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1.
Received: 10 July 1998/Revised version: 21 September 1998 相似文献
2.
F. Lanciotti Jr. P.S. Pizani C.E.M. Campos E.R. Leite L.P.S. Santos N.L.V. Carreño E. Longo 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2002,74(6):787-789
Raman scattering and photoluminescence (PL) studies on milled PbTiO3 are presented in this paper. The results suggest that the visible PL emission could be related to both the localized states
in the interface between the amorphous layer and the crystalline core and the amorphous layer itself. The Raman spectrum of
PbTiO3 milled for a long time showed the vibrational density of states, and a detailed analysis of the soft mode allowed us to conclude
that the PbTiO3 crystalline core did not experience any structural phasetransition.
Received: 2 February 2001 / Accepted: 23 July 2001 / Published online: 17 October 2001 相似文献
3.
I. Vrejoiu J.D. Pedarnig M. Dinescu S. Bauer-Gogonea D. Bäuerle 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2002,74(3):407-409
BaTiO3–polymer composite layers have been produced by the spin-on technique (thickness 3–10 μm). The dielectric permittivity of
the layers at room temperature can be tuned from 2.8 to approximately 33 by varying the ceramic filling from 0 to 60% by volume.
The dielectric properties of the films are almost insensitive to temperature variations in the range 20–180 °C. Free-standing
composite layers with ceramic content ≤50% are flexible without noticeable change of permittivity after repeated mechanical
bending.
Received: 22 November 2001 / Accepted: 24 November 2001 / Published online: 23 January 2002 相似文献
4.
W.-C. Liu A.-D. Li J. Tan D. Wu H. Ye N.-B. Ming 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2005,81(3):543-547
Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 (PZT) nanocrystals and transparent polycarbonate (PC) composite thin films with useful properties for ferroelectric, piezoelectric and electro-optic devices were prepared by a spin-coating technique. Ultra-fine PZT (∼40–50 nm) nanocrystals with pure perovskite tetragonal phase were synthesized by a hydrothermal method. The structure and morphology of the composite thin films were studied by means of X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. To obtain the optimum electro-optic properties of poled composite films, the poling condition under an external electric field was optimized through the dielectric properties of PZT and PC polymer and effective field intensity theory. The electro-optic coefficient of the poled PZT/PC composite film is estimated to be 30.5 pm/V. The transparency spectra were measured and the optical band gaps of the unpoled, poled at 145 °C and poled at 165 °C composite thin films are estimated to be 4.26 eV, 4.21 eV and 4.18 eV, respectively. The measured dielectric constants of PZT/PC are in good agreement with the calculated values for the composite with a very small PZT volume fraction, based on the Onsager effective-field theory. This offers a reliable and indirect way to predict the dielectric constant of nanocrystals. PACS 81.40.Tv; 78.66.Sq; 78.66.Vs 相似文献
5.
The refractive indices of tetragonal (1−x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-xPbTiO3 (PMN-xPT) single crystals were measured with a prism coupler and their linear electro-optic (EO) properties were investigated from 20 to 80 °C by the automated scanning Sénarmont system with an ac field. The composition and temperature effect on the EO coefficients were also discussed. It has been found that their EO coefficients are much larger than that of widely used LiNbO3 single crystal and the calculated half-wave voltages are also much lower, which enable the operation at lower voltages and the smaller device dimensions. Since the excellent EO properties are very stable and such high quality single crystals with large-size have been obtained, the PMN-xPT single crystals are a very promising candidate for EO modulation applications. By linking to the polarization-related quadratic EO coefficients, we find that the linear EO properties are related with the spontaneous polarization and dielectric constants. 相似文献
6.
G.K. Kitaeva I.I. Naumova A.A. Mikhailovsky P.S. Losevsky A.N. Penin 《Applied physics. B, Lasers and optics》1998,66(2):201-205
3 crystals are measured in the transparency region (with the accuracy ±0.0002) and for the upper phonon polariton branch (with
the accuracy ±0.003–±0.05), from 0.44 μm up to 10.5 μm. The method of spontaneous parametric light scattering is used for
measurement of the ordinary refractive index dispersion in the mid-infrared region and for determination of the domain grating
period d=5.6±0.2 μm in the periodically-poled crystal.
