双变形镜自适应光学全场补偿模拟

在双变形镜自适应光学系统中 ,实现全场补偿的关键步骤之一是使得变形镜 2上主激光的振幅分布具有信标光振幅分布。根据 Y-G波场恢复理论 ,编制了波前恢复程序 ,研究了实现振幅和相位校正湍流问题。研究表明 ,相对于纯相位补偿 ,全场补偿使得 Strehl比提高了 1 .2 7～ 2 .50倍。在变形镜 1和变形镜 2之间的距离为 1 0 m时 ,也使得 Strehl比提高 1 .1 3～ 1 .50倍。     

信标光波长对全场补偿的影响

 激光在近水平长距离传输时,闪烁效应会影响自适应光学的校正效果。在Rytov近似下,导出了纯相位补偿方差和全场补偿方差与信标光波长的关系,研究了信标光波长对补偿效果的影响。结果表明,当信标光的波长与主激光波长之比小于1.89时,全场补偿的方差小于纯相位补偿的方差。     

固体板条MOPA激光光束质量主动控制

详细介绍了固体板条MOPA激光系统输出光束特性,包括光束近场强度分布、波前畸变空间特性和时间频率特性等,并以此为设计输入,研制了大动态范围高空间分辨率变形镜。研制的自适应光学闭环校正系统在强光条件下,实现了全程闭环控制,光束质量因子平均值从开环7.4提高到4.06。根据当前波前闭环校正残差,提出了进一步提高MOPA系统输出光束质量的方法。     

激光导星共孔径发射接收的偏振分光效率研究

在地平式折轴望远镜上开展自适应光学瑞利激光导星实验,研究了信标光束同孔径发射和接收偏振分光技术。基于镜面膜层复振幅反射特性,采用琼斯矩阵描述方法,建立了偏振分光物理模型,研究了共孔径发射和接收偏振耦合分光的效率问题,并与实验结果进行了比较。结果表明,由于镜面膜层对s光和p光的相位延迟差异,系统偏振分光效率随着望远镜的方位角旋转会发生周期性的变化,同时也受望远镜天顶角变化的影响。在研究光路反射镜相位延迟对往返分光效率影响规律的基础上,提出了提高地平式折轴望远镜激光导星共孔径发射和接收偏振分光效率,消除受望远镜方位角和天顶角变化影响的技术途径。     

基于随机并行梯度下降方法的动态光束净化实验研究

高能激光系统中通常包含光束净化装置以对激光器出射光束的波前畸变进行连续校正.为研究随机并行梯度下降自适应光学方法在光束净化问题上的可行性,按算法运行时序连续改变37单元变形镜的面形,以在实验光路中引入高能激光器输出光束的常见动态波前畸变,同时采用随机并行梯度下降算法控制同一变形镜对此动态畸变进行校正.实验结果显示,在事先消除系统初始像差的情况下,系统分别以1 kHz和2 kHz的模拟迭代速率工作时,激光束的动态像差都得到了充分抑制,光束质量在整个校正时段内始终维持在较好水平.这表明随机并行梯度下降自适应光学方法应用在光束净化系统中是可行的.     

带有自适应光学系统的ICF装置光束传输程序

 以典型的惯性约束聚变（ICF）装置为基础,根据ICF中光传输、光放大和光倍频等原理,建立了一套含自适应光学校正系统的ICF仿真软件。通过比对国内外相应的文献和专业软件的光的线性传播、非线性传播、光的增益、光的倍频等来验证软件仿真的准确性和可靠性。给出了经自适应光学系统校正前后基频光的近场强度和相位分布,3倍频光的近、远场的光强分布,说明自适应光学在提高ICF装置输出光束质量中的作用。该软件的建立将为优化ICF系统中自适应光学的设计提供参考。     

随机并行梯度下降光束净化实验研究

利用自适应光学技术进行光束净化是高能激光系统中一项重要的研究内容.为实现光束净化系统的小型化和低成本,基于系统性能评价函数无模型最优化的波前畸变校正方法是适合的技术方案.就随机并行梯度下降(SPGD)最优化算法在光束净化系统中的应用展开研究.针对高能激光束常见的像差分布进行了SPGD波前校正的数值模拟,在此基础上构建了37单元自适应光学光束净化实验平台,讨论了双边扰动梯度估计和迭代增益系数自适应变化对算法收敛特性的影响.数值模拟与实验结果验证了SPGD算法对不同程度波前畸变的校正能力,表明了SPGD光束净化方案的可行性.     

