双层多孔介质内预混燃烧的实验和二维数值模拟

对双层多孔介质燃烧器内丙烷/空气预混燃烧进行实验和数值研究.实验对多孔介质燃烧器内固体温度场分布进行测量分析;数值计算利用商业软件FLUENT6.2,通过添加用户自定义标量方程和用户自定义函数,对有壁面散热的双层多孔介质内预混燃烧进行了二维模拟,并与实验结果进行了比较.结果表明,双层多孔介质燃烧器具有良好的稳定燃烧范围和较低的污染物排放;壁面散热对多孔介质燃烧的影响不可忽视.     

双头部燃烧室两相燃烧流场数值研究

本文在贴体坐标系下对双头部火焰简内三维两相紊流燃烧过程进行数值模拟,采用代数雷诺应力模型模拟紊流粘性、EBU-二阶矩模型模拟燃烧反应速率、六通量辐射模型考虑热辐射对燃烧流场及火焰筒壁温的影响.分别运用颗粒轨道模型与颗粒随机轨道模型研究燃烧室内气液两相流动与燃烧过程,将所得出口温度分布与实验结果进行比较,均较为相符.     

W型火焰燃烧的实验研究

本文设计了1 MW“W型”火焰煤粉燃烧实验台,并对焦作无烟煤进行了热态试验,分析了炉膛最高温度(火焰中心)的位置对W火焰的稳定形成的重要性,通过实验测得了其合理的相关位置。实验结果表明: W型火焰燃烧有很强的低负荷稳燃性,特别适合于低挥发份煤的燃烧。当火焰中心位置处于最下层二次风处时,炉内才能形成较好的W火焰;下炉膛中前后墙的壁面热负荷较为均匀,而左右墙的壁面热负荷分布呈“中间温度高两边温度低”的特性;上炉膛左右墙与前后墙的壁面温度分布基本一致。     

四角切圆燃烧锅炉炉膛内流体流动的实验研究

本文采用一维ＬＤＡ技术通过旋转方法对四角切圆燃烧煤粉锅炉炉膛内的冷态空气动力场进行了实验研究,得出了该流动定量化的流动特征：中心较明显的向下流动;下部燃烧器区外旋气流沿壁面向下流动;在屏式过热器下面仍然存在较强的旋转流动。本文所提供的数据可用于数值计算结果的检验。     

四墙切圆燃烧方式壁面热负荷

本文将燃烧器布置在四墙中心附近,试验发现:四墙切圆燃烧方式可大大提高燃烧器区域壁面热负荷分布的均匀性。对宜宾无烟煤,四墙中心布置方式其壁面温差Tmax-Tmin平均值为四角切圆方式的24.7%; 对神木烟煤,其壁面温差Tmax-Tmin平均值为四角切圆方式的58.7%。这对防止燃烧器区域壁面结渣和高温腐蚀有重要意义。     

环形燃烧室内气相燃烧及两相流动计算

采用TTM法与型线定点法相结合的方式生成带涡流器环形燃烧室贴体网格,在任意曲线坐标系中对其三维两相反应流场进行数值模拟,采用的紊流、燃烧以及辐射模型分别为:标准k-ε方程,EBU-Arrhenius公式,六通量热辐射模型等。在同位网格系下气相采用SIMPLE算法求解,气液两相流动用PSIC法模拟。通过对两种燃烧室的计算结果与实验值比较表明本计算方法合理,所得的计算结果可为环形燃烧室的优化设计提供指导数据。     

贴体坐标系下模型加力室的大涡模拟

本文利用贴体网格对带V形槽稳定器模型加力燃烧室素流化学反应流流动进行大涡模拟的研究。采用区域法生成模型加力燃烧室的二维贴体网格,并采用多区域耦合法进行区域之间的数据传递,求解加力室整体流场。采用k方程亚网格尺度模型和亚网格EBU燃烧模型分别估算其亚网格紊流粘性和化学反应速率,用热通量辐射模型估算辐射通量,并用交错网格下SIMPLE算法和混合差分格式求解离散方程,壁面函数处理固壁边界条件。计算结果显示了稳定器后面的回流区气流结构,所得的热态流场模拟结果与实验比较吻合,表明采用贴体网格对模型加力燃烧室进行大涡模拟能真实反映流体流动及燃烧过程。     