Received: 29 January 1997/Revised version: 10 July 1997 相似文献
7.
I. Savova I. Savatinova P. Kircheva E. Liarokapis 《Applied physics. B, Lasers and optics》2001,73(5-6):565-568
In this work we present polarized Raman measurements of z-cut multimode H:LiNbO3 waveguides in the κi- and βi-phase states. A spectrum with unexpected form and behaviour, originating from the layer at the very surface, was observed
in samples with various degrees of Li–H substitution. Possible reasons for the presence of this strange spectrum are considered.
Received: 16 May 2001 / Revised version: 7 August 2001 / Published online: 23 October 2001 相似文献
8.
We report on germania/organically modified silane (ormosil) hybrid materials produced by the sol–gel technique for photonic
applications. Acid-catalyzed solutions of γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane mixed with germanium isopropoxide have been used
as precursors for the hybrid materials. Planar waveguide films with a thickness of about 2 μm have been prepared by a single
spin-coating process and low-temperature heat treatment from these high germanium content hybrid materials. Atomic force microscopy,
thermal gravimetric analysis, UV–visible spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy have been used to investigate
the optical and structural properties of the films. The results have indicated that a dense, low absorption, and high transparency
(in the visible range) waveguide film could be achieved at a low temperature. A strong UV-absorption region at short wavelengths
∼200 nm, accompanied by a shoulder peaked at ∼240 nm, has been noticed due to the neutral oxygen monovacancy defects. The
propagation mode and loss properties of the planar waveguide films have also been investigated by using a prism-coupling technique.
Received: 5 November 2002 /
Revised version: 27 December 2002 / Published online: 19 March 2003
RID="*"
ID="*"Corresponding author. Fax: +65-67909081, E-mail: ewxque@ntu.edu.sg 相似文献
9.
W.X. Que Y. Zhou Y.L. Lam C.H. Kam J. Zhou K. Pita Y.C. Chan S. Buddhudu L.H. Gan G.R. Deen 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2001,73(4):485-488
Neodymium (III) oxide nanocrystal/titania/organically-modified silane (ormosil) composite thin films have been prepared using
a chemical approach consisting of a combination of inverse microemulsion and sol-gel techniques at low temperature. Transmission
electron microscopy shows that the neodymium (III) oxide nanoparticles have a needle-like nanocrystal structure. A strong
room temperature emission at 1064 nm, corresponding to the 4
F
3/2?4
I
11/2 transition, has been observed as a function of the heat treatment temperature used for the production of the composite thin
films. In addition to this emission, two other main emissions at 890 nm and at 1336 nm have also been observed. In particular,
there was a clear shoulder peak at 1145 nm, probably be due to the host matrix, which was observed in all the measured samples
and this shoulder peak gave a maximum intensity after heat treatment at 300 °C.
Received: 6 September 2000 / Accepted: 15 November 2000 / Published online: 20 June 2001 相似文献
10.
U.N. Roy K. Mallik L.M. Kukreja 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》1998,67(2):259-261
0 ) in the reflectivity spectra has been found to be blue-shifted with respect to that for bulk CdS. The appearance of the E1(A) peak at about 5 eV is evidence for the hexagonal nature of the particles with the c axis normal or nearly normal to the
plane of the film. This suggests the epitaxial nature of the grown particulate films. Another reflectivity peak has been observed
at about 320 nm. However, its origin is not yet clear.
Received: 26 May 1998/Accepted: 28 May 1998 相似文献
11.
T. Sterkenburgh H. Franke M. Becker M. Garen W.F.X. Frank 《Applied physics. B, Lasers and optics》1999,68(5):1061-1067
The fabrication of deep grooves with a high aspect ratio in poly-methylmethacrylate using excimer laser radiation (248 nm)
and a cylindric lens has been investigated. The form of the grooves and their dimensions are evaluated with respect to the
recording parameters. The patterns and their widths and depths may be adapted in a wide range depending on the particular
application. As an example grooves for coupling monomode optical silica fibers were fabricated.
Simulations were performed in order to explain the pattern formation. In a simple model the thermo-optic etching process may
be simulated using a Gaussian-shaped laser beam and the FDBPM approach.
