境外外包战略

对跨国公司甚至大型本土公司来说，将部分业务外包给境外服务提供者，毫不稀奇。发展中国家得到的机会越来越多，尽管发达国家的工人对公司为了招聘更廉价的员工而裁员表示强烈不满，但这种作法能提高公司的竞争优势。     

争鸣

本刊自2002年开办“争鸣”栏目以来，得到了广大读者的热情支持，提出了不少好的问题，本刊表示衷心感谢!为了进一步办好“争鸣”栏目，繁荣教学研究的大好局面，尽量避免在一些具体问题上因自然语言方面的歧义而导致的争论不清，本刊除了希望广大读者继续大力支持本刊，提供有关教学上的具体问题之外，还特别希望就一些大的方面也提出自己的问题，开展百家争鸣，如教学思想、理念、观点，对新课标、新教材、素质教育与高考等的不同意见，通过探讨，各抒己见，防止一种倾向掩盖另一种倾向，推动新一轮课改健康、深入地开展．     

Helveston 综合征30例手术治疗分析

Helveston综合征是临床少见的斜视类型，其特征主要包括外斜A征、分离性垂直偏斜（DVD）、上斜肌功能亢进，可伴有眼球震颤，需仔细检查以避免漏诊。Helveston综合征以手术治疗为主，但手术方案各观点尚不一致，有观点建议尽可能一次手术解决此复杂性斜视，也有观点建议分次手术逐步矫正，避免一次性多条肌肉手术。近年来，我院收治的Helveston综合征患者，根据其具体情况选择合适的手术方法，取得了较满意的效果，现报道如下。     

PP聚类的众数指标及最优方向估计的渐近性质

§1.引言 Friedman和Tukey指出,在用投影寻踪的方法去寻找数据的聚类结构时,我们希望找到的投影构形应该具备:局部上,投影点要密集——凝聚成若干类;整体上,投影点要散开——类与类之间尽可能的分离.根据这个原则,他们提出了如下指标,我们称之     

中学数学教学中辩证思维能力的培养

本文对在中学数学教学中如何结合数学教材，培养学生辩证思维能力作了一些探讨，并指出最重要的是要把数学中的辩证因素转变为辩证法的基本观点，根据基本的观点来认识客观事物的运动，变化及其规律     

1984年天津市职工工资和奖金分析

工资改革是经济体制改革的重要方面。工资改革不仅要有定性分析作为指导,也有必要采用定量分析的方法。本文根据天津市统计局提供的“1984年天津市职工家庭生活抽样调查资料”,运用计量经济学的方法,建立职工的工资和奖金的数学模型,分析工资的主要决定因素,以了解现行工资和奖     

浅谈辩证观点在数学教学中的应用

浅谈辩证观点在数学教学中的应用石志群（江苏姜堰市第二中学２２５５００）辩证法认为，世界上的各种事物、现象是相互联系、相互影响和相互制约的．要正确地认识世界，就必须运用一分为二的辩证观点分析问题、解决问题，数学教学也不例外．只有在灵活地将辩证法运用于教...     

积域上帐篷空间的实内插

<正> 文[1]对单参数情形的帐篷空间进行了比较系统的讨论,然而对其实内插空间的讨论却仍嫌不够.通常地,实内插空间的讨论要求指标范围尽可能地大,同时也希望能得到K一泛函的明显表示或精确估计。现在我们便按此要求来讨论乘积空间上的帐篷空间T_q~p的实内插空间.单参数情形的指标范围我们可以使它达到令人满意的程度,即     

十二圣斗士地球保卫战

2.阿雅战败 外表看起来柔弱，但却美丽出众的白羊座使者阿雅拦住了黑暗骑士鲁腊的去路，形成了铜墙铁壁的第一关。尽管阿雅毫不示弱，但鲁腊对美丽的弱女子尚存怜惜之心．他希望阿雅能够知难而退，因此他尽量克制自己的粗鲁，努力将声调放平，尽可能温和地说：“看你柔柔弱弱，算了，不要文斗，也不要武斗，快快给我让开吧，我不想对小姑娘动粗!”     

