白马骨挥发油的GC-MS分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法从白马骨中提取挥发油,再通过气-质联用(GC-MS)技术对所提取的挥发油的化学成分进行分离鉴定,共测定了其中的36种成分.已成功鉴定的成分占样品总量的93.39%,其主要成分为脂肪酸,占挥发油总量的74.23%,其次为烷烃化合物8.54%,酯类化合物3.96%,酮类化合物2.36%,烯烃化合物1.95%,醇类化合物1.71%,其它化合物(1个)仅占0.71%.     

吉祥草挥发油化学成分的研究

对贵州产吉祥草的挥发性化学成分进行分析.采取同时蒸馏萃取法提取吉祥草挥发油,用GC-MS分析吉祥草挥发油的化学成分.通过计算机检索,共鉴定出58个化合物,其峰面积相对含量占挥发油总量的81.75%,其主要化合物为反式-石竹烯(7.01%)、芳樟醇L(6.97%)、松油酮(5.45%)等.     

兴安落叶松针叶挥发油的GC-MS和启发渐进式特征投影法分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取兴安落叶松针叶挥发油,利用气相色谱.质谱(GC-MS)联用对挥发油进行成分测定,并对其重叠色谱峰采用启发渐进式特征投影(HELP)法进行分辨,得到各组分的纯色谱峰和质谱,然后采用峰面积归一化法确定各化合物的相对含量.共分离出110种化合物,鉴定了70种化合物,占挥发油总量的93.09%,其中单萜、倍半萜和二萜的含量分别为31.92%、53.29%和6.91%.     

小叶女贞花挥发性成分分析

采用水蒸汽蒸馏法,分别以正己烷和乙醚为萃取剂从小叶女贞花中提取挥发性成分,结合气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)法,运用峰面积归一化法计算各化学成分在挥发油中的相对含量.在正己烷萃取的挥发油中鉴定了45种组分,在乙醚萃取的挥发油中鉴定了58种组分.研究了不同极性溶剂作萃取剂对小叶女贞花挥发性成分的影响.     

昆仑雪菊挥发物GC-MS分析

比较了水蒸气蒸馏法和固相微萃取法对昆仑雪菊发挥性成分萃取能力和萃取物种类的区别。分别利用水蒸气蒸馏法(HD)和顶空―固相微萃取法(HS-SPME)对昆仑雪菊挥发物进行萃取富集,用气相色谱―质谱法分析测定。结果表明,两种方法共提取、鉴定出65种化合物,其中水蒸气蒸馏法鉴定出49个化合物,顶空固相微萃取方法鉴定出35个化合物;两种方法相同的化合物共19个,占水蒸气蒸馏法鉴定化合物的78%,占固相微萃取法鉴定化合物的91%。两种提取方法得到的挥发物组分有部分差异,因此同时采用两种方法能够更加全面、完整地对昆仑雪菊的挥发性组分进行分析。     

超临界CO2萃取与水蒸气蒸馏法研究泽兰中挥发性有机物

以超临界CO2萃取法(SFE)提取中药泽兰中的挥发性有机物,经气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)分析,人工解析质谱图及计算机谱库检索相结合进行化学成分结构鉴定,用面积归一化法计算各组分的相对含量。SFE法提取的产率为0.78%,共鉴定75种挥发性化合物,主要成分为植醇、石竹烯氧化物、十六酸、亚油酸、葎草烯等,比文献报道的该挥发油成分多且含量差异较大,其中松香芹醇、蒲勒烯、马鞭烯酮、香芹酮、十六酸、亚油酸、葎草烯、十六酸乙酯、亚麻酸等多种成分未见报道。与水蒸气蒸馏法(SD)提取的泽兰挥发油进行比较,后者提取的产率为0.12%,从中鉴定出50种化合物,主要成分为石竹烯氧化物、柠檬烯、α-蒎烯、葎草烯、月桂烯等。SFE与SD得到的成分仅有31种相同,其它各不相同。     

