Spectroscopy of single donors at ZnO(0001) surfaces

Donors near the polar (0001) surface of nominally undoped ZnO were investigated with scanning tunneling microscopy at 5 K. Spatially resolved spectroscopy reveals single and double charging. Equidistant peaks in spectra of ionized donors are attributed to polaron excitation. The data are consistent with doping due to Zn interstitials or complexes.     

共轭高聚物链中极化子生成的掺杂效应

在紧束缚近似下,用绝热动力学演化的方法研究了共轭高聚物链中低浓度掺杂对极化子生成位置的影响。研究发现,掺入杂质与注入电子的先后次序不同,极化子生成的位置会有很大差别,先注入电子后掺入杂质的情况下,在链端自由区与过渡区,极化子生成位置受杂质影响较小;而先杂质后电子的次序下,极化子的生成位置明显受到杂质的控制。该研究表明共轭高聚物链中极化子的生成位置可通过调节掺杂与电荷注入的次序加以控制,从而可达到间接改变载流子迁移率的目的。     

导电聚合物P3MT的荧光光谱

本文报道了导电聚合物P3MT的荧光光谱及其随样品掺杂浓度、激光强度和温度的变化。实验表明在基态非简并的导电聚合物P3MT中可同时存在三种不同的辐射跃迁:电子-空穴的带间直接复合,激子复合以及带边和双极化子能级之间的辐射跃迁。 关键词：     

Conductivity-dependent cathodoluminescence in BaTiO3, SrTiO3 and TiO2

It is reported that similar cathodoluminescence spectra are excited by an electron beam striking BaTiO₃, SrTiO₃ and TiO₂ ceramics at room temperature. The energy location of the luminescence bands does not depend on various doping or reduction treatments. The luminescence intensity increases with the electron beam current as well as with the conduction electron density. The luminescence is interpreted as a fundamental transition of local character in the TiO₆ octahedron; the conduction electrons localized at the Ti sites in polaron states recombine with the 0–2p valence electron defects. The shape and energy location of the luminescence spectra are qualitatively in accordance with an explanation in terms of a configuration coordinate model.     

Dielectric-spectroscopic and a.c. conductivity investigations on copper doped layered Na1.8K0.2Ti3O7 ceramics

Dielectric studies on copper doped derivatives of polycrystalline layered mixed alkali trititanate Na_1.8K_0.2Ti₃O₇ ceramics indicate that the losses are of mixed type and decrease on copper doping. However, the temperature dependent permittivity plots are characteristic of the diffuse nature of a possible ferroelectric phase transition and hence give indication of relaxor ferroelectric behaviour. From the EPR spectra, recorded at room temperature, it can be seen that the substitution of copper occurs at Ti⁴⁺ as preferred site with a divalent oxidation state (Cu²⁺) for all compositions. Also, copper doping enhances the transition temperature, which is indicative of the stabilization of the existing ferroelectric phase up higher temperatures. Besides bolstering electron hopping conduction, acceptor doping restrains the interlayer ionic conduction. Moreover, electron hopping (polaron) conduction is dominant over the lower temperature region, while interlayer ionic conduction prevails in the higher temperature region.     

Conformation changes of polysilanes during the polaron formation

Quantum mechanical studies of polaron formation in oligo[methyl(phenyl)silane] (OMPSi) was performed. The conformations of the neutral, positively and negatively charged OMPSi were optimized by means of B3LYP method. For the evaluation of the substituent effects, the conformation of the unsubstituted oligosilane chain was also calculated. The negative polaron conformation shows a significant stretching of the chain, whereas the positive polaron conformation is shrunk. This fact is associated with changes of electron density distribution. There is also a strong influence of the π-conjugated substituent on the conformation of the negative polaron. On the other hand, the influence of the substituents on the conformation of the positive polaron is small. The absorption spectra of the defect-free and polaron oligomers are discussed.     

A spin polaron in a two-dimensional antiferromagnet: From a local singlet to a complex quasiparticle

We set forth basic theoretical ideas concerning the spin-polaron scenario for charge excitations in a two-dimensional antiferromagnet. A distinctive feature of the approach being developed consists in considering a local polaron (rather than a bare hole) as a zero approximation for the quasiparticle. At the next step, this excitation is dressed in antiferromagnetic spin waves to form a polaron of intermediate (or infinite) radius. The method allows us to continuously describe the transition from zero to finite temperatures and to consider a wide doping range. Our approach accounts for the main results of ARPES experiments in a CuO₂ plane.     