水斗非定常自由水膜流三维贴体数值模拟

本研究采用水斗三维非正交贴体坐标系进行了非定常自由水膜流动的数值解析。对不规则水斗内表面采用三维非正交贴体坐标系下离散点进行拟合,推导了曲面离散点的法向矢量和曲面微元面高斯曲率、平均曲率等几何特征量的计算公式,进而导出流体粒子在运动方向上曲率计算式。在水斗三维贴体坐标系中,还推导了流体粒子在水斗曲面上的运动控制方程。最后对某水轮机水斗内表面非定常自由水膜流进行了数值模拟,得到其非定常水膜流态分布。     

壁面渗透燃烧微燃烧器结构参数优化实验研究

针对一种圆柱多孔壁面组织渗透燃烧微尺度燃烧器,本文在甲烷/空气不同燃料当量比和混合气流量下,对比实验了关键参数燃烧室内径(d)和燃烧室高度(h)变化对燃烧器性能的影响.结果表明随燃烧室内径减小,吹熄极限速度显著下降,烟气平均温度升高,同时壁面温度下降;燃烧室高度减小,可燃烧极限当量比和淬熄极限速度均增大;在高径比h/d接近1时,烟气平均温度最高,壁面最高温度不变,大流量下壁面温度降低更快.因此,当缩小壁面渗透微燃烧器时,为防止燃烧效率降低和热损失增加,应优先缩小内径并保持高径比接近1.0.     

四角切圆炉膛三维温度分布优化控制建模研究

炉膛燃烧三维温度分布可视化技术为实现炉内燃烧三维温度分布优化控制奠定了基础。本文采用数值计算的方法建立了炉内不同高度特征截面平均温度及相应的温度中心坐标作为中间被控变量,以各层各角燃烧器燃料量及一次风、二次风量等参数为输入变量的线性模型。检验结果表明该模型能正确反映输入变量的变化对炉内温度分布的影响,为采用自适应遗传算法实施燃烧优化控制创造了条件。     

Performance of a PIV system for a combusting flow and its application to a spray combustor model

The performance of PIV system for combusting flow was evaluated by using artificial images generated from computer graphics and experimental data. The influences of shutter speed, filter, laser power and the PIV algorithms on the measurement uncertainty were studied for optimizing the performance of the PIV system. This system was applied to the spray combustor model for boiler, and the flow patterns with and without combustion were elucidated. Results showed that the burner flow generates complex three-dimensional flow pattern, which contributes to highly mixed fuel flow in the combustor. Although the flow pattern with and without combustion is similar, the growth of burner flow area and an increase in velocity magnitude are found in the flow field by the influence of chemical reactions in combustion.     

新型燃煤锅炉燃烧过程稳定性评价指数CSI

本文简要分析了现有燃烧稳定性评价方法不具有通用性的原因，然后提出了基于BIBO稳定性理论的新型燃煤钢炉燃烧过程稳定性评价指数CSI，该指数用稳定燃烧过程能够克服的最大燃料扰动率来定量。燃烧过程动态模拟分析和试验测试结果初步验证了CSI指数的有效性。可望在此基础上建立一种全面的评价电站燃煤锅炉燃烧过程相对稳定性的理论体系。     

ITER屏蔽包层屏蔽块热工水力分析

通过ANSYS CFX对ITER屏蔽块进行了热工水力分析,对同一计算模型给出了两套不同的网格,分析了网格对计算精度的影响,结果表明两套网格都有较好的计算精度。通过数值模拟分析了壁面粗糙度对流动及传热的影响,结果表明壁面粗糙度是影响传热的一个非常重要的因素。     

