A user-friendly nano-CT image alignment and 3D reconstruction platform based on Lab VIEW

X-ray computed tomography at the nanometer scale(nano-CT) offers a wide range of applications in scientific and industrial areas. Here we describe a reliable,user-friendly,and fast software package based on Lab VIEW that may allow us to perform all procedures after the acquisition of raw projection images in order to obtain the inner structure of the investigated sample. A suitable image alignment process to address misalignment problems among image series due to mechanical manufacturing errors,thermal expansion,and other external factors has been considered,together with a novel fast parallel beam 3D reconstruction procedure that was developed ad hoc to perform the tomographic reconstruction. We have obtained remarkably improved reconstruction results at the Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility after the image calibration,the fundamental role of this image alignment procedure was confirmed,which minimizes the unwanted blurs and additional streaking artifacts that are always present in reconstructed slices. Moreover,this nano-CT image alignment and its associated 3D reconstruction procedure are fully based on Lab VIEW routines,significantly reducing the data post-processing cycle,thus making the activity of the users faster and easier during experimental runs.     

基于IR-SFS算法空间目标红外影像3D重建

在利用单幅影像的明暗恢复形状（Shape From Shading,SFS）三维重构算法的基础上,提出同时考虑外界辐射源和目标自身红外辐射的IR-SFS（infrared-SFS）算法。首先通过分析SFS算法原理和空间目标的红外成像特性,建立IR-SFS辐射方程并进行了仿真研究,然后利用温度场估计获得红外差值图,在人工合成的理想半球体、半圆柱体卫星红外影像上进行算法测试,并以美国STS107真实红外影像作为实验目标进行三维重建。实验结果表明,所提出IR-SFS算法经过参数优化后,与原SFS算法相比,重建模型的峰值信噪比更高,对STS107顶部舱门、尾翼、机舱、机舱内方形部件具有更佳显示度,整体效果得到明显改善。     

Complex adaptation-based LDR image rendering for 3D image reconstruction

A low-dynamic tone-compression technique is developed for realistic image rendering that can make three-dimensional (3D) images similar to realistic scenes by overcoming brightness dimming in the 3D display mode. The 3D surround provides varying conditions for image quality, illuminant adaptation, contrast, gamma, color, sharpness, and so on. In general, gain/offset adjustment, gamma compensation, and histogram equalization have performed well in contrast compression; however, as a result of signal saturation and clipping effects, image details are removed and information is lost on bright and dark areas. Thus, an enhanced image mapping technique is proposed based on space-varying image compression. The performance of contrast compression is enhanced with complex adaptation in a 3D viewing surround combining global and local adaptation. Evaluating local image rendering in view of tone and color expression, noise reduction, and edge compensation confirms that the proposed 3D image-mapping model can compensate for the loss of image quality in the 3D mode.     

基于LabVIEW的超导实验平台的设计

为了进行高温超导的实验,研制了一种基于LabVIEW的超导实验平台。通过该平台可以方便地进行多种高温超导的实验,可以实现对温度、磁场强度、电压和电流的测量,完成数据采集、数据显示、数据保存和数据传输等功能。该平台设置简单,方便研究人员使用。     

基于编码标志点的数码相机三维测量与重构

介绍了利用数码相机作为图像传感器,在物体表面设置编码标志点,通过对编码标志点进行识别和检测,从而确定标志点的空间位置,实现了对物体表面某些特定点三维信息的无接触检测。介绍了其中的关键技术,如标志点的设计与检测、基础矩阵的求解、数码相机参数的标定以及内外参数的捆绑调整等,给出了检测实例并进行了精度验证。实验证明,该方法结构简单,成本低廉,数据采集快,移动方便,检测范围大,可满足三维物体特别是大面积物体空间检测的需求。     

利用普通光学显微镜实现对微小物体三维体表参数的测量

基于有较大的焦深的普通光学显微镜及3D成像软件,利用自制的可绕固定轴的升降平台及光纤辐照形态,根据视差原理构建了一个测量小型样品的三维表面参数的测试系统。以外形较复杂的医用牙科钻头为样品,研究了显微镜的放大倍数、用于构建三维图像的两幅相似图像的夹角与样品表面参数测量值之间的关系。通过与样品的标称值对比,实验中所用的毫米量级的样品,在合适的物镜组放大倍数及合适的夹角下,相对误差在5%范围内,表明所建立的测量系统可用于尺寸较小的样品表面参数的测量。     

3D reconstruction based on spatial vanishing information

An approach for the three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of architectural scenes from two un-calibrated images is described in this paper. From two views of one architectural structure, three pairs of corresponding vanishing points of three major mutual orthogonal directions can be extracted. The simple but powerful constraints of parallelism and orthogonal lines in architectural scenes can be used to calibrate the cameras and to recover the 3D information of the structure. This approach is applied to the real images of architectural scenes, and a 3D model of a building in virtual reality modelling language (VRML) format is presented which illustrates the method with successful performance.     