Received: 7 December 1998 / Revised version: 12 January 1999 / Published online: 12 April 1999 相似文献
12.
V.A. Fedorov Yu.N. Korkishko J.A. Sanz-García E. Cantelar R. Nevado G. Lifante F. Cussó 《Applied physics. B, Lasers and optics》2001,73(5-6):449-451
We report the dependence of the unit-cell parameters and the extraordinary and ordinary refractive indices of Er3+/Yb3+-codoped LiNbO3 crystals. Both properties depend in a non-monotonic manner on the Er3+/Yb3+ content. A singularity was observed at concentrations of 1.1-1.2 mol. % in the crystal (0.6-0.7 mol. % in the melt). In the
same way the Er and Yb concentration influences the periodically poled lithium niobate formation. The observed behavior of
refractive indices and unit-cell parameters of Er3+/Yb3+-codoped LiNbO3 crystals could be explained in terms of the RE3+-ion concentration affecting the Li-vacancy concentration and the RE3+-ion positions in the crystal.
Received: 21 May 2001 / Revised version: 22 August 2001 / Published online: 23 October 2001 相似文献
13.
E. Márquez J.M. González-Leal R. Prieto-Alcón M. Vlcek A. Stronski T. Wagner D. Minkov 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》1998,67(3):371-378
40 S40Se20, deposited by thermal evaporation, were obtained in the 400 nm to 2200 nm spectral region. The optical constants of this
amorphous material were computed using an optical characterization method based mainly on the ideas of Minkov and Swanepoel
of utilising the upper and lower envelopes of the spectrum, which allows us to obtain both the real and imaginary parts of
the complex refractive index, and the film thickness. Thickness measurements made by a surface-profiling stylus have been
carried out to cross-check the results obtained by the optical method. The dispersion of the refractive index is discussed
in terms of the single-oscillator Wemple–DiDomenico model. The optical band gap has been determined from absorption coefficient
data by Tauc’s procedure. Finally, the photo-induced and thermally induced changes in the optical properties of a-As40S40Se20 thin films were also studied, using both transmission and reflection spectra.
Received: 11 February 1998/Accepted: 16 February 1998 相似文献
14.
V. Palyok A. Mishak I. Szabó D.L. Beke A. Kikineshi 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》1999,68(4):489-492
Received: 13 October 1998 / Accepted: 9 December 1998 / Published online: 24 February 1999 相似文献
15.
A.B. Djurišić C.Y. Kwong T.W. Lau E.H. Li Z.T. Liu H.S. Kwok L.S.M. Lam W.K. Chan 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2003,76(2):219-223
Optical functions of tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3) have been studied in the spectral range from 1.55 eV to 5 eV using spectroscopic ellipsometry. The samples have been deposited
by thermal evaporation on glass substrates. Optical functions of Alq3 deposited on unheated substrates and on substrates kept at 100 °C have been determined. The optical functions have been modeled
using point-to-point fitting, with the conventional oscillator model and modified oscillator model. It has been found that
point-to-point fitting gives the best agreement with the experimental data, and that the modified oscillator model yields
better agreement with the experimental data than the conventional oscillator model.
Received: 3 September 2001 / Accepted: 22 March 2002 / Published online: 5 July 2002
RID="*"
ID="*"Corresponding author. Fax: +852-2559/8738, E-mail: dalek@eee.hku.hk 相似文献
16.
H.-T. Jung 《Applied physics. B, Lasers and optics》2000,70(2):237-242
The optical, thermal, and structural behavior of a laser-irradiated dye-in-polymer bilayer film consisting of an elastic and
a plastic layer was investigated by a computer modeling and recording experiment. The results of numerical calculations describe
absorption of optical energy in the recording layers, the heat flow, and the resultant bump formation throughout the multilayer.
Recording performance of the material is strongly affected by the dye concentration and the thickness of the plastic layer.
The calculated and measured properties of the media are compared, and the relationship between the dye concentration, thickness
of plastic layer, and thermal, structural, and recording performance are described.
Received: 9 March 1999 / Revised version: 10 May 1999 / Published online: 29 July 1999 相似文献
17.
