Model of Raman–Nath acousto-optic diffraction

In this Letter, we discuss Raman–Nath acousto-optic diffraction, and a new model of Raman–Nath acousto-optic diffraction is presented. The model is based on the individual and simultaneous occurrences of phase-grating diffraction and the Doppler effect and optical phase modulation and photon–phonon scattering. We find that the optical phase modulation can cause temporal and spatial fluctuations of the diffracted light power escaping from the acoustic field.     

Manifestation of Curie–Weiss law for optical phase transition

Considerable slowing down is observed for both the temporal development of the coherent oscillation slightly above the threshold and the refractive index grating decay slightly below the threshold for a semilinear photorefractive oscillator with two counter-propagating pump waves. It is shown that in the vicinity of the threshold the reciprocal characteristic time is a linear function of deviation from the threshold coupling strength. This behaviour is similar to an empirical Curie–Weiss law and points to the analogy of the oscillation threshold to a second-order phase transition. Received: 2 April 2001 / Revised version: 23 August 2001 / Published online: 7 November 2001     

Spectral analysis of the UFBG-based acousto optical modulator in V–I transmission matrix formalism

In this study, the V-I transmission matrix formalism （V-I method） is proposed to analyze the spectrum characteristics of the uniform fiber Bragg grating （FBG）-based acousto--opfic modulators （UFBG-AOM）. The simulation results demon- strate that both the amplitude of the acoustically induced strain and the frequency of the acoustic wave （AW） have an effect on the spectrum. Additionally, the wavelength spacing between the primary reflectivity peak and the secondary reflectivity peak is proportional to the acoustic frequency with the ratio 0.1425 nm/MHz. Meanwhile, we compare the amount of calculation. For the FBG whose period is M, the calculation of the V-I method is 4 × （2M-l） in addition/subtraction, 8 × （2M - 1） in multiply/division and 2M in exponent arithmetic, which is almost a quarter of the multi-film method and transfer matrix （TM） method. The detailed analysis indicates that, compared with the conventional multi-film method and transfer matrix （TM） method, the V-I method is faster and less complex.     

Bias phase and light power dependence of the random walk coefficient of fiber optic gyroscope

Taking account of shot noise, thermal noise, dark current noise, and intensity noise that come from broad band light source, the dependence of the random walk coefficient of fiber optic gyroscope (FOG) on bias phase and light power is studied theoretically and experimentally. It is shown that with different optical and electronic parameters, the optimal bias phase is different and should be adjusted accordingly to improve the FOG precision. By choosing appropriate bias phase, the random walk coefficient of the aim FOG is reduced from 0.0026 to 0.0019 deg./h~(1/2).     

Potentials and phase shifts for nucleon–light nuclei systems

The technique proposed to enhance the resolution of the point spread function (PSF) of an optical system underneath defocussing and spherical aberrations. The method of approach is based on the amplitude and phase masking in a ring aperture for modifying the light intensity distribution in the Gaussian focal plane (\(Y_{D} = 0\)) and in the defocussed planes (\(Y_{D}= \pi \) and \(Y_{D}= 2\pi \)). The width of the annulus modifies the distribution of the light intensity in the side lobes of the resultant PSF. In the presence of an asymmetry in the phase of the annulus, the Hanning amplitude apodizer [cos(\(\pi \beta \rho \))] employed in the pupil function can modify the spatial distribution of light in the maximum defocussed plane (\({Y}_{D} = 2\pi \)), results in PSF with improved resolution.     

Isotopic effect in the solid–liquid phase diagram of quantum clusters

Applying the Fourier path integral formalism to the isothermal-isobaric ensemble, the solid–liquid transition for 13-atom pure Lennard–Jones clusters was characterized. The masses of the clusters were taken as the masses of hydrogen, deuterium and tritium, hence isotopic effects of quantum clusters were considered. The parallel tempering Monte Carlo algorithm was used to solve all multidimensional integral in the FPI method. The volume of the system was defined with respect to the centroids of the quantum particles and a variable constraining potential was used to restrict undesirable thermodynamic events. The maximum value of the constant pressure heat capacity at a given temperature was used to identify the melting temperature. Pressure versus temperature phase diagrams were constructed for these systems with and without the inclusion of quantum effects. A significant difference in the melting temperature was encountered for the different isotopes due to quantum contribution.     

