硫酸氢钠催化合成羧酸烯丙酯

硫酸氢钠能够代替硫酸作为酯化催化剂。利用－水硫酸氢钠催化合成了甲酸烯丙酯、乙酸烯丙酯、丙酸烯丙酯、丁酸烯丙酯和戊酸烯丙酯,产物用折射率、元素分析和红外光谱表征。研究了硫酸氢钠用量对丙酸烯丙酯收率的影响。     

傅立叶红外光谱法测定丙烯-乙烯共聚物中丙烯单元含量

应用傅立叶红外光谱法,根据丙烯-乙烯共聚物的红外特征性,寻找较好的峰位,使用通用型制膜机制得厚度均匀一致的膜片,制作标准曲线,建立了快速检测丙烯-乙烯共聚物中丙烯单元含量的方法。将红外光谱法分析结果与核磁共振法分析结果进行比较,相对误差在2%以内,测得不同丙烯单元含量的样品的相对标准偏差(n=6)为0.47%~1.1%。     

烯丙位氧化的几种方法

综述了近年来烯丙位氧化的研究进展，详细讨论了过渡金属及其络合物、硒化 合物在烯丙位氧化中的应用，并简述了丁基锂方法、固相催化方法、生物氧化方法 和次氯酸钠氧化方法在烯丙位氧化中的应用．     

中介相态丙烯-乙烯无规共聚物在热处理过程中的结构演变

通过熔体淬冷方式制备了中介相态丙烯-乙烯无规共聚物(PPR),综合使用原位红外光谱、原位X-射线散射(WAXD/SAXS)、示差扫描量热分析(DSC)和动态机械热分析(DMA)等方法系统研究了中介相态PPR在升温过程中的微观结构演变.红外光谱研究结果表明,在连续升温过程中,中介相态PPR在30~50?C之间分子链构象发生了变化,其可能源于刚性无定形区(RAF)中部分链段构象的无序化转变,并发现在RAF中存在长度为n≤13(n为31螺旋序列中丙烯单元的个数)的螺旋序列.中介相态PPR在连续升温过程中经历了RAF中链段构象的无序化转变、中介相向α晶的转变、不完善α晶的熔融和α晶的完善化,以及α晶熔融4个转变过程.中介相向α晶的转变是一个异相成核生长过程,其结晶活化能ΔE=67.94 k J/mol.     

丙烯／长链α－烯烃共聚物的~（13）C—NMR和红外光谱法测定组成

丙烯／长链α－烯烃共聚物的~（１３）Ｃ—ＮＭＲ和红外光谱法测定组成陈辉，王建国，景凤英，庞德仁，黄葆同（中国科学院长春应用化学研究所，长春，１３００２２）关键词丙烯／长链α－烯烃共聚物，（１３）~Ｃ—ＮＭＲ，红外光谱法，组成测定聚丙烯（ＰＰ）作为通用塑...     

丙烯、氧气和环氧丙烷在Cu-NaC1／SiO2催化剂上吸附的红外光谱研究

用红外光谱法研究了丙烯、丙烯／氧气混合气以及环氧丙烷(PO)在Cu-Nacl／SiO2催化剂上的吸附，结果表明，丙烯在载体和催化剂上的吸附是完全可逆的，丙烯和氧气在催化剂上共吸附后生成了丙烯醛，未观察到环氧丙烷(PO)生成，PO在载体和未还原催化剂上的吸附行为表明，PO与载体的硅羟基有强相互作用，PO发生开环反应生成开环物种，而PO在还原态催化剂上的吸附行为较复杂，可能生成了酮类化合物。     

V2O5/TiO2催化剂表面结构FT-IR发射光谱研究(II)

用傅里哀变换红外发射光谱原位考察了V_2O_5/TiO_2催化剂在制备焙烧过程中担载偏钒酸铵的热分解步骤及其形成的表面活性相结构。偏钒酸铵在200 ℃左右分解, 在300 ℃之前完全转化为晶相V_2O_5。担载于TiO_2上的偏钒酸铵在100 ℃左右与TiO_2已产生强的化学作用, 在200 ℃之前已完全分解。对于10%(质量分数)V_2O_5/TiO_2催化剂其担载偏钒酸分解后在1020 cm~(-1)附近出现晶相V_2O_5的特征峰。但在500 ℃进一步焙烧后晶相V_5O_5的峰减弱并在1025—900 cm~(-1)区出现宽峰, 表明部分晶相V_2O_5可能转化为二维高分散的VO_x物种。2%(质量分数)V_2O_5/TiO_2催化剂在焙烧过程中也显示晶相V_2O_5的弱峰, 但同时也观察到属于VO_x物种的宽峰。进一步降低钒担载量, V_2O_5晶相特征峰逐渐消失, 而在1025—900 cm~(-1)区出现二维VO_x物种的宽峰。结果还表明傅里哀变换红外发射光谱是表征氧化物催化剂表面相结构的一种有力的方法。     

新的手性联吡啶配体立体选择催化环丙烷化

近年来,手性联吡啶已广泛应用于不对称均相催化,如不对称环丙烷化[1]、烯丙位氧化[1]、烯丙位取代[2]及有机锌加成醛[3]等反应.     

基于小波和小波包变换的苯丙酮尿症傅里叶变换衰减全反射红外光谱筛查模型的研究

应用小波和小波包变换对傅里叶变换衰减全反射红外光谱(FTIR/ATR)进行去噪处理,以提高苯丙酮尿症(PKU)筛查模型的性能。首先优化小波和小波包变换的参数,然后分别对原始光谱(OS)、9点平滑光谱(9S)和一阶微分9点平滑光谱(1D9S)进行去噪处理,以均方根误差(RMSE)、平均相对误差(MRE)、预测准确率(Acc)等为指标,考察小波和小波包变换对模型性能的影响。结果与变换前相比,模型性能均有所提高,其中小波变换以1D9S+sym12处理结果为最优,而小波包变换以1D9S+sym1为最优;Acc全部提高为100%。     

催化合成磷霉素中间体的红外光谱分析

在磷霉素合成的过程中,涉及到以Pd／C为催化剂催化丙二烯磷酸部分加氢合成顺丙烯磷酸的一步反应.本实验以朗伯-比耳定律为依据,通过配制一组不同丙二烯磷酸和顺丙烯磷酸含量的标准溶液,测得其特征吸收频率处的红外透过率,根据实验结果作二者关系的标准曲线。从而建立了一个相对简便实用、快速准确地同时分析丙二烯磷酸和顺丙烯磷酸的方法,进而应用于磷霉素合成反应中的Pd／C催化剂活性评价。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。