绿茶对金(Ⅲ)、锗(Ⅳ)离子捕集性能的研究

以绿茶做捕集剂,对水溶液中的金（Ⅲ）、锗（Ⅳ）两种离子进行了捕集性能的研究。实验结果表明,绿茶在pH5-7和pH6-7时,对金（Ⅲ）、锗（Ⅳ）两种离子的捕集率分别可达97%和96%以上,金（Ⅲ）、锗（Ⅳ）的捕集容量分别为7.6mg/g和5.7mg/g。捕集后的金属离子可分别用10g/L亚硫酸钠溶液和5mol/L盐酸进行洗脱。脱附后的茶叶可得到再生。     

催化过氧化氢氧化铬黑T褪色光度法测定痕量锰(Ⅱ)

在pH11.0的Na2B4O7-NaOH缓冲溶液中十二烷基磺酸钠（DBS）可增敏Mn(II）催化过氧化氢氧化铬黑T（EBT）的褪色反应，据此建立了催化褪色光度法测定痕量锰（Ⅱ）的新方法，锰（Ⅱ）浓度在5．0－12．0ug/L范围内服从比耳定律，回归方程ΔA=-0.014 0.32CMn(Ⅱ）（μg/L),r=0.9999检出限0．5ng/mL，应用该法测定人发和茶叶中的Mn(Ⅱ），测定结果满意。     

流动注射在线富集分离-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定水体中的铬(Ⅲ)和铬(Ⅵ)

内装活性氧化铝（碱式）和阴离子交换树脂的微型柱流动注射在线富集分离水体中的铬（Ⅲ）和铬（Ⅵ），火焰原子吸收法直接检测。微型住可同时富集两种价态的离子，分别用1mol／L的NH4NO3和HNO3洗脱Cr（Ⅵ）和Cr（Ⅲ）于喷雾器中。进样时间25s，铬（Ⅵ）和铬（Ⅲ）的富集倍数分别为11倍和20倍，实际水样的加标回收率在90％～106％之间；分析速率为50个样／h；铬（Ⅵ）、铬（Ⅲ）的检出限（3δ）分别为1．5μg／L和0．7μg／L；相对标准偏差（50μg／L）分别为1．9％和2．6％。     

修饰聚合物液-固亲和萃取体系连续分离铜(Ⅱ)、锌(Ⅱ)、钴(Ⅱ)、镍(Ⅱ)

用亚胺基二乙酸（IDA）修饰了聚乙二醇PEG8000，并构建了修饰聚合物-盐-水液-固亲和萃取体系，用于高选择富集与分离金属离子。控制最佳分离条件，成相聚合物吐温80浓度；5%～10%；PEG-（IDA）2含量0.1%；（NH4）2SO4浓度；1.14～1.67mol/L；溶液酸度pH3.20～7.00。连续萃取分离了Cu(Ⅱ）、Zn(Ⅱ）、Co（Ⅱ）及Cu（Ⅱ）、Zn（Ⅱ）、Ni（Ⅱ），并探讨了该萃取体系的萃取机理。从水样、发样等多种样品中，成功地富集并测定了痕量Cu(Ⅱ)和Zn（Ⅱ），结果满意。     

N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中铀(Ⅴ)吸收光谱的研究

以中压汞灯为光源，采用吸收光谱法，观察了UO2（NO3）2·6H2O在DMF（N，N－二甲基甲酰胺）溶剂中光化还原时的吸收光谱随照射时间、铀浓度及溶液酸度的变化，经短时间光照后，在UO2（NO3）2－DMF溶液中有铀（Ⅴ）形成，其吸收峰在755和635nm处，结果表明，它们分别是UO－DMF和UOOH2＋－DMF的特征吸收，溶液中铀（Ⅴ）的岐化反应与H＋浓度密切相关，UOOH2＋是岐化反应的中间体。     