内腔自适应光学系统校正激光器畸变

固体激光器中,增益介质由于热沉积产生的热畸变严重影响了激光器的稳定性、输出功率和光束质量。研究了一种内腔自适应光学系统校正激光器腔内畸变的方法,利用微机电变形反射镜作为固体激光器的内腔全反射镜,通过控制变形镜的面型改善激光器输出光束的模式及功率。从腔外引入的一束信标光通过激光器内腔后反射出腔外,用波前探测器可测得激光器工作时腔内畸变对此信标光的影响,并通过搭建的自适应光学系统平台可闭环校正此畸变。实验结果表明,闭环校正后,激光器的输出功率提高了近3倍,且激光光束质量得到了明显的改善。     

强湍流效应下不同信标波长的自适应光学校正

激光在大气中长距离传输时所产生的相位不连续点的数目与位置不仅与大气湍流和传输距离有关，而且与传输的激光波长有关。由于对主激光进行补偿的相位是从畸变的信标光场中获得的，当畸变光场中出现相位不连续点后，畸变光场的相位由连续相位部分和不连续相位部分组成，不连续相位部分直接与畸变光场中出现的相位不连续点的数密度和其所在的位置有关，一般情况下，主激光的波长与信标光的波长是不同的，因此当主激光的波长一定后，为了对不连续相位进行补偿，以便提高强湍流效应条件下的自适应光学校正能力，必须要考虑合作信标的波长。计算结果表明，考虑了不连续相位的影响后，虽然对主激光的校正效果有所改善，但对不同波长的信标改善的效果并不相同，只有信标光波长稍长于主激光的波长时，校正效果才有明显的改善。     

37单元双压电片变形镜板条激光光束净化

为了校正板条激光器输出光束波前像差,改善输出光束质量,提出了基于37单元双压电片变形镜的板条激光光束净化系统。采用柱面反射式单向扩束器使主振荡功率放大结构板条激光器输出光束尺寸与37单元双压电片变形镜有效口径相匹配,利用随机并行梯度下降算法控制双压电片变形镜面形,进行波前像差闭环校正,校正后光束远场归一化桶中功率提高到净化前的2~3倍。     

辐射温度的数据处理方法

辐射温度是间接驱动惯性约束聚变实验中可以定量测量的重要物理量。引进了一种通过直接计算辐射通量来得到辐射温度的方法,该方法的主要优点是计算简单,避免了某些时刻不能计算辐射温度的情况。由该方法得到的辐射温度与传统方法计算结果符合较好,不确定度均为7%。通过与冲击波测量温度峰值的结果对比确认了数据处理方法的正确性。在此基础上建立了国内某大型激光装置上的新型15道软X光能谱仪的数据处理系统。     

重复高压脉冲产生与成形一体化装置研制

介绍了脉冲变压器与分布参量形成线相结合的高功率脉冲产生与成形一体技术,简要阐述了采用该技术的高压脉冲发生器的基本设计思想。研制的脉冲变压器与形成线一体化装置利用变压器的同轴开环铁芯来充当分布电参量脉冲形成线的内外导体,将脉冲功率源中最重要的两个独立部件有机结合起来,实现了结构的紧凑性。高压脉冲发生器在重复频率100 Hz、变压器工作电压1.65 MV时能够稳定运行,输出脉冲电压760 kV,峰值功率23 GW,脉冲宽度大于40 ns。     

