Sensitive Synchronous Spectrofluorimetric Study of Certain Sunscreens Using Fluorescence Enhancers in Cosmeceutical Formulations

Synchronous spectrofluorimetric methods could be successfully adopted for simultaneous determination of Octinoxate (OMC), Avobenzone (AVO), Octyltriazone (OT), and Phenyl benzimidazole sulfonic acid (PBSA) in moisturizing sunscreen lotion, utilizing β-CD as fluorescence enhancer, and determination of Avobenzone (AVO), Homosalate, Tinosorb M and Phenyl benzimidazole sulfonic acid (PBSA) in presence of Octocrylene (OCR) in whitening sunscreen cream, using micellar medium of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) to enhance fluorescence intensity. For first product, zero order synchronous spectrofluorimetric method was used for determination of OMC and AVO, and derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetric technique was utilized for OT and PBSA in quaternary mixture. Linear calibration curves were obtained in a concentration range of 0.5–8 μg mL^??1 for OMC and AVO, and in range of 0.05–3 μg mL^??1 for OT and 0.001–5 μg mL^??1 for PBSA, by measuring the fluorescence at 370, 405, 333.2 and 340.6 nm, respectively. For second product, first derivative synchronous fluorescence method was used for each UV-filter. A linear calibration curves were obtained in a concentration range of 0.5–8 μg mL^??1 for AVO, in range of 0.1–8 μg mL^??1 for Homosalate, 2–10 μg mL^??1 for Tinosorb M and 0.001–5 μg mL^??1 for PBSA, by measuring the fluorescence at 409.8, 373, 307.2 and 316.8 nm, respectively. The detection limits are well below the maximum admissible concentration. The proposed methods were validated according to ICH guidelines and successfully applied to determine sunscreens in pure form and in Cosmeceutical formulations. All the results obtained were compared with those of published methods, where no significant difference was observed.     

二阶导数同步荧光光谱测定卷烟主流烟气中的苯并(a)芘

研究了卷烟主流烟气粒相物中苯并(a)芘(BaP)的同步荧光及其一阶和二阶导数光谱, 发现二阶导数同步光谱可明显减少背景及BaP同系物对BaP测定的干扰。据此建立了一种固相萃取-二阶导数同步荧光光谱法测定卷烟主流烟气粒相物中BaP的新方法。方法检测限为0.2 ng·mL-1,平均回收率为80.2%～86.2%,相对标准偏差为2.64%～3.02%。     

导数恒能量同步荧光法快速同时分析芴、咔唑、苯并[a]芘和苝

建立了芴、咔唑、苯并[a]芘和苝四组分同时测定的导数恒能量同步荧光分析法,并对其优越性进行了比较说明.该法简便快速,无需对混合物进行分离,只需一次扫描,就可实现这四组分的同时鉴别和定量测定.将该方法应用于河水样、自来水样和大气飘尘样的分析,取得了良好的效果,回收率分别为90.0%～108.0%,90.0%～104.0%和90.0%～102.0%.     

Determination of Nickel(II) by CTAB Sensitized Fluorescence Quenching Method of the Derivatives of Calix[4]arene

The fluorescence quenching effect of Ni(2+) on the derivatives of p-tert- butyl-calix[4]arene with o-phenanthroline(TBCP) was studied in cetyltrimethyl- ammonium bromide (CTAB) medium. Ni(2+) reacted with the TBCP to form inclusion complex. The fluorescence quenching was sensitized in CTAB. The linear range of calibration curve for the determination of Ni(2+) was 0.050 μg/mL ~ 1.00 μg/mL. The detection limit estimated (S/N?=?3) was 5.3 ng/mL. It has been applied for the determination of Ni(II) in samples with satisfactory results.     

Highly Sensitive Synchronous Fluorescence Measurement of Danofloxacin in Pharmaceutical and Milk Samples Using Aluminium (III) Enhanced Fluorescence

A simple, rapid and sensitive constant wavelength synchronous fluorescence method is developed for the determination of danofloxacin (DAN) in pharmaceutical formulations and its residue in milk based on Al(III) enhanced fluorescence. The synchronous fluorescence intensity of the system is measured at 435?nm using ? λ?=?80?nm and an excitation wavelength of 280?nm. A good linear relationship between enhanced fluorescence intensity and DAN concentration is obtained in the range of 3-100?ng?mL(-1)(r (2)?=?0.9991). The limit of detection (LOD, S/N?=?3) of the present method is 0.9?ng?mL(-1). The proposed method can be successfully applied to the determination of DAN in pharmaceutical formulations and in milk without serious interferences from common excipients, metal ions and other co-existing substances. The method can be used as a rapid screening to judge whether the DAN residues in milk exceed Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) or not.     

