共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Denis A. Ikonnikov Sergey A. Myslivets Nikolay N. Davletshin Filipp A. Baron Vasily G. Arkhipkin Andrey M. Vyunishev 《Annalen der Physik》2023,535(3):2200480
The near-field effect of diffraction image self-reproduction or self-imaging of a periodic grating illuminated by quasi-monochromatic wave is well-known as the Talbot effect. Introducing a dislocation to a periodic structure provides a fork-shaped modulation of the phase/amplitude, which produces discrete diffraction pattern in a far-field consisting of optical vortices. In this paper, Fresnel diffraction at amplitude fork-shaped grating is theoretically and experimentally studied. The coexistence of spatial ordering and local violation of translational symmetry of the structure manifests itself in a strict diffraction pattern consisting of optical vortices in the far-field, which is shown to be accompanied by formation of a spatially ordered intensity distribution in the near-field, reminiscent the Talbot carpets for periodic structures. These results demonstrate the first evidence of Talbot effect occurred under light diffraction at fork-shaped gratings, being promising for deep understanding of near-field singular optics phenomena. 相似文献
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Welton PJ 《The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America》2012,131(1):69-79
Because of the complexity of the scattering integrals in three dimensions, numerous approximations are used to obtain closed-form solutions. By considering the scattering by an infinite, pressure-release plane surface, the effects of various phase approximations and source directivity approximations can be examined independently of the surface roughness. Calculations are carried out using the Fraunhofer and Fresnel phase approximations, and two directivity approximations. It has been shown experimentally that the image solution is valid for the reflection of an acoustic beam by an infinite, pressure-release plane surface if the plane is in the farfield of the source. Consequently, the image solution is used to compare analytical solutions obtained using various phase and directivity approximations, and it is found that both the Fresnel phase approximation and a realistic directivity approximation are required to achieve a good fit. The solution produced by the Fraunhofer phase approximation is obtained as an asymptotic limit of the modified Fresnel solution. Criteria for the validity of the Fraunhofer and Fresnel phase approximations are developed. The Fresnel phase approximation is valid under fairly broad conditions, but the Fraunhofer phase approximation is never valid for an infinite plane surface that must be in the farfield of the source. 相似文献
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衍射光栅它在当今信息时代是一种不可或缺光学元件,特别是在光谱学、激光工艺、光学信息处理、光通信等许多领域中都有着十分重要的应用。本文以康托集分形光栅为研究对象,自行设计并观察了康托集分形光栅三个阶段的夫琅和费衍射现象,根据惠更斯.菲涅耳原理,讨论了一维康托集分形光栅的夫琅和费衍射光强分布特性。 相似文献
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用反向调制照明法分析光栅成像效应 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
提出了用反向调制照法明分析光栅成像效应的观点,研究了光栅系统的反向衍射干涉效应,成功地揭示了泰伯效应与劳效应的内在联系,并在白光双光栅衍射干涉的“消色效应”的基础上获得了白光扩展光源照明下白光光栅成像效应和具有实用意义的四光栅干涉系统。 相似文献
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V. G. Gusev 《Russian Physics Journal》1995,38(7):717-721
An analysis in the Fresnel approximation is given of the formation conditions of lateral-shear holographic interferograms in bands of infinite width characterizing the wave aberrations of a microscope optical system over the field in the case of coherent diffuse illumination of a ground-glass screen.Tomsk State University. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 7, pp. 71–76, July, 1995. 相似文献
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We report on the X-ray Bragg diffraction analysis of periodic surface gratings on (100) GaAs crystals. We show that the X-ray Bragg diffraction is a very powerful method to investigate ultrafine surface gratings and allow us to determine not only the grating period but, in particular, the width of the grooves and to characterize the quality of the sidewalls, which is not easily possible with optical methods. The X-ray diffraction on surface crystal gratings is analogue to the Fraunhofer diffraction of multiple slits or reflection gratings. 相似文献
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Claus Jönsson 《Zeitschrift für Physik A Hadrons and Nuclei》1961,161(4):454-474
A glass plate covered with an evaporated silver film of about 200 å thickness is irradiated by a line-shaped electron-probe in a vacuum of 10?4 Torr. A hydrocarbon polymerisation film of very low electrical conductivity is formed at places subjected to high electron current density. An electrolytically deposited copper film leaves these places free from copper. When the copper film is stripped a grating with slits free of any material is obtained. 50 Μ long and 0·3 Μ wide slits with a grating constant of 1 Μ are obtained. The maximum number of slits is five. The electron diffraction pattern obtained using these slits in an arrangement analogous to Young's light optical interference experiment in the Fraunhofer plane and Fresnel region shows an effect corresponding to the well-known interference phenomena in light optics. 相似文献
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J. Grucker J. Baudon F. Perales G. Dutier V. Bocvarski J.-C. Karam G. Vassilev M. Ducloy 《The European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics》2008,47(3):427-431
Surface-induced exo-energetic inelastic transitions among atomic Zeeman
states in a magnetic field (“van der Waals – Zeeman” transitions) are
useable as tuneable beam splitters. A transversally coherent atom beam
impinging a pair of opposite surfaces (e.g. 2 edges of a slit or of an ensemble
of periodic slits) gives rise to two coherently diffracted wave packets.
Within the wave packet overlap, non-localised interference fringes of the
Young-slit type are predicted. From the diffraction pattern observed in the
Fraunhofer regime (Schlieren image), detailed information about the
transition amplitude on a scale of a few nanometers should be derived. 相似文献
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本文从理论上导出了相干光照明了菲涅耳衍射场中离开泰伯自成像平面时光栅像的反差、位相和周期的变化。得到了球面波和平面波照明下,光栅的傅里叶像生成的条件,从而定量地说明了泰伯效应与Lau效应的某种一致性。理论结果被实验验证。 相似文献
11.
