Bifurcation of equilibrium of flexible bars subject to eccentric loads

The multiple equilibrium shapes, i. e., bifurcation behavior of the flexible bars subject to axial eccentric force are analyzed by the large deflection theory. Three types of elastica of equilibrium shape are discussed, and the method for determining the various classes of bifurcation of equilibrium due to given loads is presented.     

柔性头部模型与大挠度板接触撞击力的预报方法

针对被撞击板是大挠度的特点,提出了模拟函数预报撞击力的方法,根据撞击系统的动量守恒原理推导出了撞击力的预报方程,用恢复系数考虑头皮对撞击缓冲的影响.得到了头部与发动机罩板大变形、非线性、瞬态撞击过程的响应函数.分析结果与鸿巢敦宏、石川博敏的试验数据进行了对比,结果显示有较好的一致性,表明该方法能够较好地描述柔性球体模型与大挠度板接触撞击的响应过程.同时还利用该预报方程分析了各种因素对接触撞击力的影响.     

不同高度柔性植被对坡面流水动力特性的影响

基于系列坡面流试验,研究了柔性植被的高度(4 cm, 8 cm 和15 cm) 对坡面流水动力特性的影响. 研究表明:覆盖率相同时,4 cm 植被阻水效果最好,15cm 最差,而该差异随着坡度增大而减小. 4 cm 和8 cm 植被覆盖时,水流阻力系数随雷诺数增加先减小后增加,这是由于雷诺数较小时水流阻力主要以床面阻力为主,雷诺增大时主要以植被阻力为主. 另外,通过染色剂法测得光滑床面平均流速修正系数为0.2~0.4,有植被覆盖床面为0.4~0.8,且修正系数随平均流速增大而增大.     

大变形复合材料柔性梁静,动特性的试验研究

本文对两种铺层的复合材料柔性梁进行了静、动特性的试验研究,重点研究了挠度、结构耦合、梁的根部安装角等对变形、固有频率的影响。得出的结论有助于直升机旋翼桨叶的设计和发展,并且验证了大挠度复合材料柔性梁的分析模型     

波浪作用下柔性草本植物受力特性研究

草本盐沼植物广泛分布于海岸带形成滨海湿地系统, 这些滨海湿地具有生态、旅游、养殖及减灾等多方面价值. 草本植物的消浪作用在海岸稳固和沿海防灾减灾等方面发挥了重要作用. 已有植物消浪研究通常过度简化, 将植物视为刚性圆柱并依赖于调节经验拖曳力系数来提高预测准确度, 对柔性植物与波浪的相互作用机理研究还很欠缺. 草本植物通常由多片柔性叶片和一根柔性相对较小的杆茎组成. 在波浪作用下, 植物的叶片与杆茎产生不同程度的动态变形以及相互作用, 从而改变波浪与植物间的相对运动速度, 使得柔性植物受力特性十分复杂. 本文采用简单柔性结构物受力尺度定律计算单片叶片和单根杆茎受力, 并用遮蔽系数量化叶片与杆茎间相互作用引起的叶片受力降低程度, 提出了波浪作用下柔性草本植物动态受力计算公式. 与单片叶片、单根杆茎和既有叶片又有杆茎的模型植物及真实植物样本测量受力比较表明, 本文提出的植物受力模型可较好地预测植物最大受力及植物受力随波浪周期的变化情况.     

Analytical solutions for transverse distributions of stream-wise velocity in turbulent flow in rectangular channel with partial vegetation

The theory of poroelasticity is introduced to study the hydraulic properties of the steady uniform turbulent flow in a partially vegetated rectangular channel. Plants are assumed as immovable media. The resistance caused by vegetation is expressed by the theory of poroelasticity. Considering the influence of a secondary flow, the momentum equation can be simplified. The momentum equation is nondimensionalized to obtain a smooth solution for the lateral distribution of the longitudinal velocity. To verify the model, an acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV) is used to measure the velocity field in a rectangular open channel partially with emergent artificial rigid vegetation. Comparisons between the measured data and the computed results show that the method can predict the transverse distributions of stream-wise velocities in turbulent flows in a rectangular channel with partial vegetation.     

动力刚化问题的实验研究

应用频散可控耗散格式对环形激波在圆柱形激波管内绕射、反射和聚焦的问题进行了数值模拟研究. 研究结果表明环形激波形成强烈聚焦的关键因素是环形激波在圆柱形管道中向对称轴运动时,绕射激波就不断加速而不作通常情况下的衰减;不同马赫数的环形激波绕射也产生不同马赫数及形状的准柱形激波,导致聚焦效果和位置的差异;另外,环形激波聚焦于一个点而圆柱形激波聚焦于一条线,两者有本质不同.     

