Einfache Resonanzversuche am symmetrischen Kreisel

Summary Investigations are carried out on forced oscillations of a heavy symmetrical gyroscope-rotating with constant angular velocity about its axis of symmetry-as a function of an external linear or elliptical sinusoidal periodic force acting in horizontal direction on this gyroscope. The purpose of this work was to find a mechanic model for the phenomenon of nuclear induction. Experiments with the arrangement shown in figure 1 prove that the forced vibrations left over, after the natural vibrations have ceased, consist in a rotation of the body's axis on an elliptic cone. It is demonstrated how sense of rotation, orientation of the principal axis of the ellipse and phase difference between forced vibrations and acting external torque vary with frequency. Two frequencies of resonance are found, one at the natural frequency of precession and one at that of nutation, the first case corresponding to nuclear induction. An elementary calculation of the two frequencies of resonance is given.     

Normal modes of oscillations of a rotating membrane with a rigid central insert (an application of Heun functions)

The eigenvalues problem eigenvalues for the equation of the transverse oscillations of a homogeneous annular membrane with a rigid insert, rotating with a constant angular velocity about its central axis, is considered. Exact analytical expressions for the eigenfunctions in terms of special functions (local Heun functions), as well as normalization integrals, are found. An explicit expression for the time-invariant shape of the membrane during regular precession of its rotation axis is obtained.     

Asymptotic estimates for slowly rotating Newtonian stars

This work is mainly concerned with the rotating Newtonian stars with prescribed angular velocity law. For general compressible fluids, the existence of rotating star solutions was proved by using concentration-compactness principle. In this paper, we establish the asymptotic estimates on the diameters of the stars with small rotation. The novelty of this paper is that a direct and concise definition of slowly rotating stars is given, different from the case with given angular momentum law, and the most general fluids are considered.     

Free and forced convection flow in a rotating channel bounded below by a permeable bed

The steady flow in a parallel plate channel rotating with an angular velocity Ω and bounded below by a permeable bed is analysed under the effect of buoyancy force. On the porous bed the boundary condition of Beavers and Joseph is applied and an exact solution of the governing equations is found. The solution in dimensionless form contains four parameters: The permeability parameterσ ², the Grashof numberG, the rotation parameterK ² and a dimensionless constantα. The effects of these parameters, specially,σ ², G andK ², on the slip velocities and velocity distributions are studied. For largeK ², there arise thin boundary layers on the walls of the channel.     

Vibration analysis of Nano-Rotor's Blade applying Eringen nonlocal elasticity and generalized differential quadrature method

This study investigates the small scale effect on the flapwise bending vibrations of a rotating nanoplate. The nanoplate is modeled with a classical plate theory and considering cantilever and propped cantilever boundary conditions. Due to the rotation, the axial forces are included in the model as true spatial variation. Hamilton's principle is used to derive the governing equation and boundary conditions of the classical plate theory based on Eringen's nonlocal elasticity theory. The generalized differential quadrature method is employed to solve the governing equation. The effect of small-scale parameter, non-dimensional angular velocity, non-dimensional hub radius, aspect ratio, and different boundary conditions in the first four non-dimensional frequencies is discussed. Due to considering rotating effects, results of this study are applicable in nano-machines such as nano-motors and nano-turbines and other nanostructures.     

Bifurcations of the precessional motion of an unbalanced rotor

The loss of stability of the cylindrical and conical precession of a rigid unbalanced rotor in non-linear elastic bearings with dissipation accompanying a change in the angular velocity of rotation of the rotor is investigated. It is assumed that the rotor has four degrees of freedom. It is established, using equations of the first degree of approximation, that the loss of stability of cylindrical and conical precessions on passing through a zero root can be accompanied by the excitation of a direct synchronous precession of the hyperboloidal type. Moreover, the equation of the boundary for the onset of self-excited oscillations is obtained and it is shown by means of numerical modelling that supercritical Hopf bifurcation and a strange attractor can occur.     

The local boundedness of the perturbed motions of a gyroscope in gimbals with dissipative and accelerating forces

The motion of an unbalanced gyroscope in gimbals in a central Newtonian field of forces is considered, taking the masses of the suspension rings into account. It is assumed that there is a moment of forces of viscous friction acting on the axis of rotation of one of the rings, and there is an accelerating (electromagnetic) moment applied to the axis of rotation axis of the other ring. The equations of motion have a partial solution such that the mean velocity of the outer ring is perpendicular to the direction from the centre of gravitation S to the stationary point O, the middle plane of the inner ring contains this direction, and the gyroscope rotates about SO with an arbitrary constant angular velocity.     

