羟基邻苯二甲酰亚胺(NHPI)作为组合催化体系实现光催化和有机催化有效的结合来催化选择性氧化醇.以苯甲醇为模型化合物、以mpg-C3N4/NHPI作为组合型催化剂、普通的钨丝灯为光源,在25 oC下通入1 atm O2,实现了醇的选择性氧化.通过电子自旋共振测试,我们探测到?O2–自由基.在只有mpg-C3N4的体系中,产生的?O2–自由基很快被猝灭,从而不能有效地氧化苯甲醇.而加入NHPI后,?O2–自由基能够夺取NHPI中O–H键的氢,形成PINO自由基.形成的PINO自由基能够在温和的反应条件下氧化苯甲醇得到苯甲醛.(图1)通过调节mpg-C3N4和NHPI的比例,我们发现增加mpg-C3N4的比例有利于苯甲醛的生成.一方面,较低的反应温度不利于生成的醛被进一步氧化成酸.另一方面,由于苯甲醇和mpg-C3N4通过O-H...N或者O-H...π相互作用能够很好的吸附到mpg-C3N4表面,从而氧化为苯甲醛;而生成的苯甲醛与mpg-C3N4的相互作用比较弱,容易脱附到溶液中,避免被进一步的氧化.同时,我们也将mpg-C3N4/NHPI催化体系拓展到其他醇类的氧化反应,同样能够得到很好的转化率和选择性.该催化体系不需要任何金属元素,利用偶合的光催化组合进行可见光催化氧化过程,反应温度低,为醇类分子的选择性氧化制备醛或者酸提供了一条有效并且环保的策略.     

Solvent-free aerobic oxidation of ethylbenzene over supported Ni catalysts using molecular oxygen at atmospheric pressure

We investigated the aerobic oxidation of ethylbenzene in the absence of solvent or any additive carried out over Ni on different types of supports namely SiO2, hydroxyapatite, SBA-15, and USY Zeolites. The oxidation of ethylbenzene activities was measured in a round bottom flask immersed in oil bath at known reaction temperature. The physicochemical characteristics of the catalysts were examined by BET surface area, XRD, FT-IR and the oxidation activities were correlated with the acidities of the catalysts obtained by TPD of NH3. It was observed that both hydroxyapatite and USY （13% Na2O） supported Ni catalysts displayed higher ethylbenzene conversion and 80% selectivity towards acetophenone.     

3-BocNH-ABNO-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of alcohol at room temperature and atmospheric pressure

A transition-metal-free catalytic system has been developed for selective transformation of alcohol to aldehydes or ketones. The reactions were performed with 3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane N-oxyl (3-BocNH-ABNO) as the catalyst, NaNO₂ as the co-catalyst, molecular oxygen as the terminal oxidant, and AcOH as the solvent under room temperature. This catalytic system exhibited broad functional group tolerance. A series of alcohol substrates, including primary and secondary benzylic alcohols, heteroaromatic analogues, primary and secondary aliphatic alcohols, could be converted into their corresponding aldehydes and ketones in good conversions and selectivities.     

Practical Os/Cu-cocatalyzed air oxidation of allyl and benzyl alcohols at room temperature and atmospheric pressure

[reaction: see text] A new protocol for the oxidation of primary and secondary allyl and benzyl alcohols at room temperature and using 1 atm of air is described. The procedure uses low loadings of copper salts and osmium tetroxide, which is activated with quinuclidine and prereduced with an alkene. Chemoselectivity for allyl and benzyl alcohols is very high, no overoxidation is observed, and the reaction takes place under neutral conditions.     

