A broadband Ka-band microstrip circulator for integrated millimeter wave systems

A Ka-band microstrip circulator, using ferrite with 4 M=5000 G, have been developed. By optimizing the circulator configuration, broadband n=2 Chebyshev response performance are obtained over 7 GHz bandwidth. The circulator have isolation of greater than 15 dB, and insertion loss of less than 1.0 dB.     

94 GHz phase-shift-keying modulator

This paper describes a kind of low insertion loss phase-shift-keying modulators used in 94GHz digital communications systems. A BPSK modulator with a insertion loss lower than 3.8dB has been achieved by connecting a circulator and a fin-line PIN diode phase shifter in series. The bandwidth is 2.5GHz given a phase error of ±5⁰. The circuits and experimental results are also given out.     

Analysis and design of a new type NRD-guide E-plane Y-junction circulator

A new type of E-plane Y-junction circulator has been developed based on the nonradiative dielectric waveguide (NRD-guide) in Ka- band. First, the circulation principle has been analysed by the theory of polarization wave. The field components in the nonreciprocal Y-junction zone and the conclusion of 60° phase difference between clockwise and counterclockwise rotating polarization modes has been obtained. And then, the resonant frequency of the non-dc biased triangle ferrite sample has also been calculated. This kind of structure is benefit to enlarge the bandwidth of the Y-junction circulator. As an example, we had designed and fabricated a circulator in Ka-band. Its operating frequency is 35. 1GHz, the 1.5dB insertion loss and 20dB isolation bandwidth is about 1. 0GHz.     

Switchable dual-wavelength polarization-maintaining erbium-doped fiber laser using an optical circulator as the all-reflecting mirror

A simple and effective switchable dual-wavelength polarization-maintaining erbium-doped fiber laser is proposed and demonstrated. Only using a uniform fiber Bragg grating written directly in a segment of the photosensitive and polarization-maintaining erbium-doped fiber as the wavelength selector and an optical circulator as the all-reflecting mirror, a stable simultaneous dual-wavelength oscillation is achieved with a wavelength spacing of 0.364 nm experimentally by exploiting the polarization hole burning effect at room temperature. The output can be switched between single- and dual-wavelength by adjusting the polarization controller. The 3-dB bandwidth and the side mode suppression ratio of the laser’s outputs are measured to be less than 0.01 nm and more than 50 dB. The power fluctuation and wavelength drift are measured to be less than 0.50 dB and 0.020 nm over an hour.     

Q-band injection-locked gunn diode oscillator

The configuration and performance of a Q-band injection-locked Gunn oscillator are presented whose outport is connected with a phase-locked reference source by a circulator. The output power of the oscillator is more than 60mW at 46.1GHz. The single-sideband phase noise (SSB) is less than-71.7dBc/Hz offset 10KHz from the carrier, and the spectrum of clutter signal is less than -40dB.     

A 300 GHz quasioptical faraday rotation isolator

A quasioptical isolator has been developed at 285 GHz with insertion loss2 dB and isolation 18 dB over a 1% bandwidth. By improving matching techniques, the device should perform as well over bandwidths up to 5%. This design can be easily modified to make a circulator.     

Design and simulation of self-biased circulators in the ultra high frequency band

Theoretical models were developed to design self-biased Y-junction circulators operating at ultra high frequency (UHF). The proposed circulator designs consist of insulating nanowires of yttrium iron garnet (YIG) embedded in high permittivity barium-strontium titanate (BSTO) substrates. A design with as many as 10⁵ or greater wires may be considered in its entirety to determine the electromagnetic scattering S-parameters of a circulator design, thus helping to mitigate the computational limitations of the available finite element method (FEM) tools. The approach seeks to represent the nanowires and the BSTO substrate by an equivalent medium with effective properties inclusive of the average saturation magnetization, dynamic demagnetizing fields, and permittivity. The effective medium approach was validated in comparison with the FEM models. Using the proposed approach, a self-biased junction circulator consisting of YIG nanowires embedded in a BSTO substrate was designed and simulated in which the center frequency insertion loss was calculated to be as low as 0.16 dB with isolation of −42.3 dB at 1 GHz. The 20 dB bandwidth was calculated to be 50 MHz. These results suggest that practical self-biased circulators at the UHF band are feasible.     

H-plane cross-shaped waveguide circulator in magneto-photonic crystals with five ferrite posts

A novel H-plane cross-shaped circulator based on magneto-photonic crystals is experimentally investigated.The band gap of the TE mode for the photonic crystals is calculated by the plane wave expansion method.The transmission characteristics of the circulator are simulated by the finite element method.We perform the experiments in the microwave regime to validate the numerical results.At the central frequency of 10.15 GHz,the measured isolation and insertion loss of the circulator reaches-30.2 and-3.93 d B,respectively.The bandwidth of the circulator is about 550 MHz.The optimal experimental value of isolation is higher than the numerical value.     

