固相萃取液相色谱-质谱/质谱联用测定河水中大环内酯类抗生素

应用固相萃取（SPE）及LC—MS／MS技术,建立了水中痕量大环内酯类抗生素即红霉素、脱水红霉素、罗红霉素的分析方法,优化了固相萃取、液相色谱-质谱／质谱等相关条件。水样经HLB固相萃取柱富集净化,以多反应检测方式（MRM）对待测物进行定性和定量分析。3种抗生素在10-2000ng／L范围内具有良好的线性。其定量下限为5ng／L（S／N〉10）。加标纯水和实际水样的回收率在71％-111％之间,相对标准偏差（RSD）在3．7％-8．6％之间。该方法灵敏度高、选择性好、准确度高,适合实际水样中痕量大环内酯类药物的检测。使用该方法测得珠江广州河段某水样中红霉素、脱水红霉素和罗红霉素质量浓度分别为164、291和134ng／L。     

因子分析法在质谱成像数据分析中的应用

对因子分析法在质谱成像数据分析中的应用进行了研究。本方法分析的质谱成像数据来源于空气动力辅助离子源质谱成像技术,所用样品为含有3种不同颜料(红色、蓝色、黑色)的笔迹样品。对该样品的成像数据进行因子分析后,将成像数据分为了背景、黑色、蓝色和红色因子。分析结果显示,m/z 443.2,478.4,322.2(344.2)分别在红色、蓝色、黑色因子中的贡献值远大于其它质荷比,因此是3种颜料的特征质荷比。此结果与实际情况相符,证明使用因子分析方法对质谱成像数据进行分析和特征提取是可行的。对因子分析与主成分分析的成像数据处理结果进行了比较,结果显示,因子分析可以更简单和定量地对特征质荷比进行取舍,在生物标志物提取、疾病诊断、药理分析等方面有较大的应用潜力。     

石墨烯氧化过程中的热分析-质谱以及脉冲热分析方法研究

本文由氧化石墨烯通过水热法制备直接获得石墨烯。采用热重-差热分析方法检测了石墨烯受热过程中的质量变化和氧化温度。利用热分析-质谱联用技术在400-650 ℃温度区间得到了水和二氧化碳正离子质谱峰,这说明石墨烯氧化过程中的质量损失是由羟基水和二氧化碳脱除造成的。同时,还采用非等温热分析动力学方法,利用5、10、15 ℃·min^-1三种不同升温速率获得了石墨烯材料在空气气氛下的热分析动力学参数。通过Kissinger方法计算出石墨烯氧化过程中的活化能（E_a）和指前因子的对数（lg（A/s^-1））分别为155.11 kJ·mol^-1和6.90。利用Ozawa-Flynn-Wall （FWO）方法还建立了活化能和指前因子与反应转化率之间的关系。基于以上研究结果,本工作将对石墨烯在热界面、导热和先进复合材料等领域的应用提供参考价值。     

石墨烯氧化过程中的热分析—质谱以及脉冲热分析方法研究（英文）

本文由氧化石墨烯通过水热法制备直接获得石墨烯。采用热重-差热分析方法检测了石墨烯受热过程中的质量变化和氧化温度。利用热分析-质谱联用技术在400-650°C温度区间得到了水和二氧化碳正离子质谱峰,这说明石墨烯氧化过程中的质量损失是由羟基水和二氧化碳脱除造成的。同时,还采用非等温热分析动力学方法,利用5、10、15°C?min~(-1)三种不同升温速率获得了石墨烯材料在空气气氛下的热分析动力学参数。通过Kissinger方法计算出石墨烯氧化过程中的活化能(Ea)和指前因子的对数(lg(A/s-1))分别为155.11 k J?mol~(-1)和6.90。利用Ozawa-Flynn-Wall(FWO)方法还建立了活化能和指前因子与反应转化率之间的关系。基于以上研究结果,本工作将对石墨烯在热界面、导热和先进复合材料等领域的应用提供参考价值。     

同位素稀释气相色谱/三重四极质谱法测定二(噁)英同类物

建立了同位素稀释气相色谱/三重四极质谱法测定17种2,3,7,8位氯取代的二(噁)英同类物的痕量分析方法.使用Agilent 7000B三重四极气质联用仪,通过对色谱、质谱条件的优化,建立了高灵敏度和高选择性的二(噁)英同类物分析方法,17种二(噁)英毒性同类物的平均相对响应因子的相对标准偏差均小于11％;校正曲线在0...     

