基于环糊精包结络合作用的大分子自组装

本文综述了基于环糊精包结络合作用的大分子自组装的研究进展,包括：（1) 线型、梳型、多臂星型或超支化聚合物与环糊精或其二聚体自组装形成多聚轮烷（分子项链）、多聚准轮烷、双多聚（准）轮烷、分子管、双分子管、超分子凝胶及其应用;（2）桥联环糊精与桥联客体分子自组装制备线型或超支化超分子聚合物;（3）温度、pH值、光及客体分子刺激响应智能体系; （4) 通过亲水性的环糊精线型均聚物与含金刚烷的疏水性聚合物之间的包结络合作用来制备高分子胶束及其空心球等。     

环糊精包合作用诱导聚合物自组装的研究进展

将主客体识别与聚合物自组装相结合,利用环糊精对聚合物的包合作用在溶液中诱导聚合物组装形成结构可控的纳米粒子,形成有别于基于环糊精/聚合物包合作用形成的结晶粉末和超分子水凝胶的新型材料.本文介绍了这种诱导组装方案的研究背景及最新的研究成果,综述了诱导组装的原理、特点及影响因素.研究表明,由这种方案制备的聚合物纳米粒子具有超分子动态可逆的特征,进而显示出对温度和pH等敏感的性质.该类环糊精包合作用诱导组装的聚合物超分子聚集体在生物医学材料方面具有潜在的应用价值,如用作药物和基因的可控传递释放载体.     

环糊精超分子水凝胶*

本文综述了近年来基于环糊精包合作用的超分子水凝胶的研究进展,主要包括：环糊精与线性、星型、接枝、超支化聚合物包合形成的多聚(准)轮烷自组装制备超分子物理凝胶及功能化多聚(准)轮烷经交联反应制备超分子化学凝胶;环糊精、环糊精二聚体及其水溶性聚合物与带疏水性侧基的聚合物经“锁-钥匙”包合作用形成超分子物理凝胶;及其在药物、基因释放载体与组织工程支架中的应用。着重介绍了剪切、温度、pH值、光等刺激-响应性超分子水凝胶的设计与制备。     

“线性-超支化”超分子聚合物的制备及光响应性自组装行为研究

报道了一种"线性-超支化"超分子聚合物的制备、自组装及其光响应性解组装过程.分别通过可控阴离子开环聚合(ROMBP)和原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)的方法,制备了以β-环糊精为中心的超支化聚缩水甘油醚(CD-g-HPG)和一端带有偶氮苯基团的线性聚苯乙烯(AZO-PS).两者通过β-环糊精和偶氮苯基团之间的主客体识别作用形成"线性-超支化"超分子聚合物PS-b-HPG.该聚合物可以在水中自组装形成囊泡结构.通过紫外滴定法表征了CD-g-HPG和AZO-PS之间的主客体复合能力,通过SEM和TEM表征了组装体的形貌.最后基于偶氮苯在紫外光照射下发生顺反异构化的性质,用紫外光照射组装体成功实现了组装体的解组装.     

环糊精-聚合物超分子材料的研究进展

环糊精是由若干D-吡喃葡萄糖单元环状排列而成的圆锥状筒形分子,具有中空内孔结构.研究表明:当长链高分子的分子尺寸与环糊精内径相匹配时,高分子可作为客体分子串入环糊精的中空内孔中自聚集成为一种独特的超分子包结物.本文从环糊精的结构性质、环糊精-聚合物超分子的复合机理、客体聚合物的种类、以及复合物的应用领域四个方面全面综述了近年来有关环糊精和高聚物包结物的相关研究现状.并在最后展望了环糊精-聚合物超分子未来的发展方向.     

基于超分子环糊精两亲分子的敏感型囊泡体系

敏感型囊泡可初步概括为由两亲分子通过非共价键构筑的、对外界的刺激具有特色响应性的一类新型囊泡体系。由"超分子环糊精两亲分子"自组装形成的囊泡体系是该类体系中重要的一类。本文重点介绍了环糊精参与的"超分子环糊精两亲分子"囊泡体系的研究进展。以与环糊精复合的化合物结构类型不同进行分类,介绍了该类囊泡体系的制备以及该体系在医药工程、新型"智能"材料以及生物模拟等方面的潜在应用;结合现阶段的研究状况,对该类囊泡体系的发展前景进行了展望。     

超分子拓扑高分子：合成、组装及功能

超分子拓扑高分子结合了非共价键的动态可逆特性和共价型拓扑高分子的结构特点,是一种具有广泛应用前景的高分子物种.本文从超分子拓扑高分子的合成、组装及功能等三个方面综述了该领域的最新研究进展.首先重点强调了利用直接或间接方法来构筑超支化、树枝状、星形、刷形、交联型和环形等超分子拓扑高分子的策略,其次从内部结构参数和外部环境响应两方面介绍了调控超分子自组装行为的主要方法,然后对其在生物医用材料、光电活性材料以及自修复材料等领域的潜在应用进行了较为全面的总结,最后指出了超分子拓扑高分子研究领域目前存在的关键问题和重要挑战.     