Temporal Airy–Talbot effect in linear optical potentials

We investigate the Airy–Talbot effect of an Airy pulse train in time-dependent linear potentials. The parabolic trajectory of self-imaging depends on both the dispersion sign and the linear potential gradient. By imposing linear phase modulations on the pulse train, the Airy–Talbot effects accompanied with positive and negative refractions are realized. For an input composed of stationary Airy pulses, the self-imaging follows straight lines, and the Airy–Talbot distance can be engineered by varying the linear potential gradient. The effect is also achieved in symmetric linear potentials. The study provides opportunities to control the self-imaging of aperiodic optical fields in time dimension.     

Symmetrical positive–negative annular phase object for optical nonlinearity characterization

A novel symmetrical positive–negative annular phase object (PNA-PO) is proposed in the 4f coherent imaging system and a third-order nonlinear refraction of the material is measured. By decomposing the normalized incident field passing through the PNA-PO into three top-hat beams with various radii and phase delays, and by using some applicable approximations, analytical solution of the phase contrast signal ΔT is revealed. Furthermore, variations of the analytical solution and numerical simulation of ΔT   as a function of the on-axis nonlinear phase shift _?0${?}_0$ are shown. _CS2${\mathrm{CS}}_2$ as a standard sample is performed using a PNA-PO to illustrate the feasibility and predominance of our system.     

A hybrid strategy for cryptanalysis of optical encryption based on double-random phase–amplitude encoding

A hybrid two-step attack scheme that combines the chosen-plaintext attack (CPA) and the known-plaintext attack (KPA) algorithms is proposed to acquire the secret keys of the optical cryptosystem based on double-random phase–amplitude encoding (DRPAE) technique. By implementing our presented attack, an opponent can obtain not only the estimated solutions of the two random phase keys but also the accurate solution of the amplitude modulator (AM), which is introduced to the encryption process and regarded as an additional key to enhance the security level of the DRPAE-based cryptosystem. The validity and effectiveness of this attack strategy is analyzed theoretically and then verified by computer simulations.     

Transitions Between Quantized Standing Waves at Interactions with an Atom in the Raman–Nath Regime

The interaction of an atom with an electromagnetic field induces transitions between its quantized modes, in which cos- and sin-standing waves are chosen as the basis for quantization. The number of photons in the modes were calculated in the Raman–Nath regime in the approximation of adiabatic following. It is shown that in the course of transitions an initially populated mode is generally not completely emptied, and the oscillating part of photons increases with the total number in the system.     

Raman-Nath diffraction by microparticles in water

In Raman-Nath diffraction by water, the intensities of even order light beams are selectively enhanced by suspension of microparticles. The diffracted beams remain for several seconds even after the ultrasonic oscillation stops. These phenomena are elucidated by assuming the laminar arrangement of micropaticles due to the ultrasonic wave.     

Electric-field-controlled two-dimensional Raman-Nath diffraction from paraelectric potassium lithium tantalate niobate

Electric-field-controlled two-dimensional Raman-Nath diffraction has been realized using a photorefractive diffraction grating. The grating was produced by two-wave coupling (at a wavelength of 632.8 nm) at small incidence angles using a potassium lithium tantalate niobate single crystal. Results for the Raman-Nath diffraction from the g₄₄ grating are presented, in which the externally applied field is perpendicular to both the grating vector and the wave vector of the incident beam. Two pairs of coherent beams were used to record the grating for two-dimensional Raman-Nath diffraction. The wave vector and the polarization of one pair lay in the (x, z) plane, and those of the other pair lay in the (y, z) plane. The influence of the applied electric field was studied, and the results show that the intensity of the Raman-Nath diffraction could be controlled by the direction and intensity of the applied field.     

关于声光效应光束偏转角的实验研究

对声光效应中光束偏转角进行了一系列实验研究.基于传统声光效应的基本原理,建立了光束偏转角理论模型并进行了相关计算.在此基础上进行声光效应的布拉格衍射实验.大量实验结果显示,所测量到的光束偏转角和理论值存在一定的差距.     