听，是双语教学的最基本形式

大家都知道：听，是语言交际活动中最基本的形式之一，也是语言学习过程中最初始的感知环节。因此，双语教学首先要解决的是“听”的问题。根据珠算学科的特点，我一方面是通过语言听力的训练让学生达到听懂的目的；另一方面是教师通过教学过程，尽可能多地为学生提供语言听力的环境。所以，在双语教学的听力训练方面我采用了两种课堂教学的形式进行了训练。     

A profit sharing scheme for a two-firm joint venture

Consider the scenario when two firms are setting up a joint venture. One firm has a set of technologies and knowhow for a new product while the other contributes the necessary capital for setting up and running the venture. The key issue that the two firms face in negotiating the joint venture is to determine a fair value for the technologies and knowhow. This paper presents an approach by which each firm bids a price for the technology with an objective to maximize their own profits from the joint venture. Provided that their bids satisfy a cooperation condition, the two firms settle on a price using a simple valuation formula. We analyze the impact of various factors on the decision process and provide numerical results to illustrate the bidding strategies. We conclude that in order to maximize their profits, it is often more important for both firms to increase the chance of cooperation than to increase their own shares of the joint venture.     

考虑消费者忠诚的雇员激励契约设计

在信息不对称条件下,企业雇主如何在员工行为无法被观测到的情况下达到最优绩效成为企业上层需要解决的重要问题。在此背景下,区别于既有文献,本文根据服务型企业以消费者为中心的特点,将消费者忠实度纳入委托——代理模型,通过设计企业激励契约机制,探讨了企业雇佣员工的最佳方式。结果表明:(1)长期稳定工作的员工会选择提成工资制,这类员工倾向于将努力水平用于提高消费者忠诚度,其选择的结果能为企业带来利润;(2)短期非稳定工作的员工选择固定工资制,这类员工的零付出将给企业造成亏损,且损失额即为短期非稳定员工的固定工资额;(3)选择提成工资制的员工将给服务型企业带来正效益,而选择固定工资制的员工给企业带来固定工资的损失额。本文从企业雇佣员工方式的角度,为企业更偏向于为直接面对消费者创造业绩的服务型员工采取提成工资制,而为没有直接面对消费者的非服务型员工采用固定工资制提供了一种解释,有助于把握企业管理的着力点,进而增强企业绩效提升对经济发展的推动性作用。     

农民工的中等职业教育、在职培训与工资——基于校正多元样本选择偏差的分析

将雇主提供一年期及以上合同的工作作为稳定就业,将农民工的就业状态分为稳定就业、非稳定就业、未就业三种,在校正多元样本选择偏差的基础上估计了农民工稳定就业的工资方程和非稳定就业的工资方程,重点分析了中等职业教育和在职培训对农民工工资的影响.结果表明,中等职业教育对农民工获得稳定就业具有显著的正向影响,中等职业教育和在职培训对农民工稳定就业和非稳定就业的工资均具有正向影响,但对稳定就业工资的影响要显著大于对非稳定就业工资的影响.因此,政府应当继续加大农村地区职业教育的投入,同时鼓励用工企业对农民工开展与工作技能相关的在职培训,从而使农民工获得更为稳定的就业和更高的工资水平,顺利实现市民身份的转换.     