Fluorescence Anisotropy Studies on Bodipy (Pyrromethene 546) Dye as a Novel Thermal Probe

Journal of Fluorescence - In the present work, fluorescence anisotropy studies of BODIPY (pyrromethene 546 or C14H17BF2N2) dye have been performed and found that it has a potential to be used as a...     

高铁酸钾降解苯并[a]芘的偏振三维荧光(PEEM)研究

偏振三维荧光(PEEM)结合了偏振技术和三维荧光(EEM)的优点, 对于完整获取分子荧光特性能提供重要信息, 具有更高的选择性、 准确性及灵敏度。运用PEEM进一步探讨了高铁酸钾对苯并[a]芘的降解过程, 并分别从该降解体系反应过程中的偏振度和PEEM特征变化, 深入揭示了高铁酸钾对苯并[a]芘的降解规律. 结果显示, t=15 s, 苯并[a]芘的降解率约60%, t=40 s,降解率达90%. 偏振度(P)更清晰反映了苯并[a]芘的难降解特性. 通过对高铁酸钾-苯并[a]芘体系降解的时间偏振曲线拟合, 获得了一级反应动力学方程: y=0.277x-0.004(r=-93.90%)。以上研究结果与前期研究中应用EEM所获得的结果一致, 为研究高铁酸钾降解其他污染物反应过程, 机理提供了十分有益的方法选择的参考。     

Spectrofluorimetric Determination of 3-hidroxy-2-naphthoic Acid by Use of Its Ternary Complex with Zirconium (IV) and Beta-Cyclodextrin: Application to Determination in River Water

A spectrofluorimetric method has been developed for the determination of 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (3H2NA) by formation of a ternary complex with zirconium (IV) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). It has been observed that the fluorescence intensity of 3H2NA is greatly enhanced when the ternary complex is formed and is accompanied with shifts in the excitation and emission wavelengths. The conditions for the formation of the ternary complex have been optimized and the stoichiometry has been calculated, resulting a 1:2:1 complex (3H2NA:Zr: β-CD). The linear range was 20–2000 ng mL⁻¹ and the detection and quantification limits calculated were 17 and 58 ng mL⁻¹, respectively. The proposed method was applied to the determination of 3H2NA in river water. To eliminate interferences an off-line solid phase extraction (SPE) procedure using C18 cartridges was used. The extraction procedure was optimized and good recoveries were obtained (around 100%) with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of less than 5%.     

脉冲电场与牛血清白蛋白相互作用的同步荧光光谱和拉曼光谱比较研究

应用同步荧光光谱和拉曼光谱研究了脉冲电场与牛血清白蛋白的相互作用。同步荧光光谱研究表明,脉冲电场对牛血清白蛋白的发射荧光光谱强度产生影响,降低了处于其活性部位的色氨酸和酪氨酸残基的发射荧光强度。拉曼光谱进一步验证了这种实验结果。两种实验表明：脉冲电场改变了处于牛血清白蛋白活性中心的芳香族氨基酸所处的微环境,进而表明了蛋白质的构象发生了变化,从而影响它的生物学功能。     

探针3-(2-氰基乙基)胞嘧啶同步荧光法测定血清中蛋白质

在模拟人体生理条件下,基于3-(2-氰基乙基)胞嘧啶(CECT)与人血清白蛋白(HSA)和牛血清白蛋白(BSA)之间的相互作用,以CECT为分子光谱探针研究了CECT-蛋白质体系的同步荧光光谱特征。同步荧光光谱特征及强度与Δλ值、反应介质、反应温度等因素有关。在此基础上,建立了以CECT为分子光谱探针定量测定血清样品中蛋白质含量的新方法。在最佳实验条件下,CECT-HSA和CECT-BSA体系的同步荧光强度分别在0～441.4和0～351.0 μg·mL-1的浓度范围内与蛋白质浓度呈现良好的线性关系, 检测限分别为0.023和0.035 μg·mL-1,相对标准偏差(RSD)1.2%～3.3%, 加标回收率为97.2%～100.4%。该方法具有简单、快速、灵敏度较高、线性范围宽、精密度和回收率较好等优点。该法可直接用于血清样品中蛋白质总量的测定,结果令人满意。     