环境污染事故中挥发性有机物快速定量方法

在相同的色谱条件下,分别以内标法和外标法对Restek Volatiles和J＆W DB-624毛细管色谱柱建立了以苯、甲苯和乙苯为标准物质的相对响应因子（RRF）快速定量数据库。其它挥发性有机物可采用RRF平均值进行估算,相对误差在-85．9％～52．3％之间。运用建立的数据库,对实际大气样品进行测定,证明方法可行。     

新型甲酰基吡咯衍生物的合成及其热裂解-气相色谱/质谱分析

本文以D-(+)-氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐为原料,通过环合、氧化和烷基化等系列反应,合成了新型化合物N-戊基-2-甲基-3-乙酰基-5-吡咯甲醛,并利用红外(IR)光谱、核磁共振(~1H NMR、~(13)C NMR)和高分辨质谱(HR-MS)等波谱技术对其结构进行了确证。采用正交试验优化了合成条件,通过热重-微分热重-差示扫描量热法(TG-DTG-DSC)研究了该化合物热失重变化,采用热裂解-气相色谱/质谱(Py-GC/MS)联用技术分析了该化合物的热裂解产物。结果表明化合物Ⅳ为目标化合物N-戊基-2-甲基-3-乙酰基-5-吡咯甲醛。目标化合物的最优合成条件为:反应温度60℃、反应时间24h、摩尔比1.0∶1.1,产率可达81%;目标化合物在136.3~290.0℃间有一个剧烈的失重过程,失重率达到98.58%;目标化合物在300、600、900℃裂解条件下共裂解出41种化合物,其中有吡嗪、2,5-二甲基吡嗪、戊醛等多种香味成分。初步探讨了目标化合物可能的热裂解机理。     

气相色谱-质谱同时测定猪肉中3种巴比妥药物残留

建立了固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱同时分析猪肉中3种巴比妥类药物残留量的方法。对猪肉样品的乙腈提取、C18固相萃取柱净化和碘甲烷甲基化条件进行了优化。采用HP-5毛细管柱分离,电子轰击电离源质谱选择离子模式(SIM)检测(巴比妥m／z126,169,183,184;异戊巴比妥m／z169、170、184、226;苯巴比妥m／z175、232、245、260;dwell time80s),外标法定量(定量离子m／z分别为169、169和232)。3种巴比妥药物的添加标准曲线线性回归系数均在0．99以上;线性范围2．5～50μg/kg,回收率为65％～112％,相对标准偏差5．4％～17．2％,检出限均为1μg/kg。     

基于生物质谱的乙酸酐稳定同位素标记

建立了一种基于生物质谱的乙酸酐稳定同位素标记,定量蛋白质组学研究方法,优化了影响标记效率的各种条件.在pH 8.0的Na2B4O7/H3BO3 缓冲体系中,当乙酸酐摩尔浓度25倍过量于肽段摩尔量,22℃反应30 min时,标记即可完全.对多对H6/D6-乙酸酐标记肽段在基质辅助激光解吸电离质谱中的动态范围及定量准确度进行了考察,并通过串联质谱分析确定了乙酰化位点.结果表明: 在10倍和30倍动态范围内,线性关系良好(r=0.99, r=0.98),理论值和观测值的偏差分别为0.5%和20%.     

热分析-质谱联用中逸出气体的脉冲热分析定量方法

利用脉冲热分析技术(PulseTA)实现对热分析-质谱(TA-MS)联用系统中逸出气体质谱信号的定量,考察了多种实验参数如不同载气流速、温度以及分析样品量等因素对热分析-质谱联用系统中逸出气体质谱信号定量校正的影响.实验结果表明,利用PulseTA对TA-MS联用系统中逸出气体CO2定量结果与理论计算值的相对误差约2.85%.同时利用TG-DTG-MS联用技术对氮化铟(InN)粉体的热分解行为进行研究,在氩气气氛下InN粉体的热分解过程一步完成,InN粉体在550～750℃得到相应的正离子质谱峰:N2+(m/z=28),所释放的N非常接近InN中N的理论含量.利用PulseTA技术检测到InN粉体受热分解放出氮气质量的实验测量值与理论计算值的相对误差约为1.36%.     

