相变材料模拟金属构件热特性的数值研究

通过理论分析和数值计算论证了用相变材料模拟多种常用金属构件热特性的可行性.利用相变材料模拟了厚度分别为20 mm,30 mm,50 mm和100 mm的金属板材,发现在模拟较厚的金属板材时,相变材料的低导热系数对模拟效果产生了不利影响.在此基础上,利用导热系数增强的相变材料对厚度大于100 mm金属板材进行模拟,取得了较好的模拟效果.并利用相变材料模拟了金属构件轮和管的热特性.     

泡沫金属复合相变材料的凝固及接触间距影响

相变材料(phase change material,PCM)具有解决能源利用时空不匹配问题的潜力,将PCM与泡沫金属进行复合是强化其传热性能的有效措施之一.本文针对一类泡沫金属复合PCM的凝固过程进行了三维数值模拟研究,分析了泡沫金属与恒壁温面不同接触间距对复合PCM凝固过程的影响规律.研究发现,复合PCM由于其泡沫...     

超短激光打孔中快速相变的格子玻尔兹曼模拟

采用双重分布函数的格子玻尔兹曼模型，对单脉冲激光金属打孔过程中的快速相变传热进行研究.模型考虑了金属材料熔化后熔体的流动换热，并采用浸没移动边界方案对过程中的固液界面进行追踪.采用纯导热模型和考虑对流的换热模型计算，将结果和试验进行对比，结果表明：在激光打孔过程中熔体的流动对相变传热产生较大影响，采用考虑流动换热模型的结果与实验更接近.进而对熔化速度、熔化深度以及温度场的变化进行分析，并探讨不同激光工艺参数对相变过程的影响.模拟发现一个脉冲结束后，激光的脉宽越大，孔深越小，孔径越大，且最高温度较短脉冲激光越低.     

熔渣颗粒碰壁的相变沉积热过程模拟

离心粒化方法在高温熔渣余热回收方面具有结构紧凑、能耗低、得到的渣粒粒径小等优势。但受到粒化仓空间限制,会出现高温熔融渣粒碰撞、黏附在壁面的现象,影响装置运行的稳定性。本文针对该问题建立了熔融渣粒碰撞壁面的三维对称模型,结合VOF(流体体积)方法和凝固/融化模型来模拟熔渣动态形变和凝固换热过程。模拟得到,两个同粒径熔融渣粒在壁面上相继沉积会出现碰撞、铺展、回缩、飞溅、稳定的动态行为。进一步,讨论了熔渣初始温度和冷却风速对其形变和凝固换热的影响。结果表明,熔渣初始温度越小,铺展因数越小,凝固所需时间延长。而冷却风速(1~3 m/s)对熔渣碰壁过程中的铺展形变和换热的影响都很微小。     

相变微胶囊的热导率测量

提出应用3ω谐波探测技术进行脲醛树脂-石蜡相变微胶囊的等效热导率测量方法。测试了跨越相变温度区间的微胶囊等效热导率,分析了等效热导率随温度的变化关系。在其相变温度区间内,热导率存在极大值,该极值点对应的温度与其相变温度峰值一致。同样温度下,降温时的等效热导率略小于升温,这主要是由降温时相变材料的过冷引起。     

水平圆管内磁性潜热型功能流体对流换热特性的数值模拟

建立磁场作用下水平圆管内磁性潜热型功能流体对流换热的数学物理模型,分析磁场强度、磁性相变微胶囊体积分数、流体质量流量等因素对流体对流换热的影响.磁场对磁性潜热型功能流体的对流换热具有显著的强化作用,磁场强度愈大强化作用愈明显,强化原因是磁性相变微胶囊受到磁力作用产生扰动.     

Investigation of light programmable non‐volatile memory in an organic phototransistor

Excellent non‐volatile memory characteristics have been demonstrated under the optoelectric conditions for organic phototransistors (OPTs). The high photosensitivity shown as reversible shifts in light‐induced V_TH exhibits a large memory window for programming caused by the excited immobile carriers (electron) trapped as a function of the electrical bias and the light intensity. The long life span of stored electrons also reveals promising behavior with respect to data retention as well as the electrical reliability to serve as a data storage medium with the non‐volatile memory characteristic in OPTs. The V_TH recovery accelerated by the reversible bias stress for the stored charges under irradiation shows that the erasing behavior is clearly brought by the discharge process of long‐lived electrons occupied in deep states. Plausible mechanisms in the energy band are discussed for the programming and erasing process, which provides a fundamental understanding of the intrinsic charge storage behavior in OPTs. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

方腔内相变材料固液相变传热研究

基于相变材料(PCM,phase change material)的相变储能设备具有储能密度高的特点。本文建立了基于相变储能元件伪焓模型的固液相变格子Boltzmann模型,研究了内部管道位置、方腔倾斜角度对PCM融化过程的影响规律。结果表明,在内管道靠近方腔上部时,由于上部界面(固液相变界面或上壁面)对自然对流阻碍作用,使PCM的融化速率减慢。但是,在此时使方腔发生倾斜,会改变管道热流体到上部界面的距离,强化PCM的热质传递过程,使融化加快。     

