CuCl/菲咯啉/甲基咪唑催化甲醇/乙醇氧化羰化一步合成碳酸甲乙酯

 研究了CuCl与含氮杂环化合物配体1, 10-菲咯啉(phen)和N-甲基咪唑(NMI)形成的配合物催化剂对甲醇/乙醇氧化羰化一步合成碳酸甲乙酯(MEC)反应的催化活性. 讨论了配体的配比、甲醇和乙醇的相对用量、温度及压力等因素对甲醇和乙醇的转化率及MEC产率的影响. 结果表明,CuCl/phen/NMI原位配合物催化剂对氧化羰化一步合成MEC反应具有较高的催化活性. 配体phen及NMI对反应产物的选择性有明显的调变作用,甲醇和乙醇的配比对产物分布有很大的影响. 在V(MeOH)/V(EtOH)=0.25,c(CuCl)=0.20 mol/L,n(CuCl)∶n(NMI)∶n(phen)=1∶1.25∶1.25,p=2.40 MPa,θ=120 ℃的条件下反应2 h,甲醇的转化率为44.3%,乙醇的转化率为22.3%,MEC的产率为10.4%.     

酯交换法合成碳酸甲乙酯

以碳酸钾为催化剂,在一定温度下乙醇和碳酸二甲酯进行酯交换反应合成了碳酸甲乙酯。系统地研究了反应物配比、催化剂用量和反应时间等因素对反应的影响,讨论了产物分离的工艺条件。当碳酸二甲酯用量为528mmol,n(碳酸二甲酯)：n(乙醇)=4：1,1K2CO3的摩尔百分用量为0．015％,反应7h,乙醇的转化率为86．9％,碳酸甲乙酯的产率为86．5％,选择性为99．7％。同时,产物的分离简捷。     

CuCl／OIH的合成、表征及其甲醇氧化羰化催化性能研究

合成了有机无机杂化材料负载的CuCl/席夫碱配合物催化剂CuCl/OIH,考察了制备条件对OIH载体及其合成中间产物的影响。采用FTIR、NMR、EA、TGA对有机无机杂化材料及催化剂进行了表征。将负载催化剂CuCl/OIH用于甲醇氧化羰化合成碳酸二甲酯反应,结果表明,负载催化剂CuCl/OIH与CuCl催化剂相比,碳酸二甲酯(DMC)产率提高了25%,负载催化剂循环使用四次后铜流失率仅为2.3wt%。     

Cu(phen)Cl_2催化甲醇氧化羰基化合成碳酸二甲酯

以CuCl2和邻菲啰啉(phen)为原料,在甲醇和乙醇混合溶剂中制备了Cu(phen)Cl2,采用傅里叶红外光谱、热重分析和H2程序升温还原对其进行了表征,并研究了其在甲醇氧化羰基化合成碳酸二甲酯(DMC)反应中的催化性能.结果表明,Cu(phen)Cl2不仅具有较高的热稳定性,而且因phen与Cu(Ⅱ)间的σ-π配位作用而具有较高的催化活性.在催化剂浓度0.011mol/L,反应温度150℃,反应压力4.0MPa和p(CO)/p(O2)=19的条件下,生成DMC的转化数(TON)可达51.5.研究还发现,反应存在诱导期,且TON随温度呈"M"形变化,据此提出了新的羰氧化反应机理.     

乙醇在CuCl/Schiff碱上催化氧化羰化合成碳酸二乙酯

CuCl/Schiff碱催化剂;乙醇在CuCl/Schiff碱上催化氧化羰化合成碳酸二乙酯     

Pd(PPh3)2Cl2CuCl2/AC催化乙醇氧化羰化合成碳酸二乙酯

采用浸渍法制备了乙醇直接气相氧化羰化合成碳酸二乙酯的负载型催化剂，并在连续流动固定床反应装置上评价了催化剂的反应活性，考察了催化剂活性组分、载体、活性组分负载量等因素对催化反应活性的影响。结果表明，活性炭是较好的载体，CuCl2是较好的铜盐前驱体，添加了Pd(PPh3)2Cl2的CuCl2/AC催化剂活性更高。当Cu负载量为9.0%，Pd负载量为0.5%时，催化剂的活性较好。在优化的催化剂制备条件下，乙醇的转化率超过30%，碳酸二乙酯（DEC）的选择性达到95%。     

烷氧基化法一步合成乙酸乙二醇单乙醚酯的反应研究

采用具备酸碱双活性位的复合金属氧化物固体催化剂,催化乙酸乙酯(EA)、环氧乙烷(EO)的羧酸酯乙氧基化反应,合成乙酸乙二醇单乙醚酯(CAC)。探索了铝镁锆、铝锌锆等7种不同类型的三金属复合氧化物对EA乙氧基化反应的影响,并研究了EA乙氧基化反应中原料配比、反应温度、催化剂用量等对EO转化率、CAC产率的影响。实验结果表明,铝镁锆复合金属氧化物催化剂具有较高的催化活性,在EA∶EO原料摩尔比为4∶1、反应温度120℃、催化剂用量为1.5(wt)%时,EO转化率为88.3%,CAC产率为43.5%,乙酸二(三)乙二醇单乙醚酯(DCAC,TCAC)产率分别为26.7%和11.4%。     