氧化铜修饰羟基磷灰石负载金对醇类需氧氧化的双金属协同催化

采用均匀沉积-沉淀法制备了氧化铜修饰羟基磷灰石负载金催化剂(Au/CuO-HAP),并用原子吸收光谱、N2吸附脱附、X射线粉末衍射、透射电镜和X射线光电子能谱等方法对催化剂结构和形貌进行了表征.考察了催化剂对醇类液相需氧氧化的催化性能.与单金属Au/HAP或CuO-HAP相比较,双金属Au/CuO-HAP对苯甲醇氧化的催化活性和苯甲醛的选择性有显著提高,120 oC反应1.5 h,苯甲醇的转化率和苯甲醛的选择性分别达到99.7%和98.4%.在Au/CuO-HAP的催化下,其它类型的芳香醇均可高选择性转化为相应的醛或酮. Au/CuO-HAP催化剂有很好的稳定性和可回收性,4次回收后,其催化活性没有明显变化.     

Direct synthesis of nitriles by Cu/DMEDA/TEMPO-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of primary amines with air

By screening the copper catalysts, ligands, and the reaction conditions, a simple CuCl/DMEDA/TEMPO catalyst system readily available from commercial sources is developed for a direct and selective synthesis of the useful nitriles by an aerobic oxidation reaction of primary amines using air as an advantageous oxidant under mild conditions.     

Efficient, recoverable, copper-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of alcohols under FBS and thermomorphic mode

A series of fluorinated bipyridine derivatives, (4,4′-bis(R_fCH₂OCH₂)-2,2′-bpy) {R_f = n-C₈F₁₇ (1a), n-C₉F₁₉ (1b), n-C₁₀F₂₁ (1c), n-C₁₁F₂₃ (1d)} have been successfully synthesized using 4,4′-bis(bromomethylene)-2,2′-bpy and fluorinated alkoxides. Bpy 1a-d have been characterized by multi-nuclei (¹H, ¹⁹F, and ¹³C) NMR, GC/MS and FTIR. The Cu complexes 2a-d could be generated in situ by stirring ligands 1a-d with CuBr·Me₂S at room temperature, respectively. The 3-component systems 3c-d, CuBr·Me₂S/Bpy (1c-d)/2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (TEMPO), were successfully used to the aerobic oxidation of alcohols under the fluorous biphasic system (FBS). The resulting products from FBS could be easily recovered by two phase separation with high yields up to 8 runs (>90%). In order to avoid using the expensive fluorous solvents, systems 3a-d, CuBr·Me₂S/Bpy (1a-d)/TEMPO, were also successfully shown to catalyze the aerobic alcohol oxidation under the thermomorphic condition (in C₆H₅Cl), and the yields of oxidation of 4-nitrobenzyl alcohol were close to 100% even after 8 runs. In particular, 3a was most effective under the thermomorphic mode in the chemoselectivity of aerobic oxidation of aliphatic primary alcohols to aldehydes without any overoxidized acids.     

Recyclable gold nanoparticle catalyst for the aerobic alcohol oxidation and C-C bond forming reaction between primary alcohols and ketones under ambient conditions

A recyclable gold catalyst is synthesized from readily available reagents by immobilizing gold nanoparticles in aluminum oxyhydroxide support through a simple sol-gel method. The catalyst showed the high activity even at room temperature in the aerobic oxidation of various alcohols and in the coupling reaction between primary alcohols and ketones.     

Solid-supported Pd(0): an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohols into aldehydes and ketones

Solid-supported nano- and microparticles of Pd(0) (SS-Pd) were used as heterogeneous catalysts for aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohols. Primary and secondary benzyl alcohols gave the corresponding products in good yields. In addition, the catalysts could be reused up to five runs without significant loss of activities.     

Green oxidation of alcohols by a reusable nickel catalyst in the presence of molecular oxygen

An easily prepared and reusable Ni(OH)₂ catalyst for the oxidation of benzylic and allylic alcohols by molecular oxygen has been developed.     