一种兼具宽带增益改善和宽带、宽角度低雷达散射截面的微带天线

设计并制备了一种兼具高增益和低雷达散射截面(radar cross section, RCS)的微带天线, 通过给原始微带天线加载双屏频率选择表面(frequency selective surface, FSS)覆层, 使其具有宽带的3 dB增益带宽和宽带、宽角度的低RCS特性. 该FSS单元的上层是四个开口处都焊有电阻的金属环结构, 下层是中间和四边都开缝的金属贴片结构. 上层加载的电阻主要用于吸收雷达入射波, 减缩天线RCS; 下层的贴片和天线地板构成Fabry-Perot谐振腔, 提高天线增益. 在5.75–11.37 GHz频带内, S₂₂<-10 dB, S₁₂<-10 dB; 在11.21–11.54 GHz频带内, S₁₁反射系数相位曲线斜率为正, 幅度模值均在0.86以上. 实验结果表明: 与原始天线相比, 在谐振频点11.73 GHz处, 天线增益提高3.4 dB, E, H面的半功率波束宽度分别减小16°和50°; 天线的3 dB增益带宽为10.00–12.40 GHz, 完全覆盖阻抗带宽. 在4.10–11.30 GHz 频带内, 天线法向RCS均有3 dB以上的减缩, 最大减缩23.08 dB; 4.95 GHz处的单站RCS在-20°–20°的角域、双站RCS 在-37°–37°的角域均有3 dB以上的减缩. 实验结果证实了该FSS覆层可用于同时改善天线的辐射和散射 性能. 关键词： 频率选择表面 低雷达散射截面 高增益 宽带     

Axial ratio improvement of an Archimedean spiral antenna over a radial AMC reflector

This paper presents a method to improve the circular polarization of an Archimedean spiral antenna placed over a radial Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC). Results have been compared with the same radiating element over a more classical AMC reflector. A prototype of an Archimedean two-wire spiral antenna has been built to operate from 0.5?GHz to 6?GHz. Measurement results with this radial AMC give a relative bandwidth of 79?%, in which the broadside RHCP gain is improved. In this bandwidth the axial ratio of Archimedean spiral antenna placed over a radial AMC is less than 2?dB whereas it is higher than 3?dB with a classical cartesian shape of AMC reflector.     

Design and performance of millimeter-wave end-coupled bandpass filters

The design and performance of millimeter-wave microstrip/suspended-stripline end-coupled bandpass filters are presented. Filters in Ka-band (26.5 to 40 GHz) and W-band (75 to 110 GHz) using suspended-stripline and microstrip have been designed. Good agreement between the experimental results and those predicted theoretically was observed. Measured passband insertion losses of less than 1 and 0.5 dB have been achieved in W- and Ka-band, respectively. An extremely wideband waveguide-to-microstrip transition with an insertion loss of 0.25 dB over the full W-band is also presented.     

一种采用互补结构的宽阻带共模缺陷地滤波器

为了抑制高速差分信号传输中的共模噪声, 提出了一种基于低成本FR4材料制作的互补型缺陷地结构(defected ground structure, DGS)共模阻带滤波器. 滤波器两边采用对称性酒杯形DGS结构, 中间采用对称伞形DGS结构. 由于这两种DGS 结构互补, 整个滤波器结构紧凑, 可以实现小面积设计目的; 另外, 由于三个DGS结构相邻较近, 相互之间存在互感, 可以通过改变相互之间的距离来调节相互之间的互感, 从而实现宽阻带滤波的目的. 仿真和测试结果表明, 该DGS滤波器的差模信号损耗小, 在抑制共模噪声20 dB条件下其阻带范围为4.8–11.4 GHz, 而且面积仅为10 mm×10 mm. 与周期性DGS结构相比, 本方法在相同共模噪声抑制深度下, 具有占用面积不到30%、阻带宽度增加约50%等优点.     

The development of a simplified cross-bar mixer operating at Ka-band

Many receivers operating at millimetre wavelengths utilise a frequency downconverter as their first stage. A rugged, low-conversion loss and simplified cross-bar mixer operating at the atmospheric window centered at 33 GHz was designed, developed and tested as a forerunner to mixers operating at atmospheric windows centred at higher frequencies. The cross-bar mixer exhibits a conversion loss of less than 5 dB over a bandwidth of 2 GHz. Design and optimisation procedures of the mixer are outlined.     