有机溶剂中(R)-醇腈酶催化不对称合成(R)-苯乙醇腈

 研究了来源于杏仁的（R）－醇腈酶在有机溶剂异丙醚中催化苯甲醛与HCN不对称合成（R）－苯乙醇腈，初步探讨了来源于不同杏仁的（R）－醇腈酶的筛选、最适酶量的确定以及底物HCN与苯甲醛的配比、底物浓度、酶的微环境pH和反应温度对不对称合成反应的影响．结果发现，来源于苦杏仁的（R）－醇腈酶优于来源于甜杏仁的（R）－醇腈酶．优化的反应条件为：最适酶量150g／L，HCN与苯甲醛的配比2．5，苯甲醛浓度300mmol／L，酶的微环境pH5．4，反应温度0～5℃．在该优化反应条件下，反应平衡转化率和产物的光学纯度均高达99％以上．     

萃取-缝管原子捕集原子吸收法测定水中碲(Ⅳ)和碲(Ⅵ)

研究了碲（Ⅳ）和碲（Ⅵ）在 DDTC-CCI．体系中的萃取和反萃取行为，并用缝管原子 捕集技术结合火焰原子吸收法测定了水样中的碲（Ⅳ）和碲（Ⅵ），特征浓度为1.2 μg／L／1％ 吸收，检出限0.2μg/L，相对标准偏差1．7％，富集倍数可达100倍。     

钴(Ⅱ)-锌试剂-聚乙二醇-硫酸铵体系及其分析应用

1引言钴是人体健康不可缺少的微量元素。测定钻的分光光度法较多,而兼有分离高集和显色测定为一体的光度法少见报道。本文研究了在pH5．5－9．5的缓冲介质中用聚乙二醇革取分离钴（Ⅱ）-锌试剂络合物的最佳条件和分析应用,建立了新的测定微量钻的非有机溶剂革取光度法。该方法简单、快速,已用于人发,茶叶东维生素B2中钻含量的测定,获得满意结果。2实验部分2．1主要仪器和试剂722型光栅分光光度计,pHB-298型酸度计,钴（Ⅱ）标准溶液：10mg/L;聚乙二醇-6000（PEG）溶液：300g/L;锌试剂（Zincon）溶液：1．0X10－3mol/L;K2HPO…     

在线还原富集-导数火焰原子吸收光谱法测定环境水样中铬(Ⅲ)和铬(Ⅵ)的形态

采用单阀双阳离子交换树脂微柱并联，设计了双路采样逆向洗脱在线分离富集系统，该系统与原子吸收导数测量技术相结合，实现了在线分离富集．导数火焰原子吸收光谱法同时测定水中Cr（Ⅲ）和Cr(Ⅵ），导数仪用2mV／min档位，富集lmin时，分析速度为60样/h，测定Cr（Ⅲ）和Cr(Ⅵ）的特征浓度分别为0．448μg/L和0．793μg/L(相当于1％导数吸收度)，线性范围分别为0-90和0-180μg/L；对浓度分别为10、20μg/LCr（Ⅲ）和Cr(Ⅵ）测定的相对标准偏差分别为2．85％和2．85％；检出限分别为0．855和1．7lμg/L．该法对实际水样加标回收率在94．7％．104％之间。     

山楂果和桑枝提取物中总黄酮含量的Fe（phen）3^2＋探针共振瑞利散射法测定

在pH值约为8.0的BR缓冲介质中,桑色素、槲皮素和芦丁等黄酮类物质能与Fe（phen）32＋反应形成离子缔合物,此时将引起共振瑞利散射（RRS）显著增强,最大RRS波长均位于310 nm。在一定范围内散射强度（ΔI）与黄酮类物质的浓度成正比,据此可以建立用Fe（phen）3^2＋测定某些黄酮类物质的新RRS法。对桑色素、槲皮素和芦丁的检出限（3σ/K）分别为1.25×10^-7mol/L（37.74μg/L）,1.80×10^-7mol/L（54.42μg/L）,2.72×10^-7mol/L（167.30μg/L）。研究了反应的适宜条件和影响因素,考察了共存物质的影响。结果表明,方法有较好的选择性。分别以芦丁和桑色素为对照品测定了中药材山楂果和桑枝中的总黄酮含量,对反应机理进行了初步探讨。     