A complete optical characterization in the visible region of thin copper oxide films has been performed by ellipsometry. Copper
oxide films of various thicknesses were grown on thick copper films by low temperature thermal oxidation at 125 °C in air
for different time intervals. The thickness and optical constants of the copper oxide films were determined in the visible
region by ellipsometric measurements. It was found that a linear time law is valid for the oxide growth in air at 125 °C.
The spectral behaviour of the optical constants and the value of the band gap in the oxide films determined by ellipsometry
in this study are in agreement with the behaviour of those of Cu2O, which have been obtained elsewhere through reflectance and transmittance methods. The band gap of copper oxide, determined
from the spectral behaviour of the absorption coefficient was about 2 eV, which is the generally accepted value for Cu2O. It was therefore concluded that the oxide composition of the surface film grown on copper is in the form of Cu2O (cuprous oxide). It was also shown that the reflectance spectra of the copper oxide–copper structures exhibit behaviour
expected from a single layer antireflection coating of Cu2O on Cu.
Received: 19 July 2001 / Accepted: 27 July 2001 / Published online: 17 October 2001 相似文献
18.
U.N. Roy A. Ingale L.M. Kukreja S. Mishra V. Ganesan K.C. Rustagi 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》1999,69(4):385-388
Cadmium sulphide nanocrystals were grown at room temperature (20 °C) under arachidic acid monolayers floating over an aqueous
solution of CdCl2 inside an enclosed Langmuir-Blodgett set-up, through slow infusion of H2S gas. X-ray diffraction spectra suggest an oriented growth of the crystallites. The particle sizes were found to increase
with duration of exposure to the H2S gas. Atomic force microscopy indicated that the particles were nearly circular pellets with uniform morphology throughout.
In Raman spectra, the FWHM of the LO phonon was found to be large (≈20 cm-1) for all the films grown with different exposure times in H2S gas, and was found to reduce to 8 cm-1 after annealing a typical sample at 500 °C for 45 min.
Received: 30 September 1998 / Accepted: 29 March 1999 / Published online: 11 August 1999 相似文献
19.
The complete set of self-consistent parameters of nominally undoped LiNbO3 crystals of congruent composition that describe the electro-optic, piezoelectric, elasto-optic, elastic, and dielectric response
has been determined by numerically evaluating available measurements. The parameters were determined at room temperature and
consist of the low-frequency clamped dielectric constants εS
ij, elastic stiffness constants at constant electric field CE
ijkl, piezoelectric stress coefficients eijk, elasto-optic constants at constant electric field pE
ijkl, and clamped electro-optic coefficients rS
ijk. It is shown that the complete set is required for calculating the effective electro-optic coefficients and dielectric constants
in photorefractive applications of LiNbO3.
Received: 4 January 2002 / Revised version: 1 February 2002 / Published online: 14 March 2002 相似文献
20.
Reversible and athermal photo-vitrification of As50Se50 thin films deposited onto silicon wafer and glass substrates 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
R. Prieto-Alcón E. Márquez J.M. González-Leal R. Jiménez-Garay A.V. Kolobov M. Frumar 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》1999,68(6):653-661
Photo-vitrification of As50Se50 thin films deposited onto silicon wafer and glass substrates has been studied using X-ray diffraction, far-infrared, and
differential infrared spectroscopies. The optical study of this photo-amorphization effect has been carried out by two different
methods enabling the determination of the average thickness and refractive index of a wedge-shaped thin film. The refractive-index
behaviour of the as-evaporated, crystallized, and photo-vitrified As50Se50 films is analyzed within the single-oscillator approach. The optical-absorption edge is described using the non-direct transition
model, and the optical energy gap is calculated. In the course of the vitrification of an As50Se50 thin film deposited on a silicon substrate the photo-oxidation of the film has been additionally detected and arsenic trioxide
micro-crystals were formed on the surface of the film. Such oxidation has not been observed with As50Se50 films deposited on glass substrates, which demonstrates that the photo-vitrification phenomenon depends also on the type
of substrate. Finally, it is concluded from the optical study that a reversible photo-darkening effect accompanies the photo-induced
vitrification phenomenon.
Received: 3 August 1998 / Accepted: 13 January 1999 / Published online: 7 April 1999 相似文献