同位素质谱和无机质谱

本文是《分析试验室》定期评述中“同位素质谱和无机质谱”的第四篇评述，评述的范围是１９９４年１１月至１９９６年１０月我国气体同位素质谱，热电离同位素质谱，加速器质谱，火花源质谱，电感耦合等离子体质谱，辉光放电质谱，同位素稀释质谱，二次离子质谱，激光共振电离子飞行时间质谱，电子探针，质子探针，激光探针和它们在地学，核科学，环境科学，材料学，计理学，医学和生命科学中的应用，引用文献１４９篇。     

Preparative Mass Spectrometry Using a Rotating-Wall Mass Analyzer

The design of functional interfaces is central to both fundamental and applied research in materials science and energy technology. We introduce a new, broadly applicable technique for the precisely controlled high-throughput preparation of well-defined interfaces containing polyatomic species ranging from small ions to nanocrystals and large protein complexes. The mass-dispersive deposition of ions onto surfaces is achieved using a rotating-wall mass analyzer, a compact device which enables the separation of ions using low voltages and has a theoretically unlimited mass range. We demonstrate an efficient deposition of singly charged Au₁₄₄(SC₄H₉)₆₀ ions (33.7 kDa), which opens up exciting opportunities for the structural characterization of nanocrystals and their assemblies using transmission electron microscopy. Our approach also enables the high-throughput deposition of mass-selected ions from multicomponent mixtures, which is of interest to the controlled preparation of surface gradients and rapid screening of molecules in mixtures for a specific property.     

Boundaries of Mass Resolution in Native Mass Spectrometry

Over the last two decades, native mass spectrometry (MS) has emerged as a valuable tool to study intact proteins and noncovalent protein complexes. Studied experimental systems range from small-molecule (drug)–protein interactions, to nanomachineries such as the proteasome and ribosome, to even virus assembly. In native MS, ions attain high m/z values, requiring special mass analyzers for their detection. Depending on the particular mass analyzer used, instrumental mass resolution does often decrease at higher m/z but can still be above a couple of thousand at m/z 5000. However, the mass resolving power obtained on charge states of protein complexes in this m/z region is experimentally found to remain well below the inherent instrument resolution of the mass analyzers employed. Here, we inquire into reasons for this discrepancy and ask how native MS would benefit from higher instrumental mass resolution. To answer this question, we discuss advantages and shortcomings of mass analyzers used to study intact biomolecules and biomolecular complexes in their native state, and we review which other factors determine mass resolving power in native MS analyses. Recent examples from the literature are given to illustrate the current status and limitations.

Mass Defect from Nuclear Physics to Mass Spectral Analysis

Mass defect is associated with the binding energy of the nucleus. It is a fundamental property of the nucleus and the principle behind nuclear energy. Mass defect has also entered into the mass spectrometry terminology with the availability of high resolution mass spectrometry and has found application in mass spectral analysis. In this application, isobaric masses are differentiated and identified by their mass defect. What is the relationship between nuclear mass defect and mass defect used in mass spectral analysis, and are they the same?

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Mass Determination of Entire Amyloid Fibrils by Using Mass Spectrometry

Amyloid fibrils are self‐assembled protein structures with important roles in biology (either pathogenic or physiological), and are attracting increasing interest in nanotechnology. However, because of their high aspect ratio and the presence of some polymorphism, that is, the possibility to adopt various structures, their characterization is challenging and basic information such as their mass is unknown. Here we show that charge‐detection mass spectrometry, recently developed for large self‐assembled systems such as viruses, provides such information in a straightforward manner.     

A Novel 9.4 Tesla FTICR Mass Spectrometer with Improved Sensitivity,Mass Resolution,and Mass Range

Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometry provides unparalleled mass measurement accuracy and resolving power. However, propagation of the technique into new analytical fields requires continued advances in instrument speed and sensitivity. Here, we describe a substantial redesign of our custom-built 9.4 tesla FTICR mass spectrometer that improves sensitivity, acquisition speed, and provides an optimized platform for future instrumentation development. The instrument was designed around custom vacuum chambers for improved ion optical alignment, minimized distance from the external ion trap to magnetic field center, and high conductance for effective differential pumping. The length of the transfer optics is 30% shorter than the prior system, for reduced time-of-flight mass discrimination and increased ion transmission and trapping efficiency at the ICR cell. The ICR cell, electrical vacuum feedthroughs, and cabling have been improved to reduce the detection circuit capacitance (and improve detection sensitivity) 2-fold. The design simplifies access to the ICR cell, and the modular vacuum flange accommodates new ICR cell technology, including linearized excitation, high surface area detection, and tunable electrostatic trapping potential.