Integration of Phase Change Material in the Design of Solar Concentrator-Based Water Heating System

Indonesia has been blessed with excellent solar heat distribution, which can be used as renewable energy to heat water. Various technologies have been developed to utilize these inexhaustible thermodynamic resources, in the form of photons arrays, converted into concentrated heat for daily use, i.e., solar water heater. This renewable-based water heating system can provide significant energy efficiency, benefit the environment, and reduce energy use costs. This experimental study attempts to harvest the energy from the sun using a cylindrical through collector (CTC) type solar concentrator. The CTC was made of the solar reflective film (SRF) affixed to concentrator collector surfaces which was then mounted on an adjustable angle frame of the concentrator collector support. The heat generated from the concentrator was stored in water, and phase change material is embedded in the system to retain the heat longer. The research was carried out in Langsa City, Aceh, Indonesia. The results showed that water heaters using CTC systems could produce 16 L of hot water retained at 40–60 °C for four hours. With the addition of beeswax, the water temperature of the same capacity can be maintained at 40–60 °C for around 5 h. This technology demonstrated an excellent result that produces as much as 60 L of water per day, increasing solar thermal energy efficiency. This technology presented a great potential for replication or even for further development on an industrial scale.     

空气-多孔道扁管相变蓄热装置换热性能研究

空气-相变蓄热装置在农作物干燥、烟气余热回收和建筑供暖等场合需求强烈.但是目前关于空气-相变蓄热装置的研究较少且大多为平板型.本研究在已有研究的基础上,针对多孔道扁管相变蓄热装置存在换热结构不合理和灌装率较低的缺点,使用数值模拟的方法研究了 4种结构的多孔道扁管相变蓄热装置的蓄热性能;通过改变扁管肋高度提升蓄热装置的灌...     

Ultrahigh Endurance and Extinction Ratio in Programmable Silicon Photonics Based on a Phase Change Material with ITO Heater

Phase-change-materials (PCMs) integrated photonics have attracted extensive attention in the field of optical neural networks. However, present PCMs-integrated photonics are still far from meeting the requirements in real-world applications due to its unsatisfactory endurance (<3000 cycles) and extinction ratio (ER<20 dB). Here, ultrahigh endurance (>30 000 cycles) and large ER (≥50 dB) are achieved in the photonic device by introducing a trench structure to the indium tin oxide (ITO) heater and utilizing tin-doped Ge₂Sb₂Te₅ (Sn-GST) as PCMs. This performance represents a landmark in the PCMs-integrated photonics, since it solves the problem of poor endurance of ITO heaters and can be comparable to the state-of the-art devices in terms of endurance and ER. This excellent endurance and ER stem from the trench structure and high optical contrast PCM of Sn-GST. Trench structure improves the heating efficiency of the ITO heater and effectively alleviates the thermal stress imposed on the ITO heater, resulting in ultrahigh endurance of the device. Sn-doping is also beneficial to the endurance and ER improvement, because it can effectively reduce the crystallization temperature and increase the absorption coefficient of the PCM layer. This work provides a new technology for the development of programmable photonics with ultrahigh endurance.     

Optical Recording Performance of In_（47）Sb_（14）Te_（39）Phase Change Thin Films using 514．5nm Wavelength Laser Beam

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Study of Phase Change and Supercooling in Micro-Channels by Infrared Thermography

The present work presents a fast and simple new experimental method, designed to enhance the observation and characterization of thermal phenomena at microscale. Supercooling of water was carried out in micro-channels and recorded with a high-frequency infrared camera. The method is based on the coupling of microfluidics, infrared thermography, and inverse techniques. The objective is to extract a maximum of information from the experiment to perform advanced characterization of the system. First, a thermal modeling of such a system was written, then the image processing from infrared recordings allowed estimating the thermal properties (diffusivity) and the source term (energy released by the phase change). The novelty of the approach is the ability of measuring the heat released by the phase change and using this displacement to calculate the ice front propagation velocity and thermal properties. This method is appropriate for many other applications and is mainly devoted to the characterization of fluids during phase change at microscale.     

飞秒钛宝石激光器腔内双色镜反射相移的突变现象

研究了钛宝石激光器增益介质两端的两块双色镜的相移色散，发现反射相移在中心波长附近发生了突变，由此而造成反射相移色散在此点是不连续的，并对影响反射相移突变点的因素进行了详细的研究。     

西佛碱型液晶化合物相变过程中分子排列方式变化的拉曼光谱研究

用变温拉曼光谱对相变过程的研究表明,液晶化合物的初始晶态与熔融后缓慢降温得到的晶态并不吻合,两个状态下分子尾链的构象及刚性核部分的构象不同导致分子的聚集状态不同。西佛碱型液晶化合物VO10相变过程中,在晶态到液晶态相转变过程中,烷氧基尾链链内构象发生突变,同时有序性降低,刚性核部分两个苯环之间的二面角在相变点时发生明显变化,二面角加大。