桥面槽缝对桥梁断面静态压力分布影响的实验研究

大跨度斜拉桥或悬索桥的桥梁主梁断面的气动外形是桥梁设计者们很关心的问题之一。对主梁节段模型气动力的风洞实验研究一般都只考虑了来流攻角以及模型本身结构外形的影响,而现今不少大桥在双向来回车道的中间开有槽缝,工程上可以用来改善桥面的空气动力特性以及桥梁本身的稳定性,对于这方面的实验研究进行得不多。本文拟通过风洞实验对某大桥桥梁主梁断面在各种开槽情况下的静态压力分布进行研究,进而对断面各测点的压力分布进行矢量求和获得升力系数、阻力系数和升力矩系数,由此来研究开槽与否以及开槽大小对该桥梁主梁断面的气动力的影响,同时也研究了槽中央隔板的存在对气动力系数的影响。研究表明,隔板的有无对气动力并无明显的影响,而开槽与否以及槽宽的大小对压力分布、升阻力系数以及升力矩系数有明显的影响。     

自由分子区内的非球形颗粒曳力计算

基于气体动理论方法, 推导得到非球形颗粒所受曳力的通用表达式, 并针对球形颗粒、圆柱体颗粒、椭球体颗粒和圆锥体颗粒等几种常见的非球形颗粒, 得到其所受曳力的具体解析计算式. 该模型适用于气体分子与颗粒表面仅发生一次碰撞的凸面体, 假设气体分子与颗粒间的相互作用符合Maxwell镜面反射-漫反射模型, 计算气体分子与颗粒碰撞过程中的微元动量传递, 进而在颗粒表面积分得到非球形颗粒所受曳力的通用表达式. 计算结果表明, 颗粒所受曳力与其自身的几何形状和在流场中的取向有关. 但是, 基于非球形颗粒得到的计算式较为复杂, 不便于实际应用. 考虑到在自由分子区内, 当外势场较弱时, 颗粒的高速布朗旋转运动会使其取向分布近似为均匀的随机分布, 文章推导得到了不同形状颗粒在均向分布下所受均向曳力的计算式, 结果表明非球形颗粒所受均向曳力正比于颗粒表面积, 且比例系数与颗粒形状无关. 此算法避免了求解具体非球形颗粒受力计算的繁琐计算过程, 更便于实际应用.     

The complete process of large elastic-plastic deflection of a cantilever

An extension of the Elastica theory is developed to study the large deflection of an elastic-perfectly plastic horizontal cantilever beam subjected to a vertical concentrated force at its tip. The entire process is divided into four stages: I.elastic in the whole cantilever; II.loading and developing of the plastic region; III.unloading in the plastic region; and IV.reverse loading. Solutions for stages I and II are presented in a closed form. A combination of closed-form solution and numerical integration is presented for stage III. Finally, stage IV is qualitatively studied. Computed results are given and compared with those from small-deflection theory and from the Elastica theory.     

植被作用下的复式河槽流速分布特性

通过水槽试验,探讨了不同滩地植物 (乔木、灌木和野草)对复式河槽流速分布的影响. 详细地介绍试验过程及三维流速仪ADV的测量原理. 试验时,选塑料吸管、鸭毛和塑料大草分别模拟乔木、灌木和野草. 同时,考虑了流量、床面底坡对流速分布的影响. 试验结果表明,滩地未种树的复式河槽在大的相对水深时,流速满足对数分布;滩地种树后,主槽流速增大,流速分布复杂,滩地流速减小,呈S 形分布,不同植物的S 形分布是不同的. 这种S型分布将水流划分为3个区的复杂行为,每区的范围与水深,垂线位置和植物类型有关.床面坡度对流速分布的影响非常明显     

DEM simulation of polydisperse systems of particles in a fluidized bed

Numerical simulations based on three-dimensional discrete element model (DEM) are conducted for mono-disperse, binary and ternary systems of particles in a fluidized bed. Fluid drag force acting on each particle depending on its size and relative velocity is assigned. The drag coefficient corresponding to Ergun’s correlation is applied to the system of fluidized bed with particle size ratios of 1:1 for the mono-disperse system, 1:1.2, 1:1.4 and 1:2 for the binary system and 1:1.33:2 for the ternary system b...     

考虑径向惯性力时圆柱的非线性强迫振动

研究了考虑径向惯性力时弹性圆薄板大挠度非线性强迫振动问题，提出了一个类似修正迭代法的求解方法，并以固支圆板为例作了具体的求解     

环空大挠度钻柱力学分析的动坐标迭代法及其简化应用

应用动坐标迭代法分析环空钻柱的边界待定问题与几何非线性受力变形问题。将摩擦引入平衡计算中,导出了三维分析模型。计算说明该方法和模型简便可靠,实际应用可以简化计算。     

ON THE METHOD OF ORTHOGONALITY CONDITIONS FOR SOLVING THE PROBLEM OF LARGE DEFLECTION OF CIRCULAR PLATE

In this paper,we reexamine the method of successive approximation presented byProf.Chien Wei-zang for solving the problem of large deflection of a circular plate,and findthat the method could be regarded as the method of strained parameters in the singularperturbation theory.In terms of the parameter representing the ratio of the centerdeflection to the thickness of the plate,we make the asymptotic expansions of thedeflection,membrane stress and the parameter of load as in Ref.[1],and then give theorthogonality conditions(i.e.the solvability conditions)for the resulting equations,bywhich the stiffness characteristics of the plate could be determined.It is pointed out thatwith the solutions for the small deflection problem of the circular plate and theorthogonality conditions,we can derive the third order approximate relations between theparameter of load and the center deflection and the first-term approximation of membranestresses at the center and edge of the plate without solving the differential equ