Relativistic Self-Trapping of Extreme Laser Light in an Inhomogeneous Plasma

JETP Letters - The possibility of implementing the relativistic self-trapping of an ultraintense laser pulse in a plasma with an inhomogeneous density profile is proved using the three-dimensional...     

极端光设施:使命与挑战

ELI将是世界上第一个致力于研究在极端相对论强度条件下物质与激光作用的大型基础设施,可在前所未有的强度水平下开展激光与物质相互作用研究。将用于探索阿秒-仄秒尺度的超快现象,并将开创激光与物质相互作用的新时代:超相对论领域,乃至其中的非线性量子电动力学的范畴,可以从真空中产生真空极化和基本粒子。ELI的科学使命是从原子到真空状态下对物质结构进行全面研究。ELI的建立将产生原子核物理革命。同时,它还产生一系列新技术,产生相对论性的微电子。ELI也具有广泛的社会效益,如在医学方面可提供新的放射成像技术和强子治疗方法。ELI对材料科学的发展也将有重要贡献。     

Cavity-Induced Self-Trapping of a Bose Josephson Junction

We investigate the self-trapping of a Bose Josephson junction, which is dispersively coupled to a driven optical cavity. The cavity-induced nonlinearity is presented analytically, and its effect results in the appearance of the self-trapping for the Bose-Einstein condensates in the Josephson oscillation regime. In addition, there exists competition between the nonlinearitiesinduced by the interatomic interaction and by the driven cavity for the emergences of self-trapping. Our results show that the driven cavity can be utilized as a possible tool to produce the self-trapping for the condensates with weak interatomic interaction.     

氧化物电致电阻变换与自束缚载流子

在多种氧化物材料和器件中观察到了可重复、可复制和可反转的电致电阻变换或电阻开 关(resistance switching) 行为,这种行为可能应用于不丢失信息存储,因此得到了广泛关注。由 于材料和样品结构的多样性和观察到的氧化物电致电阻变换效应显现出多层次的行为,这为分析 驱动机制带来了复杂性。目前,提出了多种假设来解释氧化物电阻变换效应,而最广泛使用的是 的氧空位扩散（负离子迁移）形成导电细丝的模型,而导电细丝的形成和破坏对应于电阻变换效 应的“开”与“关”。然而,分析不同实验组发表的大量实验结果清楚表明,氧化物电致电阻变换 存在着不依赖电场极性、电致电阻变换下锰氧化物材料的电阻下降以及材料离子化学态的发生变 化等重要特征。这些实验结果展示的共有主要特征清楚说明,氧化物电致电阻变换的机制应该不 是电场下氧空位迁移形成导电细丝模型所描述的。认真分析和可调整超导、磁学性质等结果都表 明,我们应该考虑载流子注入效应。虽然彻底理解氧化物电致电阻变换行为仍然需要进一步的研 究工作,但载流子注入与自束缚载流子观点描绘出了相当合理的图像, 来理解观察到的大量不同 研究组发表的多种多样氧化物电致电阻变换行为实验结果。综合来看,外加电场下氧化物的电阻 变换与引起的相关现象可能会开辟出一个奇异的全新研究与应用领域。     

Self-Trapping of Acoustic Polaron in One Dimension

The ground-state energy and effective mass of an acoustic polaron in one dimension are calculated by using an electron-longitudinal-acoustic-phonon interaction Hamiltonian derived here. The self-trapping of the acoustic polaron is discussed. It is found that the critical coupling constant shifts toward weaker electron-phonon interaction with the increasing cutoff wave vector and the products of the critical coupling constant by the cutoff wave vector tend to a certain value. The self-trapping of acoustic polarons in one dimension is easier to be realized than that in three- and two-dimensional systems. The self-trapping transition of acoustic polarons is expected to be observed in the one dimensional systems of alkali halides and wide-band-gap semiconductors.     

Laser Self-Trapping for the Plasma Fiber Accelerator

A short-pulsed intense laser is injected into an underdense plasma to sustain a self-trapped photon channel. With either high-enough intensity or strong-enough focusing the optical beam causes total electron evacuation on the beam axis. Under appropriate conditions this laser and plasma fiber system can provide a slow wave structure of the electromagnetic wave that is suitable for high-energy acceleration.     