基于LabVIEW的高温超导电缆测试平台的设计

为了进行高温超导电缆直流性能测试实验和长时间交流运行实验,开发了基于LabVIEW的高温超导电缆测试平台。该测试平台由PXI系统和标准程控仪器测试系统两部分组成。其中,PXI系统用于温度和交流信号的采集;标准程控仪器系统负责微弱直流信号的测量。平台可实现对各参量的采集、波形显示、数据保存以及历史数据查询等功能。     

基于LabVIEW平台的图像采集与处理技术研究

LabVIEW在测试测量领域的优势日渐突出,为越来越多的工程师和开发人员所使用。提出了一种以Lab-VIEW为开发平台进行图像采集和处理的方法,与以往的VB和C++相比,开发周期短、复杂度低。     

一种基于场景轮廓特征的三维地形重建方法

为了提升双目视觉系统三维重建的准确性和实时性,提出了一种基于区域分割和匹配的方法。针对实际场景中存在大面积灰度相近区域的现象以及稠密三维重建存在实时性差的问题,采用分水岭算法提取区域轮廓进行三维重建;针对轮廓边缘的误匹配问题,建立区域匹配和边缘点匹配的双重约束条件进行优化匹配;根据平行轴双目立体视觉模型进行三维重建。结果表明:采用轮廓特征进行匹配因其匹配点数大为减少,匹配用时提高了90%;由于采用了双重匹配策略,匹配和重建的准确性得到了保证。     

基于深度学习的patch-match双目三维重建

以patch-match为核心的算法在双目立体重建中有着广泛应用,因其具有低内存消耗、重建精度高等优良性能;然而,传统patch-match算法需要有序地对图像中的每一个像素点进行迭代求取最优视差值d,从而导致运行时间较高。为了解决该问题,在传统patch-match算法的基础上引入基于学习的模型作为指导来降低运行时间,提高立体重建精度。利用深度学习模型输出每个像素伴有异方差不确定度的初始视差图,异方差不确定度用于衡量网络模型所预测视差值的准确度;将异方差不确定度和初始视差作为patch-match算法的先验信息;在平面细化步骤中,利用每个像素点的异方差不确定度大小动态调整其搜索区间,实现减少运行时间的目标。在Middlebury数据集上,通过与原有算法比较可知,改进后的算法在运行时间上减少20%,同时,在不连续等区域上的重建精度得到略微提高。     

基于空间二进制编码的3 D形貌测量方法

介绍了一种基于空间二进制编码的非接触３ Ｄ 形貌测量方法。它用一台ＬＣＤ 投影仪对被测物体表面进行空间编码,再用一台ＣＣＤ 摄像机获取物体编码信息,最后用三角法原理从摄像机图像中获取三维形貌数据。提出了基于三角法的空间二进制码的重要特性,描述了高效编码的构造方法。用这个构造方法构造出一个完全数字化的７ 位字长的二进制编码。基于这种编码的３ Ｄ 形貌测量方法在被测物体表面非常不连续和非构造的环境下取得了良好的测量结果。     

A 3D image interleaving method for real-time autostereoscopic display based on GPU

Multiview autostereoscopic systems display three-dimensional (3D) images interleaved from parallax images to provide adequate viewing zones for viewers. A 3D image interleaving method based on parallel processing with Graphic Processing Unit (GPU) is proposed to accelerate the image interleaving for real-time autostereoscopic displays. The proposed method is implemented with Direct3D Application Programming Interface (API) library. Masks used to interleave the 3D images are generated according to some particular principles. Both multiple texture blending and alpha blending operations are used to interleave a 3D image. The experiments prove that high interleaving efficiency and good stereoscopic sense can be obtained. The proposed method meets the requirement of real-time multiview autostereoscopic displays and avoids extra shader program.     