We discuss the ray-optical aberrations which appear in the fractional-Talbot image of a periodic binary grating with coherent illumination. First we examine the complex amplitude of an aberration-free imaging field at a fractional-Talbot plane. We then trace the path of a diffracted ray of specific order which contributes to the fractional-Talbot imaging. Next we formulate the focus-shift and third-order aberrations which arise from a focusing error and a fourth-order approximation of the path length, respectively. We then evaluate the amplitude and phase of an aberrated imaging field that are represented in terms of aberration functions. When the grating period decreases to approach the optical wavelength, the aberrations of lower-order rays are shown to be more influential on the fractional-Talbot imaging field than those of higher-order rays. The theory of aberration discussed here could be very useful in evaluating the fractional-Talbot image of a periodic binary grating. 相似文献
12.
Shun-ichi Tanaka Sanshiro Hattori Joon-Sung Chang Masana Minami 《Optics Communications》1973,9(1):54-57
A multiple object-beam holography is proposed, where a two-dimensional rectangular amplitude grating and a phase plate of matrix form placed at the frequency plane of the grating constitute the main parts of a speckle-free periodic illumination system of continuous tone transparencies. Demonstration experiments are made, where the number of diffracted orders of the grating, the ratio of the widths of transparent and opaque zones of the grating, the retardation of each matrix zone of the phase plate and the distance between planes of the image of the grating and a transparency are taken as variables. 相似文献
13.
Jorge Ivn García-Sucerquia Romn Castaeda Francisco F. Medina Giorgio Matteucci 《Optics Communications》2001,200(1-6):15-22
Theoretical considerations, simulations and experiments have been carried out to distinguish between Fresnel and the Fraunhofer diffraction regarding the formation of interference patterns by a conventional Young's double-pinhole arrangement with variable separation, which is illuminated by a coherent plane wave. We show that the optical path difference introduced by this setup fits the Fresnel's phase difference between the pinholes. Consequently, it is possible to determine the number of Fresnel zones subtended by a circle centered on one of the pinholes and with radius equals to the pinhole separation. Then, we propose a criterion for distinguishing between Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffraction based on this number of Fresnel zones, which is applicable for diffracting apertures with any shape. 相似文献
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应用傅里叶频谱分析法,给出了光栅在啁啾超短脉冲光波照射下菲涅耳衍射方程并分析了其Talbot效应. 数值计算表明,在Talbot距离处的衍射光强不仅与照射的超短脉冲光波的宽度有关,而且与脉冲光波的啁啾有关. 根据光栅在Talbot距离处衍射光强的变化,给出了一种检验超短脉冲光波是否含有啁啾的简单方法.
关键词:
光栅
菲涅耳衍射
Talbot效应
啁啾超短脉冲激光 相似文献
17.
A theory of image formation in a scanning differential heterodyne microscope is developed using the results of observations of a metallized periodic structure with a rectangular profile. The phase and amplitude response functions are calculated for TE and TM polarizations. It is demonstrated that the width of grating elements can be measured with a superresolution. The experimental phase and amplitude responses from a metallized grating with a trapezoidal profile are obtained and compared with the results of theoretical calculations. 相似文献
18.
All-reflective Michelson, Sagnac, and Fabry-Perot interferometers based on grating beam splitters are experimentally demonstrated at a wavelength of 1064 nm. A 1200-groove/mm grating diffracting 0 and -1 orders with an efficiency of 48.2% for each order was used as a near-50/50 beam splitter. The all-reflective Sagnac and Michelson interferometers were formed by reintroducing both of the diffracted beams back to the grating. The Fabry-Perot interferometer was formed in a Littrow configuration by using a 1700-groove/mm grating with a blazing efficiency of 91% as a cavity coupler. These interferometers encompass all the fundamental configurations of all-reflective laser interferometric gravitational-wave detectors, promising improved wave-front quality by avoiding volume thermal effects in transmissive optics under high-power laser illumination. 相似文献
19.
菲涅耳数字全息成像系统的脉冲响应分析 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
数字全息成像由CCD记录数字全息图后经过计算机数值重建物光波场,这个过程从傅里叶变换角度看等同于数字全息图的频谱分析。讨论了数字成像系统的脉冲响应函数,并分别推导了其实像、虚像、零级像在平面波和球面波照射下的波前复振幅分布。结果表明,实像和虚像是移位的夫琅和费衍射分布,而零级像是CCD光瞳的菲涅耳衍射分布,且与参考光波前分布无关。 相似文献
20.
A detailed analysis of new effects related to extremely asymmetrical scattering (EAS) of bulk and guided weakly dissipating
electromagnetic waves in oblique periodic gratings is presented. A very important role of the previously determined critical
grating width is demonstrated for EAS in dissipative gratings. Incident and scattered wave amplitudes inside and outside the
grating are analysed as functions of dissipation coefficient, grating width, grating amplitude, etc. Strong differences in
the patterns of scattering in gratings that are narrower and wider than the critical width are demonstrated and discussed.
Deep analogies between EAS and other resonant optical effects, such as attenuated total reflection, Fabry–Pérot interferometry,
etc. are revealed and discussed. A physical interpretation of the obtained results is presented.
Received: 19 February 2002 / Revised version: 28 June 2002 / Published online: 22 November 2002
RID="*"
ID="*"Corresponding author. Fax: +61-7/3864-9079, E-mail: d.gramotnev@qut.edu.au 相似文献