催化光度法测定痕量钒——钒（V）-溴甲酚紫-过氧化氢体系

催化光度法测定钒已有报道[1~3],在0.45 mol·L-1磷酸介质及加热条件下,过氧化氢氧化溴甲酚紫褪色反应非常缓慢,而痕量钒对此反应具有较高的催化活性,且在一定浓度范围内,钒量与褪色反应程度呈线性关系,据此可建立测定痕量钒的方法。方法的检出限为1.9×10-6g·L-1,测定范围为0·003~1.8 mg·L-1。方法操作简便,重现性好,用于钢样中痕量钒的测定,结果满意。1试验部分1.1仪器与试剂721型分光光度计LB801-2型超级恒温器钒(Ⅴ)标准溶液:1.000 0 g·L-1,称取偏钒酸铵0.229 7 g溶于热水中,冷却,定容于100 mL容量瓶中。溴甲酚紫(用R表示)溶液:…     

偶氮胂(Ⅲ)-溴化十六烷基三甲基铵光度法测定高铝矿中的稀土总量

偶氮胂 应用于稀土总量的测定早有报道[1] ,但作者在应用这些方法分析高铝矿时 ,发现铝有严重干扰 ,且灵敏度不高 ,本文采用 1 -苯基 - 3-甲基 -4-苯甲酰基代吡唑酮 ( PMBP)萃取分离。经 8-羟基喹啉 -甲酸反萃后于水相中 [2 ]进行偶氮胂 ( ) ( Ars( ) ) -溴化十六烷基三甲基铵 ( CTMAB)光度法测定。方法已应用于生产。1　实验部分1 .1　主要仪器与试剂镧、铈混合标准溶液 :将 1 .0 mg· m L-1L a3+和 Ce2 + 标准储备液 (金川公司研究所提供 ) ,用1 .0 mol·L-1HCl分别稀释成 5 .0 μg·m L-1,然后按 1 + 1混合成 1 0 μg· m L-1…     

动力学光度法测定维生素B1的研究

在氢氧化钠介质中,微量维生素B1对高碘酸钾氧化苯并红紫4B褪色反应有明显的催化作用,据此建立了测定维生素B1含量的动力学光度法.测定了反应动力学参数,方法的线性范围为0.01～0.4 mg·L-1,检出限为7.0×10-6g·L-1.用于小米粉和维生素B1片剂中维生素B1含量的测定.     

痕量钒的阻抑动力学光度法测定

基于稀硫酸介质中痕量钒 (Ⅴ )对溴酸钾氧化 2 (5 溴 2 吡啶偶氮 ) 5 二乙氨基酚褪色反应的阻抑作用 ,建立了测定痕量钒 (Ⅴ )的动力学光度法。方法检出限为 0 .0 4 3μg·L- 1,线性范围为 0～ 4 .0 μg·L- 1。用于测定人发及茶叶样品中的痕量钒 (Ⅴ ) ,结果满意。     

硫氰酸盐结晶紫光度法测定痕量锌(Ⅱ)

在保护胶体的存在下,[Zn(SCN)4]2-碱性染料形成的离子缔合物可溶于水,可不用萃取而直接在水溶液中进行测定[1]。本文研究了在 0.10~0.25mol·L-1硫酸介质中,[Zn(SCN)4]2- 络阴离子与结晶紫形成离子缔合物,在保护胶体聚乙烯醇(平均聚合度1 750±50)存在下,可不用萃取而直接在水溶液中测定锌的方法[2]。1　试验部分1.1　主要仪器与试剂72G型分光光度计硫酸:2.75 mol·L-1锌(Ⅱ)标准溶液:按常规配制成 1 mg·mL-1,使用时稀释成含0.5 mg·L-1标准工作溶液。硫氰酸钠溶液:75 g·L-1结晶紫溶液:0.5 g·L-1抗坏血酸 硫脲溶液:将 5 g抗坏…     