新疆藁本挥发油的抑菌活性及组分分析

为了明确中药材新疆藁本挥发油对植物病原真菌的熏蒸抑制活性及分析其化学组分,为新疆藁本挥发油在农业上的应用提供参考依据。采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取新疆藁本挥发油,通过生长速率法测定其挥发油对小麦赤霉病菌、水稻胡麻斑病菌、草莓灰霉病菌和苹果炭疽病菌4种植物病原真菌的熏蒸抑制作用,并利用气质联用仪(GC-MS)分析新疆藁本挥发油的化学组分。结果表明,新疆藁本挥发油对供试的4种植物病原真菌均有强烈的熏蒸抑制作用,有效中浓度(EC_(50))分别为0.98、1.01、1.46、2.79μL/皿。GC-MS从新疆藁本挥发油中共检测到23个组分,鉴定出其中17个,占挥发油总量的99.796%,其主要组分为肉豆蔻醚(94.328%)、2-莰烯(3.018%)等。新疆藁本挥发油可作为抑制植物病原真菌的天然活性成分资源,开发利用。     

中国车前草挥发性化学成分分析

用同时蒸馏 萃取装置(SDE)提取中国车前草的挥发性物质,测得车前草挥发油质量分数为2.79%,用GC MS法从车前草的挥发油中分离确认出20种化学成分,占挥发油总量的95.08%。用峰面积归一化法通过化学工作站数据处理系统得出各化学成分在挥发油中的质量分数。     

GC-MS分析南方红豆杉种子中的挥发油

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取南方红豆杉种子中的挥发油，测得南方红豆杉种子挥发油的收率为2．5％。通过GC-MS技术分析了南方红豆杉种子中挥发油的化学成分。按照GC／MS通用法则，初步确定了24种化合物的结构。并用峰面积归一化法得出在挥发油中的各化学成分。其中主要成分酸类占挥发油总量的81．28％．其次的烷烃类化合物为12．74％，醛类化合物为1．80％，不饱和烷烃类化合物1．44％，醇类化合物占0、89％，酯类化合物为0．52％，胺类化合物为0．34％。这几类物质占种子中挥发油总量的99．01％。     

微波提取对挥发油化学成分的影响

采用无溶剂微波辅助提取与微波水蒸气蒸馏法提取薄荷叶和花椒挥发油,气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析挥发油化学成分,与传统的水蒸气蒸馏对比,考察了微波对挥发油化学成分的影响.结果表明,微波促使薄荷叶挥发油中的薄荷醇氧化,转变为长叶薄荷酮和少量的薄荷呋喃酮.花椒挥发油中的按油素等化合物受质子的催化,在长时间温度较高的提取条件...     

侧柏叶中挥发性组分的酶提取及分析

侧柏叶为柏科(Cupressaceae)植物侧柏Biota orientalis(L.)End l.的干燥嫩枝叶,侧柏别名扁柏、香柏、片柏、片松。常绿乔木,多为栽培,为我国特产[1]。侧柏叶气清香,味苦涩、微辛。具有凉血止血、清肺止咳功效,在临床上常用于治疗出血症、风湿痹痛、高血压、咳喘等,国内外学者对     

Determination of Essential Oil Components of Star Anise (Illicium verum) Using Simultaneous Hydrodistillation–Static Headspace Liquid-Phase Microextraction–Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

Abstract

In this study, the hydrodistillation–headspace solvent microextraction (HD-HSME) method was used for extraction and analysis of chemical components of star anise (Illicium verum). Effective parameters for HSME, such as the nature of the extracting solvent, headspace volume, particle size of the sample, and the extraction time, were studied and optimized, and the method's performance was evaluated. The chemical compositions of the HD-HSME and HD extracts were confirmed according to their retention indexes and mass spectra (EI, 70 eV), and quantitative analysis was performed by gas chromatography (GC)–flame ionization detection (FID). Using HD-HSME followed by GC-MS, 49 compounds were separated and identified in star anise, which mainly included trans-anethole (81.4.0%), limonene (6.50%), chavicol (2.10%), and anisaldehyde (1.81%). The results of HD-HSME followed by GC-MS, in comparison with traditional the hydrodistillation method, shows that the proposed method is simple, rapid, and efficient for the determination of volatile compounds in star anise.     