声光器件特性分析及音频声光通信研究

分析了声光效应的基本原理及布拉格效应成立的条件,构建了声光器件特性测试实验装置。对声光器件中布拉格衍射的建立、声光调制的幅度特性及频率特性等基本特性进行了测量分析,对声光模拟信号传输的线性特性和音频频响关系进行了研究。     

Acoustic parameter measurements by acousto-optic diffraction techniques using a light-beam of one acoustic wavelength width

A method is presented for measuring the Raman-Nath parameter by an acoustically diffracted light-beam of one acoustic wavelength width. The diffraction spectrum obtained is not discrete but broadened continuously because of the width of the light-beam itself. The Raman-Nath parameter can be determined from the intensity measurement at the centre of the diffraction pattern. The acoustic wavelength can also be determined by measuring the light-beam width of one acoustic wavelength at which a beating photocurrent, produced by the positive and negative first-order diffraction components, dies out at the centre of the pattern.     

基于布拉格声光衍射场的光强非均匀空间分布研究

为了保证合成孔径激光雷达测试中信号光的光束质量,从波动方程出发,推导出传统的衍射光源布拉格声光作用的耦合波方程。根据测试对光束质量的不同要求,借助有限差分方法分析衍射场光强的空间三维分布,发现声场振幅的不均匀分布会影响声光衍射场的光强分布,光强分布不均造成实验中信息光源的探测难度。通过光强空间分布研究增大有效通光孔径到3 mm,解决了声光调制器光束衍射质量问题,改进后的光束质量达到实验要求。该研究方法适用于改进声光器件工作参数。     

Application of optical diffraction method in designing phase plates

Continuous phase plate(CPP),which has a function of beam shaping in laser systems,is one kind of important diffractive optics.Based on the Fourier transform of the Gerchberg-Saxton(G-S) algorithm for designing CPP,we proposed an optical diffraction method according to the real system conditions.A thin lens can complete the Fourier transform of the input signal and the inverse propagation of light can be implemented in a program.Using both of the two functions can realize the iteration process to calculate the near-field distribution of light and the far-field repeatedly,which is similar to the G-S algorithm.The results show that using the optical diffraction method can design a CPP for a complicated laser system,and make the CPP have abilities of beam shaping and phase compensation for the phase aberration of the system.The method can improve the adaptation of the phase plate in systems with phase aberrations.     

Application of acousto-optic interaction for holographic conversion of light fields

This paper represents a survey of research on the problem of acousto-optic conversion of optical images. This method of conversion permits us to retain all information that is contained in both amplitude and phase spatial modulation of a light wave. Particular attention is given to acousto-optic visualization of phase objects and registration of optical wavefronts. Information possibilities of the acousto-optic method are illustrated by numerical calculations as well as by some experiments recently performed in this area.     

声光调制器偏振特性的实验研究

声光调制器利用声光晶体的声光效应对输入信号进行外调制。另外,实验结果也表明:由声光调制器出射的衍射光存在偏振态的改变。旋转起偏器的透振方向,拉曼—纳斯衍射的一级衍射光的偏振态发生变化;且各级衍射光的偏振度随着透振方向的改变而发生周期性的变化。     

Interferometric phase microscopy using slightly-off-axis reflective point diffraction interferometer

An interferometric phase microscopy (IPM) is proposed using slightly-off-axis reflective point diffraction interferometry for quantitative phase imaging. A retro-reflector consisting two mirrors is used to generate an angle between the object beam and reference beam, and a 45° tilted polarizing beam splitter is used to split the horizontal and vertical components of the both beams. Two carrier interferograms with π/2 phase-shift can be acquired in one shot, and the phase distribution of a thin specimen can be retrieved using a fast reconstruction method. The new IPM without loss in the utilization of the input-plane field of view combines the real time and optimizing detector bandwidth measurement benefit associated with slightly-off-axis method, high stability associated with common path geometry, and simplicity in terms of procedure and setup. Experiments are carried out on both static and dynamic specimens to demonstrate the validity and stability of the proposed method.