二(2-苯基-8-羟基喹啉)锌和喹啉锌的合成和荧光性质

合成了一种新型二(2-苯基-8-羟基喹啉)锌配合物。利用元素分析、红外吸收光谱等方法表征了结构,并对比研究了二(2-苯基-8-羟基喹啉)锌和喹啉锌的荧光性质,前者的激发光谱在465nm处出现了较强的吸收,并且发射峰位置发生了明显的红移,由喹啉锌的495nm移至2-苯基-8-羟基喹啉锌和喹啉锌的521nm处。对有关的吸收峰的归属进行了讨论,初步认为苯环的取代增加了有机配体π-π键的共轭程度,使HOMO-LUMO之间能隙变小,引起发射峰红移。     

Spectrofluorimetric Determination of Topiramate and Levetiracetam as Single Components in Tablet Formulations and in Human Plasma and Simultaneous Fourth Derivative Synchronous Fluorescence Determination of their Co-Adminstered Mixture in Human Plasma

Two highly sensitive, rapid, simple, economic and validated spectrofluorimetric methods have been developed for determination of Topiramate and Levetiracetam in pharmaceutical tablets and in human plasma. Topiramate and Levetiracetam were determined separately by derivatization using 4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzofuran-2-oxo-1,3-diazole (NBD-Cl) and measured spectrofluorimetrically. The Relative fluorescence intensities were measured at λ_em/_ex of 547/465 nm and 551/465 nm for Topiramate and Levetiracetam, respectively. While a binary mixture of Topiramate and Levetiracetam were determined by the fourth derivative synchronous fluorescence measurement after their reaction with NBD-Cl. In this method, the fourth derivative synchronous spectra were estimated as peak to peak measurement at 493–497 and 490.5–495 nm corresponding with zero-contribution of Levetiracetam and Topiramate, respectively. Linearity ranges for Topiramate and Levetiracetam in both methods were found to be 0.15–1.2 and 0.2–1.5 μg/mL, respectively. The different experimental parameters affecting the fluorescence of the two drugs were carefully studied and optimized. The proposed methods were validated in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, limits of detection and quantification and other aspects of analytical validation. The proposed methods were successfully applied for the determination of the investigated drugs in human plasma samples obtained from healthy volunteers after single oral administration of the two drugs.     

Comparative Study of Novel Fluorescent Cyanine Nucleotides: Hybridization Analysis of Labeled PCR Products Using a Biochip

This study investigated the synthesis and substrate properties of Cy5-labeled dUTP derivatives with different substituents, linkers between the dye unit and pyrimidine heterocycle and fluorophore charges. Fluorescently labeled nucleoside triphosphates were studied as substrates using multiplex PCR with Taq and Vent (exo-) DNA polymerases, the typical representatives of the A and B polymerase families. The efficiency of nucleotide incorporation during PCR was assessed with a multi-parameter hybridization analysis using a diagnostic DNA microarray. The hybridization analysis indirectly estimates the incorporation efficiency of dye-labeled nucleotides in multiplex PCR. Our results demonstrated higher efficiencies of substrates with electrically neutral dyes than electropositive and electronegative Cy5 residues.     

苯并（a）Bei的同步荧光法测定条件研究

本文研究了题述方法的测定条件，并引入系统校正以消除同系物苯并（ｋ）荧蒽对苯并（ａ）Ｂｅｉ（ＢａＰ）的测定干扰，在其他文献中未见报道，此法较现行的普通荧光窄基线法测定操作简便快速，实样测定结果满意。     

Synchronous Fluorescence as a Green and Selective Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Cetirizine and Azelastine in Aqueous Humor

A green, simple, quick and economical method is implemented for the first time for the simultaneous estimation of cetirizine (CTZ) and azelastine (AZE) as co-administered eye drops. The method relies on synchronous spectrofluorimetry with ?λ?=?60 nm. Cetirizine can be estimated at 231 nm and AZE can be measured at 294 nm, each at the other’s zero crossing point. All factors affecting the method were studied and properly optimized. Good correlation was obtained in the range of 0.1–2 µg mL^?1 for both drugs. The limits of detection were 0.014 and 0.010 µg mL^?1 and limits of quantitation were 0.043 and 0.029 µg mL^?1 for CTZ and AZE, respectively. Moreover, ICH guidelines were carried out to validate the adopted method. The method was suitable for the analysis of CTZ and AZE in synthetic mixtures, eye drops and aqueous humor. The mean percentage of recoveries of CTZ and AZE in spiked aqueous humor were 99.83 and 99.37, respectively. Furthermore, Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI) and analytical Eco-scale approaches were used to evaluate the greenness of the suggested method.