Rapid determination of volatile constituents in safflower by microwave distillation and simultaneous solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

In this paper, microwave distillation and solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (MD-SPME/GC-MS) was developed for the analysis of essential components in safflower. Using the MD-SPME technique, the isolation, extraction and concentration of volatile compounds in safflower were carried out in only one step. Some parameters affecting the extraction efficiency such as SPME fiber coating, microwave power, irradiation time and the volume of water added were optimized. The optimal experiment parameters obtained were: 65 microm CW/DVB SPME fiber, a microwave power of 400 W, an irradiation time of 3 min and water volume of 1 mL. The proposed method has been compared with conventional steam distillation (SD) for extraction of essential oil compounds in safflower. Using MD-SPME followed by GC-MS, 32 compounds in safflower were separated and identified, which mainly included paeonol, alpha-asarone, beta-asarone, 1-methyl-4-(2-propenyl)-benzene and diethenyl-benzene, whereas only 18 compounds were separated and identified by conventional SD followed by GC-MS. The relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) values of less than 10% show that the proposed method has good reproducibility. The results show that MD-SPME/GC-MS is a simple, rapid, effective method for the analysis of volatile oil components in safflower.     

Comparative analysis of the oil and supercritical CO(2) extract of Schinus molle L. growing in Yemen

In this study, we report the preliminary data on the chemical composition of Yemeni Schinus molle L. volatile oil obtained by supercritical extraction with carbon dioxide (40°C and 90?bar), SFE, and by hydrodistillation (HD). The composition of the volatile oil has been analysed by GC and GC-MS. The content of the major constituents in the oils from leaves varied in the following ranges: germacrene D 3.7% in SFE and 16.7% in HD; β-caryophyllene 19.1% in SFE and 13.5% in HD. The amount of monoterpenes constituted 4%, in all the analysed samples, while the number of sesquiterpenes was 44% in supercritical and 67% in HD oil. Some compounds were not identified by GC-MS and it will require further analysis using other analytical techniques.     

Comparing the effect of sub-critical water extraction with conventional extraction methods on the chemical composition of Lavandula stoechas

The volatile extract composition of Lavandula stoechas flowers obtained by hydrodistillation (HD), subcrtical water extraction (SbCWE) and organic solvent extraction under ultrasonic irradiation (USE) were estimated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). One hundred and twenty four components were detected in SbCWE extracts while 94 and 65 signals were gained from HD and USE extracts, respectively. Most of the constituents were identified. The major compounds in all three extracts were fenchon, camphor, myrtenyl acetate, myrtenol and 1,8-cineol, but they differ in quantitatively. The total monoterpene hydrocarbons are higher in HD and USE extracts than those of SbCWE extract. However, SbCWE extract had higher concentration of light oxygenated compounds which contributes to the fragrance of the oil in a major extension. Heavy-oxygenated compounds was also in higher abundance in SbCWE extract (9.90%) than those of HD and USE extracts (3.19 and 4.78%, respectively). Effect of temperature on the extraction yield of SbCWE was investigated and while oil yield was increasing with an increase in temperature, a decrease in the extraction ability of sub-critical water toward the more polar compounds such as, 1,8-cineol, camphor and fenchon, was observed. Kinetic studies shown that SbCWE is clearly quicker than conventional alternatives. Most of components of volatile compounds were extracted at 15min.     

