全息图模压复制技术(Ⅰ)——浮雕型彩虹全息图的形成

浮雕型彩虹全息图是全息图模压复制的基础,它从根本上决定了最后成品的质量和性能。本文在介绍普通彩虹全息图和2D/3D彩虹全息图的基础上,着重介绍了我们在实验中总结出的两种形成浮雕全息图的工艺技术,即用国产的BP-212紫外正型光致抗蚀剂制造浮雕全息图和用银盐感光材料PD法制造浮雕全息图的技术。     

浅谈全息图的复制

简要介绍了将原全息图再现和接触复制法两种全息图复制的原理与方法.进一步采用接触复制法的方法,利用激光作为光源进行了全息图的复制实验研究.实验结果表明复制的全息图再现像图像比较清晰,层次分明.     

接触法复制全息图的实验

接触法复制全息图需要使母全息图与感光干板的乳胶面相向紧密接触,对母全息图进行透射照明,经冲洗处理后的曝光干板即为普通的全息图.采用低压钠灯为光源,对菲涅耳全息图进行复制实践,复制全息图的再现像清晰度比母全息图要差,但就像的质量而言层次很分明.     

光刻全息图的蚀刻条件研究

本文提出发展蚀刻二元元件的工艺,其中最重要的是选择适当的蚀速比,它是制作具有连续厚度分布的浮雕型光刻全息图的关键,文中给出了反应功率一定时腐蚀气体流量和蚀刻速率的关系曲线,找到了合适的工作点,根据这些结果,制作成功性能优良的全息光学元件.     

用光刻胶制作计算机全息图和计量光栅

本文叙述了光刻胶材料的基本光化学性质;论述了用这种用材料制作浮雕型相位全息图的优点;还介绍了制作光刻胶光学元件的工艺过程,并给出实验结果。     

三维全息和全息光栅的模压复制技术

<正> 一、引言全息图和全息光学元件的模压复制是国际上七十年代末发展起来的一项新技术。它成功地解决了全息照片的大批量生产问题,是实现全息图商品生产,开辟新的应用领域的关键技术之一,模压全息图的制作可分为三个阶段,即原版全息图的记录、铸金属模板和模压复制。二、原版全息图的记录记录原版全息图是模压复制技术的重要环     

模压全息图的颜色设计及其记录方法

目前模压全息广泛地应用于商品标识、卡通、贺卡等，如何制作出色彩鲜艳、亮度高、清晰的模压全息图是至关重要的。本文从两束光干涉的简单模式讨论模压全息图的颜色设计，给出几种实用的和可能用的浮雕全息图的记录方法，并介绍常用光致抗蚀剂记录材料的特性及其处理工艺。     

多重背景全息图的原理和制作

本文利用全息摄影具有真正视差和大景深良好效果的优势，设计了一个主体物分别与多重背景独立组合的浮雕型全息图片．拍摄中运用二次曝光和分区域曝光技术切换不同视场以实现不同“主一背”组合图的再现．所制得的反射全息图具有高衍射效率和高信噪比，此拍摄方法的运用使图片可携带及表达内涵更为丰富的各种信息．     

光致抗蚀剂全息图及其复制品的特性

文章叙述了用光致抗蚀剂制造的表面浮雕全息图及其模压复制品的特性。阐明光致抗蚀剂金息图与其复制品的最高衍射效率几乎有相同的值——21～25%,而且原始全息图及其复制品的最高信噪比(SNR)都相当好。     

无透镜夫琅和费型计算机彩虹全息图

本文提出一种新的计算机彩虹全息图,即无透镜夫琅和费型计算机彩虹全息图,介绍了它的基本原理及物体光波的数学描述,并以彩虹全息图的信息量出发,讨论了一般计算机彩虹全息图信息量的冗余度及减少冗余信息量的方法.最后给出了无透镜夫琅和费型计算机彩虹全息图的实验结果.     

Application of Surface Relief Hologram Using Azobenzene Containing Polymer Film

Surface relief holograms are fabricated by irradiation of laser interference patterns on an azobenzene polymer film. The hologram needs no post-treatment, and can be erased by heating the films to above its glass transition temperature. Rewritable Fresnel holograms are fabricated on azo-polymer film. Replication of the surface relief hologram is also demonstrated. An application for business cards is considered.     