氧化罗丹明6G褪色光度法测定微量锰

人体需要微量的锰,它能促进人体的发育且具有抗癌作用.目前,吸光光度法测定Mn(Ⅲ)的方法很多,其中二元体系褪色光度法也有报道,但高锰酸氧化罗丹明6G褪色光度法未见有报道.试验发现,在硫磷混酸介质中,高锰酸能氧化罗丹明6G使其褪色,利用溶液褪色前后的吸光度差值可测定微量锰,从而建立了一种测定锰的新方法.该法简便、快速,灵敏度高,应用于某些物质中微量锰的测定,结果满意.1 试验部分1.1 主要仪器与试剂UV-754型分光光度计Mn(Ⅶ)标准溶液:按常规方法配制0.01mol·L~(-1)的高锰酸钾溶液,用草酸钠标准溶液标定,使用时稀释成5μg·ml~(-1)Mn(Ⅶ)工作溶液.Mn(Ⅱ)标准溶液:称取1.0000g纯度为99.9%的金属锰(称量前用稀硫酸洗去表面氧化物)于250ml烧杯中,加硫酸溶液(1+4)10ml使其溶解,移入1L量瓶中,用水稀释至刻度,摇匀,配成1mg·ml~(-1)Mn(Ⅱ)标准溶液,使用时稀释成5μg·     

催化褪色光度法测定茶叶中痕量锰

锰 (Ⅱ )的光度法测定中 ,催化光度法测定已有报道[1～ 4 ] 。本文研究了在 pH 6 .3的KH2 PO4 Na2 B4 O7缓冲体系中 ,利用痕量Mn(Ⅱ )催化H2 O2氧化胭脂红的褪色来测定Mn(Ⅱ )的催化光度法。本法检出限为 1.1× 10 - 8g·L- 1,是测定Mn(Ⅱ )较灵敏的方法之一 ,其操作简便 ,试剂易得 ,灵敏度高 ,条件容易控制 ,选择性和重现性好。用本法测定茶叶样品中痕量锰 ,获得了满意的结果。1　试验部分1.1　主要仪器与试剂72 2型分光光度计pHS 3C型酸度计CS 5 0 1SP型超级数显恒温器Mn(Ⅱ )标准溶液 :1.0 0 0 0 g·L- 1,使用时稀释至 0 .5 …     

单扫描示波极谱法连测铅锌

铅和锌极谱测定方法很多 ,有在碱性介质中测定 ,也有在强酸性介质中测定。铅和锌连测有时也有报道[1,2 ] ,但测定范围局限于微量及半微量分析。本法特点是在同一份溶液中连测铅和锌 ,测定范围扩至常量 ,干扰少 ,重现性好。铅的回收率为 95%～1 0 0 % ,锌的回收率为 97%～ 99% ,适合于铜矿及铅锌矿中铅和锌的分析。1　试验部分1 .1　主要试剂与仪器铅 [3]和锌 [4 ]标准溶液 :均为 2 mg·ml-1抗坏血酸溶液 :1 0 0 g· L-1硫氰酸钾溶液 :50 g·L-1HOAc- Na OAc缓冲溶液 [5] :p H4.5明胶溶液 :2 .5g· L-1试剂均为分析纯JP3- 1型示波仪 ,三…     

偶氮胭脂红B光度法测定痕量铌

铌的测定常采用络合光度法,但络合光度法的灵敏度不高,一般在2~10μg/10 mL[1~4],难以达到痕量铌的分析要求,催化动力学光度法灵敏度高,目前以催化动力学光度法测定铌的报道较少,灵敏度能达到μg·L-1[5~7]。本文研究发现在硫酸中铌对溴酸钾氧化偶氮胭脂红B反应的影响作用,且铌量不同,其对反应的影响不同,据此在一定范围内建立了测定痕量铌的新方法。1试验部分1.1主要仪器与试剂723型分光光度计,CS501型超级恒温槽。铌标准溶液:100 mg·L-1,称取Nb2O50.143 0 g于瓷坩埚中,加焦硫酸钾5 g,缓慢加热熔融至清,冷却,用500 g·L-1柠檬酸溶液浸…     

锇(Ⅳ)-KIO4-偶氮氯膦-pA催化光度法测定微量锇

在1.0 mol·L-1硝酸介质中,微量锇(Ⅳ)对KIO4氧化偶氮氯膦-pA的褪色反应有明显的催化作用,利用此反应可在水相中直接测定微量锇.锇(Ⅳ)含量在0.02～0.60 mg·L-1范围内符合比耳定律,检出限为0.01 mg·L-1.     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。