基于主客体作用构筑的聚集诱导发光型超分子组装体 在生物医用领域的研究进展

主客体相互作用是超分子自组装过程中最重要的作用方式之一,常被用于构建多功能超分子材料.基于主客体相互作用,利用具有聚集诱导发光性质的大环主体分子或客体分子作为自组装基元,构筑具有聚集诱导发光效应的超分子体系,并将其应用于药物递送、细胞成像、生物传感等生物领域,已成为超分子化学的研究热点.从超分子组装体的发光效应分别源于主体分子和客体分子两方面,介绍了近五年来以环糊精、杯芳烃、葫芦脲、柱芳烃及其它大环为主体化合物,基于主客体作用构筑的聚集诱导发光超分子组装体,并对其在生物医用领域的研究进展进行了简要综述.     

化学工业出版社化学专业图书推荐

环湖精构筑超分子体系基础及应用本书在概述环糊精发展历史、现状以及发展前景的基础上,结合国内外超分子化学的最新研究成果,详细介绍了以环糊精为主体的包结物制备、分子识别与组装等内容,重点闸述了环糊精与光引发剂的包结作用及包结物的性质、环糊精与蔬水单体的复合及其在聚合反应中的作用、基于环糊精的智能水凝胶的构筑、环糊精及其衍生物的分子门聚集与门组装等内容。本书图文并茂,使知识性和新颖性相结合。书号:978-7-122-20226-0定价:68.0元出版时间:2014年8月     

超分子和高分子自组装的动力学模拟研究

超分子和高分子的自组装是发展新型高性能材料的有力手段.通过自组装构筑多级有序结构,从而显著提高材料的力学、光学或电学性能,是化学和材料科学研究的前沿.然而精确调控自组装需要深入理解范德华、氢键、静电、主客体复合和π-π等相互作用以及动力学机理所扮演的角色.计算机模拟,尤其是分子动力学模拟,为研究自组装结构和演化过程提供了独一无二的手段.本文主要阐述超分子和高分子的多尺度模型和动力学模拟方法,讨论不同模拟方法的特点、适用范围和优势;进一步简述我们发展的定制模型和方法,以及同时提高模型精度和计算效率方面采取的策略.通过总结应用这些方法对超分子和高分子自组装开展的研究工作所取得的进展,为进一步发展自组装动力学模拟方法提供参考.     

基于主客体识别作用的光控智能超分子体系的研究进展

利用主客体识别作用赋予材料智能化是目前智能材料研究的一个新方向.通过光可以使客体分子发生可逆的结构改变,如偶氮苯可逆的光致顺反异构,结合环糊精主体分子和客体分子之间可逆形成包结物的能力,可以利用光来设计光控的智能超分子体系.基于上述环糊精和客体分子之间的光控制的主客体识别作用,本文从有机小分子、聚合物和表面三个方面综述了近年来基于主客体识别作用的光控智能超分子体系的研究工作,并对该领域的研究前景进行了展望.     

Supramolecular Proteoglycan Aggregate Mimics: Cyclodextrin‐Assisted Biodegradable Polymer Assemblies for Electrostatic‐Driven Drug Delivery

Self‐assembled, noncovalent polymeric biodegradable materials mimicking proteoglycan aggregates were synthesized from inclusion complexes of cationic surfactants with γ‐cyclodextrin and the natural anionic polymer hyaluronan. The amorphous structure of this ternary system was proven by X‐ray diffraction and thermal analysis. Light‐scattering measurements showed that there was a competition between hyaluronic acid and the surfactant for the cyclodextrin cavity. These self‐assembled supramolecular matrices were loaded with both hydrophilic and lipophilic drug substances for dissolution studies. The release of the entrapped drugs was found to be controlled by cations in the surrounding media and by biodegradation. Slow drug release in an ion‐free medium became faster in physiological salt solution in which the macroscopic polymer matrix was disassembled. In contrast, the enzymatic degradation of hyaluronan was hindered in the polymeric matrix. The supramolecular systems consisting of γ‐cyclodextrin as a macrocyclic host, a cationic surfactant guest, and hyaluronic acid as the anionic polymer electrostatically cross‐linked by the inclusion complex of the first two was found to be a novel drug‐delivery system for the controlled release of traditional drugs such as curcumin and ketotifen and proteins such as bovine serum albumin.     

Competitive photoinduced electron transfer by the complex formation of porphyrin with cyclodextrin bearing viologen

Photoinduced electron transfer between a porphyrin and a new guest cyclodextrin bearing viologen occurs by a supramolecular formation with conformational change of a guest molecule.     