基于四氮配体的铜配合物/TEMPO催化的苄醇与烯丙基醇的氧化反应

发展了非血红素类四氮配体的铜配合物和2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-氮-氧自由基(TEMPO)相结合的催化体系,应用于分子氧参与的伯醇氧化反应.该体系具有条件温和、高效、高选择性、无需任何助剂和底物(包括苄醇、烯丙基醇和含杂原子伯醇)使用性强等优点.此外,利用高分辨质谱和紫外-光谱等对反应活性中间体进行了初步探讨.     

Practical CuCl/DABCO/4-HO-TEMPO-catalyzed oxidative synthesis of nitriles from alcohols with air as oxidant

A mild and efficient copper-catalyzed aerobic oxidative synthesis of nitriles directly from alcohols and aqueous ammonia with air as the terminal oxidant was disclosed. A variety of nitriles are obtained in good to excellent yields.     

Copper‐catalyzed highly efficient aerobic oxidative synthesis of benzimidazoles,benzoxazoles and benzothiazoles from aromatic alcohols under solvent‐free conditions in open air at room temperature

Solvent‐free oxidative synthesis of benzimidazoles, benzoxazoles and benzothiazoles from aromatic alcohols and o‐phenylenediamine, o‐aminophenol and o‐aminothiophenol has been achieved by using CuCl, 2,2′‐bipyridine and TEMPO (2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl). The reaction proceeds via a dehydrogenation in open air at room temperature, and a wide variety of derivatives were obtained in good to excellent yields. The reaction mechanism was proposed and this method provides a mild and efficient access to substituted benzimidazoles, benzoxazoles and benzothiazoles. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Selective aerobic oxidation of benzylic amines to aryl nitriles catalyzed by CuBr2/N-methyl imidazole

A convenient and efficient copper-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of primary amines to aryl nitriles was described. Various benzylic and allylic amines were selectively oxidized to the corresponding nitriles in high yields using CuBr₂/NMI as the catalyst and O₂ as the oxidant. The oxidation reaction profiles monitored by ¹H NMR disclosed the scenario of the reaction path as well as the role of the additives. The addition of NMI increased the rate of reaction and suppressed the hydrolysis and the deamination.     

CuCl catalyzed selective oxidation of primary alcohols to carboxylic acids with tert-butyl hydroperoxide at room temperature

Direct oxidation of primary alcohols to the corresponding carboxylic acids is performed highly efficiently at room temperature with anhydrous tert-butyl hydroperoxide in the presence of a catalytic amount of easily available CuCl under ligand free conditions in acetonitrile. Benzylic alcohols are more reactive than aliphatic alcohols, and these benzylic alcohols are selectively oxidized to the corresponding acids in the presence of aliphatic alcohols such as 1-octanol and 1-decanol.     

温和条件下钒催化氧化胺、醇和胺直接合成亚胺(英文)

开发了钒催化氧化胺、醇和胺直接合成亚胺催化体系,无须额外的添加剂或促进剂,空气作为环境友好的氧源,温和条件下,能高收率地得到各种对称和非对称亚胺,并且催化剂非常容易制备和使用.该催化体系对含杂原子亚胺的合成也非常有效.     

Highly selective copper‐catalyzed oxidation of benzyl alcohols to aromatic aldehydes in water at room temperature

Water‐soluble 2N2O–Cu(II) complexes were synthesized and used for the catalytic oxidation of benzylic alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes in pure water resulting in high yields of up to 94%. Importantly, the catalytic system exhibits a wide substrate scope, high functional group tolerance and can be reused directly for subsequent reaction cycles. Using this catalytic system, the product 4‐methylbenzaldehyde can be produced on a multi‐gram scale and in the complete absence of any organic solvent, surfactant or phase transfer reagent. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Oxidation of alcohols with molecular oxygen promoted by Nafion ionomer anchored pyrochlore composite at room temperature

Nafion ionomer anchored ruthenium oxide pyrochlore composite has been demonstrated for selective oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes and ketones in good yields. In the absence of any additives, the reaction was achieved by atmospheric air or molecular oxygen at room temperature.