Removal and recovery of uranium from aqueous solution by tea waste

Experiments on the removal and recovery of U(VI) from aqueous solution by tea waste were conducted. The adsorbent was characterized by scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometer before and after the adsorption treatment. The removal of U(VI) amounts to 86.80?% at optimum pH 6. The adsorption process reaches its equilibrium in 12?h at 308?K, and the kinetic characteristic can be described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation. The amount of adsorption increases from 22.92 to 142.21?mg?g^?1 with the decrease of tea waste dosage from 100 to 10?mg for solution with an initial uranium concentration of 50?mg?L^?1. Desorption for the four strippants is higher than 80?%. The equilibrium data are more agreeable with Freundlich isotherm than Langmuir isotherm.     

Biosorption of actinides from dilute waste actinide solution by egg-shell membrane

Removal of radioactive elements from the effluent and waste aqueous solutions is an important problem. In previous laboratory batch experiments, hen egg-shell membrane (ESM) was stable as an insoluble protein and was very capable of binding heavy metal ions from aqueous solution. Batch laboratory pH profile, time dependency, and capacity experiments were performed to determine the binding of uranium (U) and thorium (Th) to ESM. Batch pH profile experiments indicated that the optimum pH for binding these actinides was approx 6.0 (U) or 3.0 (Th). The adsorption isotherms were developed at pH 5.0 (U) or 3.0 (Th) at 25°C, and the adsorption equilibrium data fitted both Langmuir and Freundlich models. The maximum uptakes by the Langmuir model were about 240 mg U/g and 60 mg Th/g dry weight ESM. In addition, their adsorption capacities increased as salt concentration increased. ESM could also accumulate uranium from dilute aqueous solution by adjusting to the optimum pH. These results showed that ESM was effective for removing actinides from solution and would be useful in filtration technology to remove actinides from aqueous solution. S.-I. Ishikawa is a research fellow at the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.     

Adsorption of thorium from aqueous solution by HDTMA+-pillared bentonite

The ability of hexadecyltrimethylammonium cation pillared bentonite (HDTMA⁺-bentonite) has been explored for the removal and recovery of thorium from aqueous solutions. The adsorbent was characterized using small-angle X-ray diffraction, high resolution transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The influences of different experimental parameters such as solution pH, initial thorium concentration, contact time and temperature on adsorption were investigated. The HDTMA⁺-bentonite showed the highest thorium sorption capacity at initial pH of 3.5 and contact time of 60?min. Adsorption kinetics was better described by the pseudo-second-order model and adsorption process could be well defined by the Langmuir isotherm. The thermodynamic parameters, ?G° (298?K), ?H° and ?S° were determined to be ?31.78, ?23.71?kJ/mol and 27.10?J/mol?K, respectively, which demonstrated the sorption process of HDTMA⁺-bentonite towards Th(VI) was feasible, spontaneous and exothermic in nature. The adsorption on HDTMA⁺-bentonite was more favor than Na-bentonite, in addition the saturated monolayer sorption capacity increased from 17.88 to 31.20?mg/g at 298?K after HDTMA⁺ pillaring. The adsorbed HDTMA⁺-bentonite could be effectively regenerated by 0.1?mol/L HCl solution for the removal and recovery of Th(VI). Complete removal (99.9?%) of Th(VI) from 1.0?L industry wastewater containing 16.8?mg Th(VI) ions was possible with 7.0?g HDTMA⁺-bentonite.     