臭椿籽挥发油的化学成分分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法对甘肃天水产的臭椿籽挥发油进行提取，挥发油得率约为2．1％(w)；用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对挥发性成分进行了分析，鉴定了43个化合物，占挥发油相对含量的96．3％；主要成分为脂肪酸及酯、脂肪烃及甾族化合物，其中含量较高的有亚油酸、油酸、蓖麻酸和蓖麻酸甲酯。     

Headspace hollow fiber protected liquid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy for speciation and determination of volatile organic compounds of selenium in environmental and biological samples

A simple and novel speciation method for the determination of volatile organic compounds of selenium (dimethylselenide (DMSe) and dimethyldiselenide (DMDSe) has been developed using a headspace hollow fiber protected liquid-phase microextraction (HS-HF-LPME) combined with capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The organic solvent impregnated in the pores and filled inside the porous hollow fiber membrane was used as an extraction interface in the HS-HF-LPME of the compounds. The effect of different variables on the extraction efficiency was studied simultaneously using an experimental design. The variables of interest in the HS-HF-LPME were sample volume, extraction time, temperature of sample solution, ionic strength, stirring rate and dwelling time. A Plackett-Burman design was performed for screening in order to determine the significant variables affecting the extraction efficiency. Then, the significant factors were optimized by a Box-Behnken design (BBD) and the response surface equations were derived. Under optimum conditions, preconcentration factors up to 1250 and 1170 were achieved for DMSe and DMDSe respectively. The detection limit and relative standard deviation (RSD) (n=5, c=50 μg L(-1)) for DMSe were 65 ng L(-1) and 4.8%, respectively. They were also obtained for DMDSe as 57 ng L(-1) and 3.9%, respectively. The developed technique was found to be applicable to spiked environmental and biological samples.     

苦杏仁挥发油化学成分的微波-同时蒸馏萃取GC-MS分析

报道了用微波照射－同时蒸馏萃取法提取苦杏仁挥发性物质，测得苦杏仁挥发油的含量为4.5%（ω），利用GC－MS法分离确认出18种化学成分，用峰面积归一化法通过化学工作站数据处理系统得出各化学成分在挥发油中的相对含量；其中主要成分为苯甲醛，占总挥发油的89.1%；又用加成分解法分离出苯甲醛，并用IR、EI－MS法对其进行分析鉴定加以确认。     

Composition and antioxidant activity of Thymus vulgaris volatiles: Comparison between supercritical fluid extraction and hydrodistillation

Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of the volatile oil from Thymus vulgaris L. aerial flowering parts was performed under different conditions of pressure, temperature, mean particle size and CO₂ flow rate and the correspondent yield and composition were compared with those of the essential oil isolated by hydrodistillation (HD). Both the oils were analyzed by GC and GC‐MS and 52 components were identified. The main volatile components obtained were p‐cymene (10.0–42.6% for SFE and 28.9–34.8% for HD), γ‐terpinene (0.8–6.9% for SFE and 5.1–7.0% for HD), linalool (2.3–5.3% for SFE and 2.8–3.1% for HD), thymol (19.5–40.8% for SFE and 35.4–41.6% for HD), and carvacrol (1.4–3.1% for SFE and 2.6–3.1% for HD). The main difference was found to be the relative percentage of thymoquinone (not found in the essential oil) and carvacryl methyl ether (1.0–1.2% for HD versus t?0.4 for SFE) which can explain the higher antioxidant activity, assessed by Rancimat test, of the SFE volatiles when compared with HD. Thymoquinone is considered a strong antioxidant compound.     

液态及超临界CO_2萃取八角茴香油的研究

本文用液态及超临界CO_2对八角茴香油进行了萃取研究，在萃取压力为20．0～25．0MPa的条件下，详细地考察了临界温度上下萃取温度和解析温度对出油率和油的表观相态的影响，结果表明，萃取温度越高和／或解析温度越低出油率越低；用液体CO_2萃取比用超临界CO_2萃取的出油率要高得多；萃取温度大约在318K以下或解析温度在临界温度以下时，萃取所得八角茴香油都有明显分层现象．