Magnetopolaron state of particles in quantum rings of finite width

The energies of the electron and hole weak-coupling polarons are determined in quantum rings of finite width in a uniform magnetic field. It is shown that polaron corrections exhibit oscillatory behavior as a function of a magnetic field. The effect of polaron corrections on the absorption and emission spectra of light by excitons in a quantum ring is considered.     

Iron-induced magnetic,transport and magnetoresistance behavior in Nd<Subscript>0.67</Subscript>Sr<Subscript>0.33</Subscript>MnO<Subscript>3</Subscript> epitaxial films

The effects of Fe doping on Mn site in the colossal magnetoresistive film, Nd_0.67Sr_0.33MnO₃ have been studied by preparing the series Nd_0.67Sr_0.33Mn_1-xFe_xO₃ (x=0,0.05 and 0.1). Upon doping, no structural changes have been found. However, the Curie temperature, the associated metal-to-insulator transition temperature and the magnetization decrease drastically with Fe doping. The resistivity in the paramagnetic regime for all the samples follows Emin–Holsteins theory of small polaron. The polaron activation energy, W_p and resistivity coefficient, A increase with Fe doping. This effect may be ascribed to the fact that upon Fe doping, the long-range ferromagnetic order is destroyed and, therefore, W_p is enhanced in the system. As compared to the La-based system, Fe doping has a stronger tendency to destabilize the long-range ferromagnetic order in the Nd-based system. Large MR (as high as 90%) observed in the epitaxial NSMFO film may be attributed to the good lattice-matching between the grown film and substrate. PACS 75.47.Gk; 75.47.Lx; 75.70.-i     

Energy levels of the Fröhlich polaron in a spherical quantum dot

The one-phonon variational state is suitably applied to describe the ground state and excited states of the Fröhlich polaron bound to a quantum dot. A general analytical expression for the electronic energy spectra and the polaron binding energy for different electronic subband bound states in a quantum dot is presented and discussed with reference to the parameters of a real solid.     

First principles hybrid functional study of small polarons in doped SrCeO<Subscript>3</Subscript> perovskite: towards computation design of materials with tailored polaron

SrCeO₃ perovskites are promising materials for hydrogen separation membranes. High hydrogen flux in SrCeO₃ is achieved by various elemental doping to increase protonic and electronic conductivity. While the effect of B-site dopants on protonic conductivity is established, the polaronic mechanism induced by B-site cations, which is essential for electronic transport, has been less understood. Using first principles hybrid functional calculations, we investigated the polaron formation and migration in SrCeO₃ perovskites doped with different elements. Our computation results revealed distinctive behaviors of different dopant elements in localizing polarons and explained previous literature results of doping SrCeO₃ for increasing electronic conductivity and hydrogen flux. In addition, new promising dopants are predicted to increase electronic conductivity. The computation approach demonstrated in this study provides a general scheme to design materials with tailored polaron formation and enhanced functional properties.     

共轭高聚物中极化子形成的自洽迭代收敛性

用自洽迭代的方法模拟了一维共轭高聚物链中极化子的形成,得出有机物链的初始晶格位形与自洽迭代收敛性的关系。对于初始晶格位形为键长有规律交错变化的一维晶格,闭链的收敛精度远高于开链的收敛精度,表明有机物链越长收敛越慢。对于闭链,降低晶格的对称性,有利于自洽迭代收敛于极化子。在有机物链中出现杂质的情况下,我们发现杂质所处的位置同收敛性密切相关,当掺杂发生在有机物链的中心附近区域时,自洽迭代单调收敛;而当掺杂发生在其它区域时,收敛过程出现波动性,导致收敛过程变慢。我们的研究表明,一维有机分子链中载流子的生成同初始晶格的位形与分子链所处的环境密切相关,这预示着在更复杂的有机物结构中,可能存在新型的复合载流子。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备Ni_xZn_(1-x)S薄膜的磁性分析

由于离子掺杂可有效改善ZnS薄膜的特性,故本研究以溶胶-凝胶法制备Ni_xZn_(1-x)S薄膜(x=0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15),并利用XRD、PL光谱及磁性测试仪分析Ni掺杂对其磁性的影响.研究结果表明Ni掺杂量x为0.00、0.05、0.10及0.15时薄膜的饱和磁化强度随分别为6.59×10~(-6) emu/cm~3、4.61×10~(-6) emu/cm~3、3.88×10~(-6) emu/cm~3及3.52×10~(-6) emu/cm~3,即饱和磁化强度随x增加而减小. PL分析表明缺陷发光强度随x增加而减弱,能隙发光强度则随之增强,结合束缚极化子理论便知饱和磁化强度会随x增加而减小. XRD分析表示结晶品质随x增加而变好,说明薄膜中的缺陷数量会随x增加而减少,使得磁信号无法通过缺陷方式传导而导致其磁性减弱.     