Adaptive optics for airborne platforms—Part 2: controller design

In an airborne platform adaptive optics application, the inbound (beacon) and outbound (high-energy laser) wavefronts propagate through different regions of the atmosphere at different time instants, that is, spatial and temporal anisoplanatism cannot be neglected. Measurements in an airborne platform system are from the inbound (beacon) wavefront and therefore, the outbound, high-energy laser's wavefront phase distortion Zernike expansion coefficients must be estimated. Once the said estimates are available, these values are used by a linear quadratic regulator to drive the actuators of the deformable mirror. The controller, which consists of a Kalman filter estimator in tandem with the regulator, provides commands to the piezoelectric actuators of the deformable mirror. Thus, the estimated conjugate phase is applied to the mirror and, hence, to the outbound high-energy laser wavefront, such that at the aim point on the target, the high-energy laser wavefront distortion is minimized. In other words, the high-energy laser is correctly pointed to the aim point and the Strehl ratio is maximized. In this way, the correct deformation is applied to the deformable mirror and the benefits of adaptive optics are realized in an airborne platform application. In Part 2 of this paper, the design of the controller, that is, a Kalman filter and regulator, is addressed. The theoretical derivations are validated in extensive simulation experiments.     

激光导引星自适应光学系统对大气湍流低阶像差校正效果分析

 在对大气湍流相位扰动进行Zernike多项式展开的基础上,通过对信标和目标光的Zernike系数相关因子的推导, 得到了实际自适应光学系统（系统存在时间滞后和有限的空间分辨率）对相位扰动各阶像差的校正残差公式。同时结合实际,对瑞利导星以及钠导星自适应光学系统补偿大气湍流各阶像差的能力进行了计算和分析,为实际自适应光学系统的设计提供了理论参考。     

Simulation of anisoplanatism of adaptive optical system in inhomogeneous turbulent atmosphere

The goal of this study was to analyse anisoplanatism of adaptive optics under an inhomogeneous turbulent atmosphere over a pupil of finite size. By means of a numerical model with layers of turbulence software was proposed by which point spread function (PSF), optical transfer function (OTF) as well as system isoplanatic angle can be calculated. Atmospheric turbulence was simulated with the aid of a set of moving random phase screens with arbitrary statistics. Both reference and target are assumed to be the point light sources. To simulate atmospheric turbulence we applied the concept of a number of moving random phase screens with Kolmogorov spectrum. In my investigation I used the model of the Shack-Hartmann wave front sensor and the ideal model of a wave front adaptive mirror that is assumed to reproduce a given number of Zernike polynomials without time delays. The designed software allows calculation of instantaneous and average values of phase correction errors at different angles between a reference beacon and target source. Simulations can be made with a broad range of parameters of an adaptive system and atmospheric turbulence. The system of the model allows changing of the control algorithm of phase correction. Both common phase conjugation and weighted phase conjugation algorithm have been tested. This program is capable of calculating the effects of beam diffraction during propagation in the atmosphere.     

Reduction of laser spot elongation in adaptive optics

Adaptive optics systems measure the wave front to be corrected by use of a reference source, a star, or a laser beacon. Such laser guide stars are a few kilometers long, and when observed near the edges of large telescopes they appear elongated. This limits their utility significantly. However, with more sophisticated launch optics their shape and length can be controlled. We propose to string around the rim of a telescope a number of small telescopes that will add laser beams in the scattering medium to create a compact spot. The method could also be adapted for ocular adaptive optics.     

Influence of the Measurement Volume on the Phase Error in Phase Doppler Anemometry. Part 2: Analysis by extension of geometrical optics to the laser beam; Refractive mode operation

The influence of the measurement volume can be investigated by using extended geometrical optics, which is based on geometrical optics by including the amplitude and phase distribution in the laser beam. The dynamics in phase Doppler anemometry can be analysed, in addition to effects of the particle size-dependent detection volume. Extended geometrical optics has been developed as a powerful tool to investigate these influences for each order of light scattering separately. Phase errors caused by Gaussian-beam intensity distribution and the curvature of the wave fronts beyond the beam waist can easily be calculated. According to Part 1 (Reflective Mode Operation), the influence of the particle trajectories on measured phase and mass concentration is simulated for refractive mode operation.