烷氧基化法一步合成乙二醇乙醚乙酸酯的反应研究

采用具备酸碱双活性位的复合金属氧化物固体催化剂,催化乙酸乙酯(EA)、环氧乙烷(EO)的羧酸酯乙氧基化反应,合成乙酸乙二醇单乙醚酯(CAC)。探索了铝镁锆、铝锌锆等7种不同类型的三金属复合氧化物对EA乙氧基化反应的影响,并研究了EA乙氧基化反应中原料配比、反应温度、催化剂用量等对EO转化率、CAC产率的影响。实验结果表明,铝镁锆复合金属氧化物催化剂具有较高的催化活性,在EA∶EO原料摩尔比为4∶1、反应温度120℃、催化剂用量为1.5(wt)%时,EO转化率为88.3%,CAC产率为43.5%,乙酸二(三)乙二醇单乙醚酯(DCAC,TCAC)产率分别为26.7%和11.4%。     

NaHSO4·H2O催化合成苯甲酸甲酯

以NaHSO4*H2O催化苯甲酸与甲醇的酯化反应,合成了苯甲酸甲酯.研究结果表明,NaHSO4*H2O具有较高的催化活性.考察了苯甲酸/甲醇摩尔比、催化剂用量及反应时间对酯产率的影响.在优化反应条件[n(苯甲酸)∶n(甲醇)∶n(NaHSO4*H2O)=1∶2∶0.29,回流8h]下,苯甲酸甲酯产率达85.3%.     

咪唑类化合物-CuCl络合催化剂在甲醇氧化羰基化反应中的催化性能

研究了咪唑及其衍生物配合CuCl对甲醇液相氧化羰化合成碳酸二甲酯的催化性能。筛选出溶解性好、腐蚀性小且催化活性高的多功能助催剂。实验结果表明，反应体系中加入N-甲基咪唑后，CuCl可以完全溶解。当催化剂的浓度为0.2 mol/L, N-甲基咪唑与CuCl的量为4∶1，反应温度为120 ℃，反应压力为2.40 MPa，CO与O2的进气比2∶1，反应3 h的条件下甲醇的摩尔转化率为15.4%，选择性为98%以上。从腐蚀性试验结果看，50 ℃时，加入N-甲基咪唑化合物后，Q235钢在CuCl/CH3OH/H2O/CO/O2体系中的腐蚀速率为0.22mm/a，缓蚀效率为94.5%。动力学研究表明，反应近似为一级，加入N-甲基咪唑后，反应速率常数为0.15 min－1。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Copper catalyzed/mediated synthetic methodology for ebselen and related isoselenazolones

Scope of the copper catalyzed/mediated selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been studied for the synthesis of isoselenazolones. It is noticed that the 2-chloro, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-aryl amides substrates can be exploited in the selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction by employing 25-100 mol % of CuI/1,10-phenanthroline (L) and potassium carbonate as a base in DMF. Furthermore, electron rich 2-chloro-arylamides also underwent selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction to give biologically important selenium-nitrogen heterocycles. Also, copper-catalyzed selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been meticulously applied for the synthesis of diaryl diselenides having methoxy, amine, and amide functionality from respective aryl iodides in the presence of stoichiometric amount of succinimide as an external Se-N coupling partner.     

Knoevenagel condensation catalyzed by novel Nmm-based ionic liquids in water

A series of novel N-methyl morpholine (Nmm) based ionic liquids with 1,2-propanediol group were synthesized and used as catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation at room temperature in water. Under the effect of the catalyst, various aldehydes or aliphatic ketones could react with a wide range of activated methylene compounds well, including malononitrile, alkyl cyanoacetate, cyanoacetamide, β-diketone, barbituric acid, 2-arylacetonitrile and thiazolidinedione. Furthermore, most of the products could be separated just by filtrating and washing with water. Additionally, the catalyst is recyclable and applicable for the large-scale synthesis.     

Construction of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives via sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction

A series of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives were obtained in moderate to excellent yields via a catalyst-free sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 under mild conditions. We also present the first asymmetric sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 with moderate to good enantioselectivities catalyzed by readily available chiral phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs).     

Suzuki-Miyaura reactions of the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor NS2028: a non-product specific route to C-8 substituted analogues

Both soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitors ODQ 1 and NS2028 2 are synthesized via improved protocols. In the former case treating 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one oxime 8, which can be prepared in two steps from 1,2-benzenediamine, with 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) gives the dihydro-ODQ 10 that in the presence of KMnO₄ oxidises to give ODQ 1 in an overall yield of 46% starting from 1,2-benzenediamine. In the latter case, the synthesis affords NS2028 2 from 2-amino-4-bromophenol 3 in three steps with an overall yield of 85% and avoids the need for chromatography. Furthermore, Suzuki-Miyaura reaction conditions are described that enable the preparation of 8-aryl and 8-heteroaryl derivatives of NS2028 directly from NS2028 2. Finally, demethylation of the 8-(methoxyphenyl) substituted analogues afforded the 8-(hydroxyphenyl) derivatives 40-42. All new products are fully characterised.