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通过ANSYS CFX对ITER屏蔽块进行了热工水力分析,对同一计算模型给出了两套不同的网格,分析了网格对计算精度的影响,结果表明两套网格都有较好的计算精度。通过数值模拟分析了壁面粗糙度对流动及传热的影响,结果表明壁面粗糙度是影响传热的一个非常重要的因素。     

A CFD assisted control system design with applications to NO x control in a FGR furnace

In this paper, a novel technique to design control systems for industrial processes with non-linear distributed parameters is proposed. The technique utilizes computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation to extract the most essential characteristics from the non-linear industrial process, and then represent them as a set of linear dynamic models around a specific operating point. Based on the linear dynamic representation, a closed-loop feedback linear control system can be designed to maintain the desired performance for the system around the chosen operating point. To illustrate such a design process, an industrial reheating furnace with flue gas recirculation (FGR) is selected herein. The method involves the numerical solution of the partial differential equations describing the fluid flow, heat transfer and combustion process in the furnace. The resulting dynamic relations between the furnace inputs and outputs can then be represented in terms of a multi-input and multi-output transfer function matrix. The objective of the control system is then to maintain the optimally selected furnace operating conditions and compensate for any deviations caused by disturbances to minimize the nitric oxides (NO _x ) emission through feedback mechanisms. The performance of the closed-loop controlled furnace is evaluated not only in the linear domain, but also with the detailed full-scale non-linear CFD model. The results have shown that the proposed method is viable and the designed control system can indeed minimize the deviation of the furnace from the desired operating conditions and hence to prevent any excessive NO _x formation in the combustion process.     

气体回流区分级着火试验研究

就回流区分级着火燃烧方式在气体燃料燃烧上的应用进行了一系列冷热态模拟试验和工业试验研究．比较了直流、钝体和开缝钝体喷口的出口速度、温度分布，以及在不同气体燃料热值时的稳焰能力。试验表明，开缝钝体喷口中缝小股射流进入喷口后低速回流区能稳定着火，进一步点燃主流，有效地形成回流区分级着火；开维钝体喷口的稳焰能力最强，特别适合低热值煤气燃烧。在大容量锅炉上进行了低热值高炉煤气燃烧的改造性工业试验，试验证明，开缝钝体燃烧器强化了低热值煤气的燃烧，有效地解决了锅炉煤气段燃烧强度不足以至锅炉尾部超温问题。     

Mathematical modelling of physical and chemical processes of coal combustion in chamber furnaces of boiler aggregates based on the package of applied programs FIRE 3D

The furnace processes of the combustion of poly-fraction high-ashes Ekibastuz coal in the furnace chamber of the boiler aggregate PK-39 and of the combustion of highly humid brown Berezov’s coal in the furnace of the BKZ-210-140 boiler are investigated by mathematical modeling using the package of applied programs FIRE 3D [1–3]. Results of the numerical modeling of the processes of aerodynamics, heat exchange, and combustion in the furnace volume and their comparison with the results of nature tests are presented.     

Study of flow structure in a four-vortex furnace model

The flow pattern was studied for a four-vortex furnace of a coal-dust boiler. The paper presents results of experimental study of inner aerodynamics performed on a lab-scale isothermal model of the furnace device. The PIV method was used to receive the flow velocity fields for several cross sections. The analysis was performed for the spatial structure of the flow comprising four stable closed vortices with vertical axes of flow swirling.     

PIV measurement of velocity field in a spray combustor

This paper reports a velocity measurement technique using PIV for application to a luminous flame in a spray combustor. The present system consists of a standard PIV system, a rotary shutter and a band-pass filter, the combination of which removes the influence of the high intensity of the luminous flame. The effectiveness of the rotary shutter is studied by changing the shutter speed from 2 ms to 37 ms. The simultaneous observation of the velocity field and the flame structure was carried out in the combustor model for a boiler. The measured velocity field indicates that the exit velocity from the burner is increased by chemical reactions, but the flow pattern inside the combustor is kept similar to that without combustion.