An efficient approach for enrichment of three isochlorogenic acids from Kuding tea using MCI-GEL resin

Kuding tea are used as a traditional tea material and widely consumed in China. Isochlorogenic acids are considered to be one of the major functional ingredients. In this study, nine types of resins including six macroporous resins and three MCI-GEL resins were investigated by adsorption and desorption tests toward the isochlorogenic acids. The HP50SS was selected as the optimal one and the effect of several factors were investigated to make optimization of the adsorption and desorption conditions for enrichment of isochlorogenic acids. As a result, 38.50?mg of refined extract including 31.70?mg total isochlorogenic acids could be separated and enriched from 500.0?mg of crude extract in which the content of total isochlorogenic acids was 8.6% and the recovery of isochlorogenic acids reached 73.4%. Meanwhile, under optimal dynamic adsorption and desorption conditions, the final contents of total isochlorogenic acids increased 9.3-fold when compared to that of crude extract in a scale-up enriched experiment. The results demonstrated that the HP50SS MCI-GEL resin was suitable for purification and enrichment of isochlorogenic acids from Kuding tea. The established protocol was high-efficiency, low-cost and environment-friendly, which could afford a potential approach for industrial applications to enrich and concentrate isochlorogenic acids from Kuding tea.     

离子交换树脂的选择及柠檬酸溶液循环使用研究

用离子交换树脂法吸附柠檬酸溶液中的金属离子,苯乙烯系阳离子交换树脂的吸附性能较好,它对镍、铝离子的吸附容量均较大,且吸附前后柠檬酸溶液的浓度变化较小.静态条件下树脂对镍的吸附容量为16.83mg Ni/g干树脂,对铝为21.36mg Al/g干树脂;动态条件下树脂对镍的吸附容量为6.78mg Ni/g干树脂,对铝为31.8mgAl/g干树脂,吸附液流速为1m/h～3m/h.吸附后的柠檬酸溶液可循环使用.当用1mol/L硫酸解吸时,树脂对镍铝的解吸率可达90%以上.当硫酸中Ni2 为1.70mmol/L,Al3 为7.40mmol/L时,树脂的解吸率仍可达80%以上.     

A chelating resin containing trihydroxybenzoic acid as the functional group: synthesis and adsorption behavior for Th(IV) and U(VI) ions

A novel glycidyl methacrylate chelating resin has been synthesized through copolymerization of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) in the presence of divinylbenzene (DVB), the resulting resin was immobilized with 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid (THBA) to give GMA/DVB/THBA chelating resin. The adsorption of Th(IV) and U(VI) on GMA/DVB/THBA adsorbent was studied as a function of initial concentration, pH, shaking time and temperature. The novel chelating resin shows a high capacity for Th(IV) and U(VI), maximum adsorption of Th(IV) and U(VI) were 56 and 83.6 mg/g, respectively. Kinetic studies showed that the adsorption follows the pseudo second order model referring to the influence of the textural properties of the resin on the rate of adsorption. Thermodynamic parameters such as ?H° and ?S° were studied and indicated an endothermic process.     

Synthesis of N,N′-dimethyl-N,N′-dibutyl malonamide functionalized polymer and its sorption affinities towards U(VI) and Th(IV) ions

A novel chelating polymeric material was synthesized by chemical anchoring of N,N′-dimethyl-N,N′-dibutyl malonamide (DMDBMA) with chloromethylated polystyrene-divinyl benzene polymer. The polymeric material thus prepared was characterized by ¹³C NMR, FT-IR spectroscopy and CHN elemental analysis. The fabricated polymeric material exhibited superior binding for hexa-valent and tetra-valent metal ions such as U(VI) and Th(IV). Various physico-chemical properties of the functionalized polymer like phase adsorption kinetics, metal sorption mechanism and metal sorption capacity was studied in the static method. Adsorption kinetics studies show that <20 min was sufficient for >99.99% adsorption of Th(IV) and U(VI). The kinetics for adsorption of U(VI) and Th(IV) was found to follow the first order Lagergren rate kinetics. Adsorption of U(VI) on the malonamide functionalized polymer followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The Langmuir monolayer adsorption phenomenon was also confirmed by the theoretical approach calculated based on the adsorption kinetics. The metal sorption capacities for uranium and thorium were found to be 18.78 ± 1.53 mg and 15.74 ± 1.59 mg/g of the chelating polymer at 3 M HNO₃, respectively.     