Synthesis and self‐assembly behavior study of α,ω‐dicarboxyl‐poly(ethylene glycol)–permethyl‐6‐amino‐6‐deoxy‐β‐cyclodextrin‐monoamide: A new β‐cyclodextrin conjugate

A new type of amphiphilic macromolecule was synthesized through the attachment of a poly(ethylene glycol) chain to a permethyl‐amino‐β‐cyclodextrin ring. The structure of the product was studied with 1D and 2D NMR experiments and with MALDI‐TOF MS. The resulting comet‐shaped molecule showed self‐assembly behavior in polar solvents. The presence of supramolecular structures in aqueous media was detected with dynamic light scattering and proven also by 2D NOESY and DOSY experiments. The supramolecular structures that formed could serve as starting materials for new types of drug delivery bioconjugates containing two independent dopable sites, that is, the cyclodextrin ring and the core of the supramolecular structure. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 5149–5155, 2007     

A Hybrid Supramolecular Polymeric Hydrogel with Rapid Self‐Healing Property

A hybrid supramolecular polymeric hydrogel is conveniently constructed via host–guest interaction of a host cyclodextrin polymer (poly‐CD) with a guest α‐bromonaphthalene polymer (poly‐BrNp) and mixing with 6‐thio‐β‐cyclodextrin (β‐SH‐CD) modified gold nanoparticles (GPCDs) in aqueous solution. According to the dynamic oscillatory data, the hydrogel exhibits markedly enhanced stiffness compared with the GPCD‐free one (both G′ and G“ values are almost twice as high as those of the original GPCD‐free hydrogel) due to the introduction of the inorganic gold nanoparticles. This hybrid supramolecular polymeric hydrogel has a rapid and excellent self‐healing property (only about 1 min, and the G′ and G” of the self‐healed hydrogel almost turned back to their original levels after 1 hour) in air (without adding any solvent or additive).     

A Rapidly Self‐Healing Supramolecular Polymer Hydrogel with Photostimulated Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence Responsiveness

Development of self‐healing and photostimulated luminescent supramolecular polymeric materials is important for artificial soft materials. A supramolecular polymeric hydrogel is reported based on the host–guest recognition between a β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) host polymer (poly‐β‐CD) and an α‐bromonaphthalene (α‐BrNp) polymer (poly‐BrNp) without any additional gelator, which can self‐heal within only about one minute under ambient atmosphere without any additive. This supramolecular polymer system can be excited to engender room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) signals based on the fact that the inclusion of β‐CD macrocycle with α‐BrNp moiety is able to induce RTP emission (CD‐RTP). The RTP signal can be adjusted reversibly by competitive complexation of β‐CD with azobenzene moiety under specific irradiation by introducing another azobenzene guest polymer (poly‐Azo).     

Spatially Controllable DNA Condensation by a Water‐Soluble Supramolecular Hybrid of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes and β‐Cyclodextrin‐Tethered Ruthenium Complexes

A supramolecular hybrid is prepared by the supramolecular surface modification of single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) with cationic β‐cyclodextrin‐tethered ruthenium complexes through a spacer molecule that contains both an adamantane and a pyrene moiety. By employing the supramolecular hybrid, spatially controllable DNA condensation along the SWCNT skeleton is achieved by anchoring cationic ruthenium complexes on the surface. Furthermore, because of the unique physiological properties of SWCNTs, the cationic supramolecular hybrid can be used as a nonviral gene delivery system with the ruthenium complexes as a fluorescent probe to monitor uptake of DNA by cells.     

Self-Assembled Cationic Polypeptide Supramolecular Nanogels for Intracellular DNA Delivery

Supramolecular nanogels are an emerging class of polymer nanocarriers for intracellular delivery, due to their straightforward preparation, biocompatibility, and capability to spontaneously encapsulate biologically active components such as DNA. A completely biodegradable three-component cationic supramolecular nanogel was designed exploiting the multivalent host-guest interaction of cyclodextrin and adamantane attached to a polypeptide backbone. While cyclodextrin was conjugated to linear poly-L-lysine, adamantane was grafted to linear as well as star shaped poly-L-lysine. Size control of nanogels was obtained with the increase in the length of the host and guest polymer. Moreover, smaller nanogels were obtained using the star shaped polymers because of the compact nature of star polymers compared to linear polymers. Nanogels were loaded with anionic model cargoes, pyranine and carboxyfluorescein, and their enzyme responsive release was studied using protease trypsin. Confocal microscopy revealed successful transfection of mammalian HeLa cells and intracellular release of pyranine and plasmid DNA, as quantified using a luciferase assay, showing that supramolecular polypeptide nanogels have significant potential in gene therapy applications.     

Photoactive metallocyclodextrins: sophisticated supramolecular arrays for the construction of light activated miniature devices

The introduction of photoactive metal centres onto cyclodextrin receptors opens up new possibilities for the design of sensors, wires and energy conversion systems. This tutorial review focuses on strategies involving such metallocyclodextrins for the construction of supramolecular arrays with light-activated functions. The assembly procedures for building such arrays are presented, together with the features required for their functions both as sensors for ion or small molecule detection and as wires for photoinduced long-range energy or electron transport. Systems for metal ion sensing are described where the cyclodextrin plays a mediating role in influencing the luminescence properties of an organic probe, responsive to metal binding. Small molecule sensing by the cyclodextrin cavity is realised using luminescent lanthanide or transition metal functionalised cyclodextrins. The light signal of the photoactive metal is switched on or off upon binding an analyte in the cyclodextrin cavity. The metallocyclodextrin systems that function as wires are distinguished by the controlled assembly of transition metal polypyridine and metalloporphyrin units. These units have inherent photoactivity that defines the vectorial direction of energy or electron transfer processes through the wire.