基于动机的联合风险投资收益分配契约设计(A2016-0158)

从联合风险投资的领导者采取联合投资的动机出发,考虑分配给跟随者的收益份额是否能达到目的,运用优化理论建立了联合投资双方的收益分配模型,提出了联合风险投资机构之间的收益分配契约设计的一种可供参考的方法,并用实例说明了模型方法的应用。研究还表明,潜在的市场竞争可能对领导者造成的损失越大,领导者越愿意给予跟随者更多的收益份额;当项目质量信息的不确定性越高,单独投资将存在较大风险的时候,为了获得项目质量信息的补充,也使得领导者愿意给予跟随者更多的收益份额。     

Supply chain networks,wages, and labor productivity: insights from Lagrange. analysis and computations

The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically demonstrated the importance of labor to supply chain network activities from production to distribution with shortfalls in labor availability, for numerous reasons, resulting in product shortages and the reduction of profits of firms. Even as progress has been made through vaccinations, issues associated with labor are still arising. Increasing wages is a strategy to enhance labor productivity and, also to ameliorate, in part, labor shortages, but has not, until this work, been explored in a full supply chain network context. Specifically, in this paper, a game theory supply chain network model is constructed of firms competing in producing a substitutable, but differentiated, product, and seeking to determine their equilibrium product path flows, as well as hourly wages to pay their workers, under fixed labor amounts associated with links, and wage-responsive productivity factors. The theoretical and computational approach utilizes the theory of variational inequalities. We first introduce a model without wage bounds on links and then extend it to include wage bounds. Lagrange analysis is conducted for the latter model, which yields interesting insights, as well as an alternative variational inequality formulation. A series of numerical examples reveals that firms can gain in terms of profits by being willing to pay higher wages, resulting in benefits also for their workers, as well as consumers, who enjoy lower demand market prices for the products. However, sensitivity analysis should be conducted to determine the range of such wage bounds. Ultimately, we observed, that the profits may decrease and then stabilize. This work adds to the literature on the integration of concepts from economics and operations research for supply chain networks and also has policy implications.

     

风险资本的组合投资最优化模型研究

利用委托代理理论建立了风险资本的组合投资最优化模型,通过该模型给出了项目数和收益分配比例的最优解,并分析了组合投资的项目数和收益分配比例对风险投资家和企业家努力水平的影响。     

基于跳扩散模型的DC型 养老金时间一致最优投资策略的研究

将养老金投资过程分成财富积累阶段和财富给付阶段,建立了DC型养老金在退休前和退休后个人账户积累额变动的连续时间随机模型.该模型考虑了工资的随机风险因素,并用跳-扩散模型刻画风险资产.以均值-方差准则作为优化目标,运用推广的HJB方程分别得到了退休前和退休后的时间一致最优风险资产投资最优解.最后通过算例及敏感性分析研究了各个因素对风险资产投资的影响.在这些因素中缴费比例、死亡力对风险资产投资比例均有负向影响.     

Perceptions of the software skills of graduates by employers in the financial services industry

Software, particularly spreadsheet software, is ubiquitous in the financial services workplace. Yet little is known about the extent to which universities should, and do, prepare graduates for this aspect of the modern workplace. We have investigated this issue through a survey of financial services employers of graduates, the results of which are reported in this paper, as well as surveys of university graduates and academics, reported previously. Financial services employers rate software skills as important, would like their employees to be more highly skilled in the use of such software, and tend to prefer ‘on-the-job’ training rather than university training for statistical, database and specialized actuarial/financial software. There is a perception among graduates that employers do not provide adequate formal workplace training in the use of technical software.     

激励国外直接投资的合资方案

本文讨论在国际经济投资中，国外投资者主观认定的政策风险对国外直接投资的影响，提出东道国激励项目中的国外直接投资达到不受风险影响投资量的合资方案，证明了该方案的存在性，并在不同条件下给出方案的选择方法．讨论了合资方案对合资后双方的利益的影响。     

The Kalai-Smorodinsky Bargaining Solution in Wage Negotiations

This paper characterizes the Kalai-Smorodinsky bargaining solution when firms and unions negotiate over wages alone, and firms set the level of employment in order to maximize profits given the agreed wage. The Kalai-Smorodinsky solution is analysed for the case that the wage elasticity of employment and the union's risk aversion are both constant. In this case there is a simple relationship between the Kalai-Smorodinsky and the Nash solutions.