Extreme Light Concentration and High Absorption of the Double Cylindrical Microcavities

We numerically study the enhancement factor of energy density and absorption efficiency inside the double cylindrical microcavities based on a triple-band metamaterial absorber.The compact single unit cell consists of concentric gold rings with a gold disk in the center and a metallic ground plane separated by a dielectric layer.We demonstrate that the multilayer structure with subwavelength electromagnetic confinement allows 10~4-10~5-fold enhancement of the electromagnetic energy density inside the double cavities and contains the most energy of the incoming light.Particularly,the enhancement factor of energy density G shows strong ability of localizing light and some regularity as the change of the thickness of the dielectric slab and dielectric constant.At the normal incidence of electromagnetic radiation,the obtained reflection spectra show that the resonance frequencies of the double microcavities operate in the range of 10-30μm.We also calculate the absorption efficiency C,which can reach 95%,97% and 95% at corresponding frequency by optimizing the structure's geometry parameters.Moreover,the proposed structure will be insensitive to the polarization of the incident wave due to the symmetry of the double cylindrical microcavities.The proposed optical metamaterial is a promising candidate as absorbing elements in scientific and technical applications due to its extreme confinement,multiband absorption and polarization insensitivity.     

Self-Trapping of Two Bose-Einstein Condensates with a Coupling Drive

We present an approximate analytical solution to the population imbalance of two-component Bose-Einstein condensate with the coupling drive. The dependence of the time evolution of self-trapping upon the radio frequency wave, the Rabi coupling frequency, the initial atom number and relative phase between two condensates are investigated. The lower radio frequency wave, the same atom number and initial relative phase between condensates are beneficial to observe the self-trapping.     

Tunneling and Self-Trapping of Superfluid Fermi Gases in BCS-BEC Crossover

We investigate tunneling and self-trapping of superfluid Fermi gases under a two-mode ansatz in different regimes of the crossover from Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) superfluid to Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC). Starting from a generalized equation of state, we derive the coupled equations of relative atom-pair number and relative phase about superfluid Fermi gases in a double-well system and then classify the different oscillation behaviors by the
tunneling strength and interactions between atoms. Tunneling and self-trapping behaviors are considered in the whole BCS-BEC crossover in the case of a symmetric double-well potential. We show that the nonlinear interaction between atoms makes the self-trapping more easily realized in BCS regime than in the BEC regime and stability analysis is also given.     

Beamline 12.2.2: An Extreme Conditions Beamline at the Advanced Light Source

The Advanced Light Source (ALS) is a 1.9-GeV, third-generation synchrotron optimized for the production of VUV and soft X-rays from undulators. There is also a hard X-ray program at the ALS, which is based around three 6-T superconducting bending magnets [1 Robin, D. Proceedings of the 2002 European Particle Accelerator Conference. Paris, France. pp.215Geneva: EPAC..  [Google Scholar]] that shift the critical energy from 3 keV to 12 keV. The extreme conditions beamline at the ALS is situated on Beamline 12.2.2, which benefits from radiation produced by one of these superbend sources. The beamline is designed for X-ray diffraction, X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray imaging of samples held in diamond-anvil high-pressure cells (DACs). In a DAC, samples are on the order of 10 to 50 μm in diameter and 10 to 30 μm thick and are contained in a metal gasket of typical inner diameters of 100 to 150 μm. For high-quality diffraction patterns with little or no contamination from diffraction from the gasket, the X-ray beam size needs to be on the order of 10 μm × 10 μm.     

Extreme Scattering Effect: Light scattering analysis via the Discrete Sources Method

The effect of the Extraordinary Optical Transmission (Ebbesen et al. Nature 1998; 391, 667) through subwavelength holes array in noble metal screen is used for multiple practical applications in nanooptics and biophotonics. In this paper the Extreme Transmission Effect (Eremina et al. Opt. Comm. 2008; 281, 3581) in the noble metal film deposited on a glass prism in the evanescent wave’s area is in focus. The Discrete Sources Method (DSM) has been adjusted to calculate the polarized light scattering by an axially symmetric inclusion located in a film deposited on a glass prism. We extended the DSM for the evaluation of the Scattering Cross-Section in the prism domain. It has been shown that the maximum value of the Reflection Cross-Section appears at the same incident angle as for the Transmission Cross-Section. It has been demonstrated that the Reflection Cross-Section can exceed the Transmission Cross-Section under certain circumstances. Analysis of the correlation between the Plasmon Resonance in the gold film and the Extreme Scattering Effect demonstrates that the Plasmon Resonance plays an important but not the exclusive role in the appearance of the Extreme Scattering Effect.     