基于计算机视觉的非朗伯表面三维重构

基于计算机视觉的三维重构方法已经广泛应用在各行各业中。目前的三维重构研究主要针对不透明的朗伯表面,且已经比较成熟,但对非朗伯表面仍然面临诸多问题。而实际场景中的物体表面大多是非朗伯表面,因而,随着实际应用的推广,非朗伯表面的三维重构问题在计算机视觉领域越来越受到关注。虽然本现状研究不能完全涵盖针对非朗伯表面三维重构的所有方法,但它包涵了三维重构每个步骤中的各种典型方法。文中按照图像获取过程中的照明方式和重构原理对现有方法进行了分类,并逐类进行了介绍。由于不存在公共测试网络平台和带有标准视差的非朗伯表面立体图像集,因而,很难对各种算法的计算效率和匹配质量进行比较,文中主要对非朗伯表面的现有三维重构方法的原理、特点、适用范围和最新研究方向进行了介绍,对非朗伯表面三维重构的现有问题和发展前景进行了讨论。     

基于阻尼LSQR-LMBC的火焰三维温度场重建

光场相机可以解决辐射测温多相机系统光路复杂、同步触发难等问题,在辐射成像三维温度重建时有其独特优势. LSQR是求解基于大型稀疏矩阵最小二乘问题的经典算法,该算法用于重建三维温度场时对温度初值依赖较大,在信噪比较低的情况下重建精度不理想.本文提出阻尼LSQR-LMBC重建算法,通过在LSQR方法中添加阻尼正则化项,提高火焰三维温度场重建的抗噪性能,并结合LMBC算法,实现吸收系数和三维温度场同时求解.在数值模拟部分,随着信噪比逐渐降低,阻尼LSQR的重建效果比LSQR更加稳定,在信噪比达到13.86 d B时,重建精度大约提高30%.阻尼LSQR-LMBC的平均重建误差为6.63%.用丁烷火焰进行了实验,重建的丁烷火焰三维温度场分布符合辐射火焰燃烧的特征,和热电偶的测温数据结果进行对比,相对误差在6.8%左右.     

Improved 3D reconstruction method based on the Scheimpflug principle

Optical Review - This paper proposes a 3D reconstruction scheme for monocular cameras based on an improved line structure cursor positioning method and the Scheimpflug principle to overcome the...     

基于计算机视觉的非朗伯表面三维重构

基于计算机视觉的三维重构方法已经广泛应用在各行各业中。目前的三维重构研究主要针对不透明的朗伯表面,且已经比较成熟,但对非朗伯表面仍然面临诸多问题。而实际场景中的物体表面大多是非朗伯表面,因而,随着实际应用的推广,非朗伯表面的三维重构问题在计算机视觉领域越来越受到关注。虽然本现状研究不能完全涵盖针对非朗伯表面三维重构的所有方法,但它包涵了三维重构每个步骤中的各种典型方法。文中按照图像获取过程中的照明方式和重构原理对现有方法进行了分类,并逐类进行了介绍。由于不存在公共测试网络平台和带有标准视差的非朗伯表面立体图像集,因而,很难对各种算法的计算效率和匹配质量进行比较,文中主要对非朗伯表面的现有三维重构方法的原理、特点、适用范围和最新研究方向进行了介绍,对非朗伯表面三维重构的现有问题和发展前景进行了讨论。     

Depth-controlled reconstruction of 3D integral image using synthesized intermediate sub-images

In this paper, we propose a method that controls the depth of the three-dimensional (3D) object existing over the depth-of-focus in integral imaging. The depth control method is performed only in a computer by synthesizing the intermediate sub-images between original sub-images obtained by transforming the captured elemental images. In the reconstruction process, we can obtain reconstructed 3D images with the better image quality within depth-of-focus than that reconstructed over the depth-of-focus. To demonstrate the feasibility of our method, optical and computational experiments are carried out and its results are presented.     

3D image reconstruction with controllable spatial filtering based on correlation of multiple periodic functions in computational integral imaging

We propose a novel method of slice image reconstruction with controllable spatial filtering by using the correlation of periodic delta-function arrays(PDFAs) with elemental images in computational integral imaging. The multiple PDFAs, whose spatial periods correspond to object's depths with the elemental image array(EIA), can generate a set of spatially filtered EIAs for multiple object depths compared with the conventional method for the depth of a single object. We analyze a controllable spatial filtering effect by the proposed method.To show the feasibility of the proposed method, we carry out preliminary experiments for multiple objects and present the results.     

稀疏阈值的超分辨率图像重建

为了解决基于字典学习的超分辨重构算法耗时过长的问题,提出了基于稀疏阈值模型的图像超分辨率重建方法。首先,将联合字典理论与图像块稀疏阈值方法相结合,训练得到高、低分辨率过完备图像字典对。接着,通过稀疏阈值OMP算法对图像特征块进行稀疏表示。然后,通过高分辨率字典重构出初始的超分辨图像。最后,通过改进迭代反投影算法对初始的超分辨图像进行全局优化,从而进一步提高图像重构质量。实验结果表明,超分辨图像重构平均峰值信噪比(PSNR)为30.1 d B,平均结构自相似度(SSIM)为0.937 9,平均计算时间为10.2 s。有效提高了超分辨重构的速度,改善了重构高分辨图像的质量。