Short-range polaron correlations in the ferromagnetic La1-xCaxMnO3

We use neutron scattering to demonstrate the presence of lattice polarons and their short-range correlations for several samples of La1-xCaxMnO3 in the Ca doping range 0.15相似文献   

共轭高聚物中极化子形成的自洽迭代收敛性

用自洽迭代的方法模拟了一维共轭高聚物链中极化子的形成,得出有机物链的初始晶格位形与自洽迭代收敛性的关系。对于初始晶格位形为键长有规律交错变化的一维晶格,闭链的收敛精度远高于开链的收敛精度,表明有机物链越长收敛越慢。对于闭链,降低晶格的对称性,有利于自洽迭代收敛于极化子。在有机物链中出现杂质的情况下,我们发现杂质所处的位置同收敛性密切相关,当掺杂发生在有机物链的中心附近区域时,自洽迭代单调收敛;而当掺杂发生在其它区域时,收敛过程出现波动性,导致收敛过程变慢。我们的研究表明,一维有机分子链中载流子的生成同初始晶格的位形与分子链所处的环境密切相关,这预示着在更复杂的有机物结构中,可能存在新型的复合载流子。     

Polaron formation in superconducting cuprates: Evidence from the infrared reflectivity

Il Nuovo Cimento D - Evidence of polaron formation in superconducting cuprates is provided by infrared reflectivity spectra. In the Nd−Ce−Cu−O with T c≈20 K, polaron...     

Magnetic polaron-related optical properties in Ni(Ⅱ)-doped Cd S nanobelts: Implication for spin nanophotonic devices

Emissions by magnetic polarons and spin-coupled d-d transitions in diluted magnetic semiconductors(DMSs)have become a popular research field due to their unusual optical behaviors.In this work,high-quality NiI₂(Ⅱ)-doped CdS nanobelts are synthesized via chemical vapor deposition(CVD),and then characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),x-ray diffraction,x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),and Raman scattering.At low temperatures,the photoluminescence(PL)spectra of the Ni-doped nanobelts demonstrate three peaks near the band edge:the free exciton(FX)peak,the exciton magnetic polaron(EMP)peak out of ferromagnetically coupled spins coupled with FXs,and a small higher-energy peak from the interaction of antiferromagnetic coupled Ni pairs and FXs,called antiferromagnetic magnetic polarons(AMPs).With a higher Ni doping concentration,in addition to the d-d transitions of single Ni ions at 620 nm and 760 nm,two other PL peaks appear at 530 nm and 685 nm,attributed to another EMP emission and the d-d transitions of the antiferromagnetic coupled Ni²⁺-Ni²⁺pair,respectively.Furthermore,single-mode lasing at the first EMP is excited by a femtosecond laser pulse,proving a coherent bosonic lasing of the EMP condensate out of complicated states.These results show that the coupled spins play an important role in forming magnetic polaron and implementing related optical responses.     

Nodal superconductivity and antinodal pseudogap in cuprate superconductors

According to recent experimental findings the leading pairing resides in the nodal (FS arcs) momentum region of hole doped cuprates. The pseudogap is an antinodal feature. A corresponding multiband model of the electronic background evolving with doping serves the usually presented phase diagram. The pairing is due by the pair-transfer between overlapping nodal defect (polaron) band and the itinerant band. A bare gap vanishing with extended doping between the antinodal defect subband and the itinerant band top leads to the formation of the pseudogap as a perturbative band-structure effect. The calculated behaviour of two superconducting gaps and of the pseudogap on the whole doping scale is in qualitative agreement with the observations. Arguments to include cuprates into the class of multiband-multigap superconductors are given by these results.     

Synergistic polaron formation in the Hubbard-Holstein model at small doping

We study the effect of dynamical Holstein phonons on the physics of the Hubbard model at small doping using the dynamical cluster approximation on a 2x2 cluster. Nonlocal antiferromagnetic correlations are found to significantly enhance the electron-phonon coupling, resulting in polaron formation for moderate coupling strengths. At finite doping, the electron-phonon coupling is found to strongly enhance the nonlocal spin correlations, indicating a synergistic interplay between the electron-phonon coupling and antiferromagnetic correlations. Although it enhances the pairing interaction, the electron-phonon coupling is found to decrease the superconducting transition temperature, due to the reduction in the quasiparticle fraction.