浮石负载壳聚糖吸附去除水中丙溴磷

通过浮石负载壳聚糖制备了吸附剂壳聚糖/浮石复合物,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、热重分析(TGA)、元素分析、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)和X射线荧光光谱(XRF)等技术手段表征了吸附剂性质,考察了吸附剂量、吸附时间、溶液pH值、离子强度和温度对该吸附剂吸附去除水中丙溴磷的影响,研究了再生吸附剂的吸附性能。结果表明,负载在浮石上的壳聚糖占吸附剂总量的8.69%;在p H值3.0~7.0内,壳聚糖/浮石对丙溴磷的吸附率大于90%;这种吸附剂对丙溴磷的吸附受溶液离子强度影响较小,随温度升高而稍微减小。在溶液温度25℃、pH=7.0、丙溴磷浓度40 mg/L、壳聚糖/浮石剂量为0.7 g/L和吸附平衡时间为90 min条件下,此吸附剂对丙溴磷最大吸附率为93.3%(最大吸附量为53.4 mg/g)。壳聚糖/浮石连续经过3次吸附/再生循环,每次循环对丙溴磷的吸附率下降约12%。可见壳聚糖/浮石通过吸附可有效地去除水中的农药丙溴磷。     

Biosorption characteristics of uranium(VI) from aqueous solution by pummelo peel

The biomass pummelo peel was chosen as a biosorbent for removal of uranium(VI) from aqueous solution. The feasibility of adsorption of U(VI) by Pummelo peel was studied with batch adsorption experiments. The effects of contact time, biosorbent dosage and pH on adsorption capacity were investigated in detail. The pummelo peel exhibited the highest U(VI) sorption capacity 270.71?mg/g at an initial pH of 5.5, concentration of 50???g/mL, temperature 303?K and contacting time 7?h. The adsorption process of U(VI) was found to follow the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation. The adsorption isotherm study indicated that it followed both the Langmuir adsorption isotherm and the Freundlich adsorption isotherm. The thermodynamic parameters values calculated clearly indicated that the adsorption process was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic in nature. These properties show that the pummelo peel has potential application in the removal of the uranium(VI) from the radioactive waste water.     

Uranium(VI) and Thorium(IV) Adsorption Studies on Chelating Resin Containing Pentaethylenehexamine as a Functional Group

A new chelating resin (glycidyl methacrylate/divinylbenzene/pentaethylenehexamine (GMA/DVB/PEHA)) for uranium(VI) and thorium(IV) has been developed by functionalizing GMA/DVB with PEHA. The adsorption of U(VI) and Th(IV) ions onto the functionalized GMA/DVB/PEHA were investigated as a function of pH value, contact time, and temperature using batch adsorption technique. The results showed that U(VI) and Th(IV) adsorption onto GMA/DVB/PEHA was strongly dependent on pH. Kinetic studies revealed that the adsorption process achieved equilibrium within 15 and 90 minutes for Th(IV) and U(VI), respectively, and followed a pseudo-second-order rate equation. The isothermal data correlated with the Langmuir model better than the Freundlich model. Thermodynamic data indicated the spontaneous and endothermic nature of the process. The maximum adsorption capacity of U(VI) and Th(IV) were found to be 114 and 78 mg/g, respectively. Quantitative recovery of uranium and thorium were achieved by desorbing the loaded GMA/DVB/PEHA with 0.5 M HNO₃