Self-Trapping of Two Weakly Coupled Bose-Einstein Condensates with Oscillating Atomic Scattering Length

We investigate the self-tapping phenomena for two weakly coupled Bose-Einstein condensates with a rapid periodic modulation of the atomic scattering length. By using an averaging method, the equations of motion of the slow dynamics are derived to analyze the self-trapping behavior. It is shown numerically that under certain conditions, an alternative self-trapping in either well appears.     

Self-Trapping in Discrete Nonlinear Schrdinger Equation with Next-Nearest Neighbor Interaction

The dynamical self-trapping of an excitation propagating on one-dimensional of different sizes with nextnearest neighbor (NNN) interaction is studied by means of an explicit fourth order symplectic integrator. Using localized initial conditions, the time-averaged occupation probability of the initial site is investigated which is a function of the degree of nonlinearity and the linear coupling strengths. The self-trapping transition occurs at larger values of the nonlinearity parameter as the NNN coupling strength of the lattice increases for fixed size. Furthermore, given NNN coupling strength, the self-trapping properties for different sizes are considered which are some different from the case with general nearest neighbor (NN) interaction.     

The Self-Trapping Energies of a Magnetopoloron in a Polar-Crystal Slab at Finite Temperatures

Taking into account the interaction of an electron with both bulk longitudinal-optical (BO) and surface-optical (SO) phonons, the temperature dependence of the selftrapping energies of a magnetopoloron in a polar-crystal slab in arbitrary magnetic field strengths is investigated by using the generalized Larsen perturbation-theory method.     

Freeform Metagratings Based on Complex Light Scattering Dynamics for Extreme,High Efficiency Beam Steering

Conventional phased‐array metasurfaces utilize subwavelength‐scale nanoparticles or nanowaveguides to specify spatially‐dependent amplitude and phase responses to light. An alternative design strategy is based on freeform inverse optimization, in which wavelength‐scale elements are designed to produce devices that possess exceptionally high efficiencies. In this report, we theoretically analyze the physical mechanisms enabling high efficiency in freeform‐based periodic metasurfaces, i.e., metagratings. An in‐depth coupled mode analysis of ultra‐wide‐angle beam deflectors and wavelength splitters shows that the extraordinary performance of these designs originates from the large number of propagating modes supported by the metagrating, in combination with complex multiple scattering dynamics exhibited by these modes. We also apply our coupled mode analysis to conventional nanowaveguide‐based metagratings to understand and quantify the factors limiting the efficiencies of these devices. We envision that freeform metasurface design methods will open new avenues towards high‐performance, multi‐functional optics by utilizing strongly coupled nanophotonic modes and elements.     

Extreme affine transformations

We classify the extreme points of the compact convex set of affine maps of IR ⁿ which map into itself the closed unit ball. This work is a preliminary step towards solving the problem of finding the extreme points of the compact convex set of affine maps of theN×N density matrices (dynamical maps of anN-level system) and forn=3 furnishes the solution of the problem in the simplest case of a two-level system.The bulk of this work was performed while the first author was visiting the Center for Particle Theory of the University of Texas at Austin under the partial support of the U.S.A.E.C. under contract ORO-(40-1) 3992. A travel grant under the Fulbright-Hays program is acknowledged.     

Extreme astrophysical sources

Extreme astrophysical sources, those where the largest energy transfers occur, give all way to gravity's fatal attraction to sustain their unrivalled power. With a special emphasis on space observations, we present an inventory of extreme astrophysical sources which follows the filiation supernovae, neutron stars and black holes, before ending with supermassive black holes. This ill-assorted population of cosmic sites has some traits in common, the black-hole relativistic-jet connection being commonplace, from solar-mass specimens up to supermassive ones.     

InAs晶体二维自旋磁极化子自陷能的磁温效应

 在同时考虑磁场和高温高压的情况下,应用么正变换和线性组合算符法,研究了电子自旋对弱耦合二维磁极化子自陷能的影响。对InAs半导体所作的数值计算结果表明,不同方向的电子自旋使弱耦合二维磁极化子的自陷能分裂为二。分裂的程度随磁场的加强而加剧。随着磁场或温度的增加,磁极化子的自陷能减小而电子自旋能量与磁极化子自陷能之比增大。当磁场足够强或温度足够高时,电子自旋能量与磁极化子自陷能之比是很大的。