Transmission of 20 Gb/s PAM-4 signal over 20 km optical fiber using a directly modulated tunable DBR laser

We report 20 Gb/s transmission of four-level pulse amplitude modulation(PAM) signal using a directly modulated tunable distributed Bragg reflector(DBR) laser. Transmission distance over 20 km was achieved without using optical amplifiers and optical dispersion compensation modules. A wavelength tuning range of 11.5 nm and a 3 dB bandwidth greater than 10 GHz over the entire wavelength tuning range were obtained.     

850 nm centered wavelength-swept laser based on a wavelength selection galvo filter

A wavelength-swept laser is constructed using a free space external cavity configuration coupled with a fiberbased ring cavity at the 850 nm region. The external cavity filter employs a galvo-mirror scanner with a diffraction grating for wavelength selection. The filter is connected to a ring cavity through an optical circulator.The ring cavity contains a broadband semiconductor optical amplifier with a high optical output. The performance of this laser is demonstrated with broad bandwidths and narrow linewidths. The 3 dB linewidth and the bandwidth of this source are 0.05 nm(~20 GHz) and 48 nm, respectively. The maximum output power is 26 m W at 160 m A current.     

Ka/Q band GaAs IMPATT amplifier technology

GaAs IMPATT diodes are capable of generating 2 to 3 W simultaneously with 18–22% efficiency in the 33 GHz to 46 GHz frequency band. The design of the amplifier circuits which utilize these devices is discussed. The circuit design is based on a 3-step closed form algorithm. The first step is a passive circuit characterization with an automatic network analyzer. In the second step, a computer is used to generate diode device lines. The third step is load line synthesis for predictable operation. The resulting performance is described. 2 W over a 2GHz bandwidth was achieved simultaneously with a minimum gain of 12 dB.     

共焦波导结构回旋行波管的设计与仿真

针对0.14 THz大气窗口,利用CST微波工作室和3维粒子模拟软件,对共焦波导结构的太赫兹回旋行波管进行了冷腔色散和注波互作用的模拟研究。以TE06模式作为互作用工作模式,在电压为35 kV、电流为2 A、横纵速度比为0.85的电子束参数下,当输入信号为1 W时,得到最高2 kW的微波功率输出,3 dB带宽为3.5 GHz,增益为30 dB。     

Microwave Photonic Link with Carrier Suppression for Increased Dynamic Range

Theoretical analysis and experimental investigation of microwave photonic links with bias-shifted Mach-Zehnder modulators are presented. An optical amplifier is used to increase link gain and reduce noise figure. The combination of modulator bias shift away from quadrature and optical amplification reduces the link noise figure by more than 15 dB. For modulation frequencies from 2 to 18 GHz, the third-order limited spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR3) of these links is greater than 120 dB, normalized to a 1-Hz bandwidth. Conventional links based on Mach-Zehnder modulators are limited to SFDR3 values of approximately 110 dB, normalized to a 1-Hz bandwidth. This level of performance is achieved without electronic or optical linearization.     

Design of a re-entrant double-staggered ladder circuit for V-band coupled-cavity traveling-wave tubes

The re-entrant double-staggered ladder slow-wave structure is employed in a high-power V-band coupled-cavity traveling-wave tube. This structure has a wide bandwidth, a moderate interaction impedance, and excellent thermal dissipation properties, as well as easy fabrication. A well-matched waveguide coupler is proposed for the structure. Combining the design of attenuators, a full-scale three-dimensional circuit model for the V-band coupled-cavity traveling-wave tube is constructed. The electromagnetic characteristics and the beam-wave interaction of this structure are investigated. The beam current is set to be 100 mA, and the cathode voltage is tuned from 16.8 kV to 15.8 kV. The calculation results show that this tube can produce a saturated average output power over 100 W with an instantaneous bandwidth greater than 1.25 GHz in the frequency ranging from 58 GHz to 62 GHz. The corresponding gain and electronic efficiency can reach over 32 dB and 6.5%, respectively.     

C波段卫星通信中高温超导双工器的研制

文中提出一种紧凑型的c波段高温超导双工器的设计方法,利用一个公共输入节点和两个带通滤波器组成双工器。公共节点是由中心谐振频率处在防护频带上的开环微带环实现,每个带通滤波器都包括四个矩形螺旋线谐振器。双工器的中心频率为4GHz,带宽为0.23GHz。该双工器采用氧化镁衬底双面镝钡铜氧高温超导薄膜加工而成,薄膜上下表面均溅射金保护层。将超导双工器封装在铜制屏蔽盒中并在机械制冷机(77K温度条件)中测试。实验结果表明,每个信道的插入损耗低于0.1dB,两个信道间的隔离度超过40dB。仿真和实验结果达到很好的吻合,有效的说明了设计方法的正确性。