Auto-balancing of a rotor with an orthotropic elastic shaft

The self-balancing of a statically unbalanced orthotropic elastic rotor equipped with a ball auto-balancing device is investigated. Equations of motion in fixed and rotating systems of coordinates, as well as equations describing steady motions of the regular precession type, are derived using a simple model of a Jeffcott rotor. Formulae for calculating the amplitude-frequency and phase-frequency characteristics of the precessional motion of the rotor are obtained. It is established that the conditions for a steady balanced mode of motion for an orthotropic rotor to exist have the same form as for an isotropic rotor, but the stability region of such a mode for an orthotropic rotor is narrower than the stability region for an isotropic rotor. The unsteady modes of motion of the rotor in the case of rotation with constant angular velocity and in the case of passage through critical velocities with constant angular acceleration is investigated numerically. It is established that the mode of slow passage through the critical region for an orthotropic rotor is far more dangerous than the similar mode for an isotropic rotor.     

Thermoactive vibration control of shafts

Flexible long‐span rotating shafts exhibit flutter instability conditioned by internal friction in bending at high rotation speeds. Under usual working conditions a shaft may be additionally subjected to external excitations related to unbalance forcing or edge bearing movements. Flutter occurs at angular speeds exceeding the lowest natural frequency of the shaft as a nonrotating beam. Thus, externally excited resonances mostly appear in the subcritical speed zone although they can interact with flutter vibration as well. The present paper is concerned with resonant vibration control of shafts based on application of thermoactive SMA components in composite shaft structures, as conceptually shown in [1]. The well known unique properties of SMAs consisting in huge changes of the elastic modulus and its loss factor as results of a reversible martensitic phase transformation under slight temperature variations [2] promise to control shaft vibrations through temperature‐induced modal modifications of the structure. The main resonance of a simply supported rotating shaft is considered to be controlled by open‐loop SMA activation. Efficiency of thermoactive vibration control is analysed and a concept of an intelligent self‐controlled shaft structure is introduced. Geometric nonlinearity is assumed in modelling and computer simulations to show the thermoactive resonance suppression including the case when both externally excited and flutter vibrations interact.     

Variable energy blast wave through rotating gas

The aim of the present paper is to study the propagation of a variable energy blast wave (cylindrical) through a gas having solid-body rotation. The modified similarity method has been used to obtain the first, second and third approximation solutions. The analysis shows that the effects of solid-body rotation on the flow are of third order. Variation of pressure, density and radial velocity distributions with initial angular velocity has been discussed.     

Vibrations of a rotating oblate ellipsoidal shell

We consider the vibrations of an oblate ellipsoidal shell with a central rigid insertion rotating with a constant angular velocity about a vertical symmetry axis. The spin axis rotates uniformly. We construct partial differential equations describing the periodic elastic motion of the shell due to the translational, relative, and coriolis inertial forces. The displacement in the equatorial region of the shell is found as a function of the spin angular velocity for different values of the geometric parameters of the shell.Translated Teoreticheskaya i Prikladnaya Mekhanika, No. 20, pp. 81–84, 1989.     

The application of the solid-angle theorem in the special theory of relativity

Ishlinskii's theorem, well known in classical mechanics, asserts that if an axis, selected in a rigid body, having zero projection of the angular velocity onto this axis, described a closed conical surface during the motion of the body, then, after the axis has returned to its initial position the body will have described an angle around it numerically equal to solid angle of the described cone. It is shown that the same relation also exists in the Special Theory of Relativity—the angle of rotation described by a rigid body during motion along a curvilinear trajectory due to the Thomas precession effect, is numerically equal to the solid angle observed in a fixed frame of reference described by an axis connected with the body due to a change in the rotation of the image of the rigid body. The latter phenomenon is due to the Lorentz contraction of the length and the retardation of light radiated by different parts of the body [10–13].     

Predicting nonlinear dynamic response of internal cantilever beam system on a steadily rotating ring

This paper is focused on nonlinear dynamic response of internal cantilever beam system on a steadily rotating ring via a nonlinear dynamic model. The analytical approximate solutions to the oscillation motion are obtained by combining Newton linearization with Galerkin's method. Numerical solutions could be obtained by using the shooting method on the exact governing equation. Compared with numerical solutions, the approximate analytical solutions here show excellent accuracy and rapid convergence. Two different kinds of oscillating internal cantilever beam system on a steadily rotating ring are investigated by using the analytical approximate solutions. These include symmetric vibration through three equilibrium points, and asymmetric vibration through the only trivial equilibrium point. The effects of geometric and physical parameters on dynamic response are useful and can be easily applied to design practical engineering structures. In particular, the ring angular velocity plays a significant role on the period and periodic solution of the beam oscillation. In conclusion, the analytical approximate solutions presented here are sufficiently precise for a wide range of oscillation amplitudes.     