Hologram Recording in Various Glass Plates by Corona Charging

We propose techniques of hologram replication in glass plates and reconstruction on another film by corona charging. A surface relief hologram on an azobenzene polymer film was recorded in the form of electric polarization in glass plates that include alkali cations by corona charging at high temperature. The hologram recorded in the glass plate is stable for more than 1 month at room temperature. After removal of the azobenzene polymer film from the plate, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) film was spin-coated onto the plate. The hologram recorded in the plate was reconstructed with the same surface relief structure on the PMMA film by corona charging again at 110°C.     

Recording a binary computer-generated hologram on a thermoplastic film

A computer-generated hologram was recorded on a thermoplastic film using an electron-beam recording device. The hologram was a binary one of detour phase type and of surface relief type. A bright image was reconstructed from the recorded hologram.     

Hologram recording in glass and direct reconstruction using visible-wavelength laser beam

We propose a method of hologram recording in a glass plate by corona charging. The holographic recording materials used in this study are conventional soda-lime glass and azobenzene polymer film. A Fourier transform hologram on an azobenzene polymer film coated on the glass plate is recorded in the glass plate by corona charging. After removing the polymer film, the hologram recorded in the plate can be reconstructed using a visible-wavelength laser beam. The first-order diffraction efficiency of the hologram at a wavelength of 532 nm is 0.03%; the efficiency depends on the depth of the surface relief structure on the azobenzene polymer film and the corona-charging time. The hologram recorded in the glass plate has high environmental resistance.     

Spatial-frequency-filtering effect of multiphase holograms

A well-designed hologram can be used as a spatial frequency filter to remove moiré fringes in a digital imaging system. However, it also degrades the resolution of the image. We have used a homemade program to design holograms with better filtering characteristics. We have designed holograms with two, four, eight, and 16 phases and compared their diffraction efficiencies and modulation transfer functions (MTFs). The four-phase hologram showed a diffraction efficiency and MTF characteristics similar to those of the binary hologram. The eight-phase hologram, however, showed much better diffraction efficiency than the previous two, and thus higher MTF values. The 16-phase hologram was still better, but the improvement was marginal. We have manufactured binary and eight-phase holograms and measured their MTFs. We have also observed directly their filtering effects by attaching them to a digital camera and taking pictures of test charts. The Moiré-fringe-removing effects of the two holograms were similar, but the eight-phase hologram showed better resolution.     

三维漫射体单波长真彩色彩虹全息术

提出一种新的三维漫反射物体真彩色彩虹全息术,在普通一步法真彩色彩虹全息术的基础上,用单波长激光逆光路再现,可在同一种记录介质上一次曝光记录三维物体的真彩色全息图.因而特别适合于制作光致抗蚀剂模压全息母板.     

Recording dynamic holograms in a semiconductor crystal CdF<Subscript>2</Subscript>:In

The kinetics of decay of a phase hologram in a semiconductor CdF₂ crystal with bistable In centers is studied. Kinetic constants of the hologram decay are found, and the potential relief of the bistable center is plotted. The resolving power of the crystal is evaluated and recording of a transparency is demonstrated.     

Holographic properties of chalcogenide-metal photosensitive materials

A new type of photosensitive material using a chalcogenide-metal system can be used for recording holograms. This hologram is thin, recorded by amplitude and/or phase variations; a relief hologram is also available. It is shown that this material does not require development and fixation procedures and can be used for real-time holographic interferometry.     

Characteristic features of light scattering by a thick volume hologram

A mathematical model is proposed for the optical transfer function of a thick two-dimensional volume hologram bounded by a rectangular periphery. It is shown that the hologram is made up of two parts. The first part is formed by a point reference beam which reads out the hologram through the longitudinal boundary, while the second part is formed when it is read out through its transverse boundary. It is established that the principal features of light scattering by a thick hologram involve the second component of the optical transfer function. It is shown that under conditions of phase detuning the angular dependence of this component fails to coincide with the corresponding dependence of the first part, and this greatly complicates the structure of the angular intensity of the reconstructed light beam. This conclusion is confirmed by the experimental results given which were obtained when investigating holograms of a divergent light beam recorded in a lithium niobate photorefractive crystal. The results are given of a calculation using the mathematical model discussed as applied to the experimental situation considered. State University of Control Systems and Electronics, Tomsk. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 7, pp. 114–120, July, 1998.