     

Syntheses and Fluorescence Properties of Two Novel Lanthanide (III) Perchlorate Complexes with Bis(benzylsulfinyl)methane

A novel ligand with double sulfinyl groups, bis(benzylsulfinyl)methane, was synthesized by a new method and its two lanthanide (III) complexes were synthesized and characterized by element analysis, molar conductivity, coordination titration analysis, IR, TG-DSC, ¹HNMR and UV spectra. The results indicated that the composition of these complexes was REL_2.5(ClO₄)₃·3H₂O (RE = Tb (III), Dy (III), L = C₆H₅CH₂SOCH₂SOCH₂C₆H₅). The FT-IR results revealed that the perchlorate group was bonded with the lanthanide ion by the oxygen atoms, and the coordination was bidentate. The fluorescent spectra illustrated that both the Tb (III) and Dy (III) complexes displayed characteristic fluorescence in solid state, especially for the Tb (III) complex, the peak of ⁵D₄ → ⁷ F₅ of the Tb (III) ion in 544 nm was stronger than that of others. It indicated that the Tb (III) complex could emit purer green fluorescence. By analysis fluorescence and phosphorescence spectra, it was found that the ligand had the advantage to absorb energy and transfer it to the Tb (III) and Dy (III) ions. The phosphorescence spectra and fluorescence lifetimes of the complexes were also measured.     

荧光光谱法研究对-二甲氨甲基-杯[8]芳烃与DNA相互作用

首次采用阿霉素作荧光探针研究了水溶性对-二甲氨甲基-杯[8]芳烃(简称杯[8]胺或CX8)与小牛胸腺DNA相互作用,并考察了溶液的pH值、离子强度及解链DNA对DNA和杯[8]胺相互作用的影响。实验发现,DNA能猝灭阿霉素的荧光,向该体系中加入杯[8]胺时荧光又逐渐增强,这说明杯[8]胺能与DNA的磷氧负离子强烈作用。通过Scatchard图等进一步分析发现,杯[8]胺对DNA-阿霉素的影响表现为混合模式,一方面,在中性或酸性的条件下,杯[8]胺能中和DNA上的磷氧负离子,导致DNA收缩,从而影响DNA的构象,使嵌入的阿霉素从DNA中部分游离出来,荧光增强;另一方面,杯[8]胺与阿霉素也存在静电位点竞争。     

Pyrene Fluorescence as a Probe for the Monitoring of Polymerization Processes: Simultaneous DSC and Fluorescence Study

The polymerization of cyclohexylmethacrylate was monitored, over a wide temperature range, by simultaneous differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and fluorimetry (FL); the equipment for both being optically coupled. Pyrene was used as a fluorescent probe. There was excellent agreement between the exothermic peak time obtained by DSC and the time at which the maximum gradient was obtained in the fluorescence intensity–time curves, but only for temperatures above 60°C, Activation energies for the gel effect onset were obtained for both, the conversion–time and intensity–time curves being concordant except for data at low temperatures, below 60°C. It was concluded that vitrification occurs at temperatures below 60°C and its presence was demonstrated by fluorimetry, by means of the conversion change associated with the fluorescence intensity jump_(off-on).     

General Relativity as a (Constrained) Yang-Mills Theory and a Novel Gravity with Torsion

We show that General Relativity (GR) with cosmological constant may be formulated as a rather simple constrained SO(D – 1, 2) (or SO(D, 1))-Yang-Mills (YM) theory. Furthermore, the spin connections of the Cartan-Einstein formulation for GR appear as solutions of a genuine SO(D – 1,1)-YM. We also present a theory of gravity with torsion as the most natural extension of this result. The theory comes out to be strictly an YM-theory upon relaxation of a suitable constraint. This work sets out to enforce the close connection between YM theories and GR by means of an alternative construction.