The limiting steady rotations of a body on a string with a suspension point on the axis of symmetry

The steady motions of an axisymmetrical rigid body suspended from a fixed base by a weightless undeformable rod or a non-twisting inextensible string are investigated. The case when the rod is fastened to the body at a point situated on its axis of dynamic symmetry is considered. All types of limiting equilibrium configurations which are possible when there is an unlimited increase in the angular velocity of rotation of the system about the vertical are analysed. Domains in which each type of limiting regular precession and permanent rotation can exist are constructed in the space of dimensionless parameters, and the nature of their asymptotic behaviour when the angular velocity increases is determined. The limiting motions which are possible in the case of suspension on a rod and impossible in the case of suspension on a string are investigated.     

Le décrochage tournant des machines axiales génératrices monoétages Lois de similitude

Summary It is known that when an axial flow compressor running at constant speed is throttled down, a phenomenon of rotating stall may occur in one or several intermediate stages. The velocity of propagation of the latter phenomenon has to be investigated as it determines the frequency of the blade vibrations excited by this non-steady stall.This investigation was carried out on a single rotor. The similarity laws in the working region associated with rotating stall were found and the similarity laws relative to the velocity of propagation of stall were also determined when a discontinuity in the characteristic curve was associated with this phenomenon.It is also shown that the velocity of rotating stall may be determined from an induced phenomenon: sound or vibration analysis.     

Dynamic motion of whirling rods with Coriolis effect

Longitudinal vibrations coupled with transverse vibrations of whirling rods are investigated. It is known that longitudinal and transverse vibrations are governed by second and fourth order differential equations, respectively. Due to the Coriolis effect, a system of equations that governs the longitudinal and transverse displacements will be constructed by coupling these two equations together. Solutions of the equations assume small oscillations of vibration being superimposed on the steady state of the whirling rod. Exact and approximate solutions are obtained from the proposed governing equations, where the approximate solutions on displacements and natural frequencies are acquired by neglecting the Coriolis effect. A proposed numerical scheme known as complete function collocation method is implemented to solve the governing equations coupled with longitudinal and transverse displacements. The approximate results on both longitudinal and transverse natural frequencies show that natural frequencies are decreasing while the angular velocity of the rod is increasing. Exact and numerical results on both longitudinal and transverse natural frequencies show that there are no predictable trends whether natural frequencies are increasing or decreasing while the angular velocity of the rod is increasing.     

Critical states of thin-wall conical gyroscopes elastically attached to a rotating platform

The analysis of effects of emergence of critical states of rigid and elastic thin-wall conical shell frustums hinged or elastically attached by their smaller edges to a rotating platform is performed on the basis of hybrid differential equations. The cases of simple and compound rotations of the carrying platform are considered. It is established that in the case of simple rotation the peculiarities of the critical state onset for the rigid and elastic shells are determined by relationships between their axial inertia moments, whereas in compound rotation the first frequencies of precession resonant vibrations of elastic shells do not depend on elastic pliability of the ties between the shell and the platform.     

Dynamic analysis of rotating double-tapered cantilever Timoshenko nano-beam using the nonlocal strain gradient theory

Based on the nonlocal strain gradient theory, the coupling nonlinear dynamic equations of a rotating double-tapered cantilever Timoshenko nano-beam are derived using the Hamilton principle. The equation of motion is discretized via the differential quadrature method. The effects of the angular velocity, nonlocal parameter, slenderness ratio, cross-section parameter, and taper ratios are examined and discussed. It is shown that taper ratios and cross-section parameter play a significant role in the vibration response of a rotating cantilever nano-beam. Further as rotational angular velocity increases, the taper ratios and cross-section parameter effect on the frequency response are increased for first modes of vibration.     

On the nonstationary motion of a viscous incompressible liquid over a rotating ball

We consider the free boundary problem for the Navier–Stokes equations governing a nonstationary motion of a layer of a viscous incompressible liquid that covers the surface of a rigid ball rotating around a fixed axis with constant angular velocity ω. The liquid is subject to the gravitation force generated by the mass of the ball. The self-gravitation forces between the liquid particles and capillary forces on the free surface are not taken into account. We consider the problem of stability of the regime of the rigid rotation of the liquid with the same angular velocity and prove that it is stable if |ω| is less than a certain constant. Bibliography: 10 titles. Translated from Problems in Mathematical Analysis 39 February, 2009, pp. 91–145.     

Development of three-dimensional vibrations of an elastic uniformly stretched floating plate

The influence of uniform extension on the unsteady vibrations of an elastic plate floating on the surface of a constant-depth homogeneous fluid surface is studied by the method of integral transformations. The vibrations are caused by a load moving at the constant velocity of the plate surface. The dependence of the size of the angular zones covered by waves, the wave front displacement velocities, and the critical load displacement velocity on the magnitude of the tensile force is analyzed. An estimate is given of the role of uniform compression in the formation of vibrations ahead of and behind the load.Translated from Dinamicheskie Sistemy, No. 4, pp. 72–77, 1985.