αS(KT2) versus αS(K2) in QCD jet development: Some quantitative remarks

Properties of QCD jets for two proposed choices of the variable appearing in the QCD running coupling constant, α_S(K²) or α_S(K_T²) with K_T²=z(1?z)K², have been studied in detail by the use of Monte Carlo techniques. Contrary to expectations based on approximate analytic calculations it is found that when substituting K² with K_T² in α_S the growth with energy of the multiplicity of the quanta is not sensibly altered, and it is even slowed down for extreme values of the non-perturbative cutoff, which delimits the minimum virtual mass of the quanta. It appears, therefore, that the analysis of subleading effects may be totally misleading if phase-space constraints are not taken into account exactly, which is possible to do in Monte Carlo calculations.     

The spin glass-like behaviour of the glassy (Sb2S3)x(SbI3)yFez

Low field magnetic susceptibility of a glassy semiconductor (Sb₂S₃)_x(SbI₃)_yFe_z reveals a spin glass-like behaviour in spite of the sample not being metallic. The critical temperature is observed to depend on the concentration of the iron atoms (T_M = 0.179z^0.76).     

Ferrimagnetism in SmFe2

Magnetization measurements of polycrystalline SmFe₂ are interpreted in terms of a ferrimagnetic coupling between the Sm⁺³ and iron moments. A sign reversal of 〈S_z〉 relative to 〈L_z+S_z〉 is obtained by single-ion crystal-field calculations of the Sm⁺³ moment.     

The Phosphorescence Excitation Spectrum of Jet-Cooled Xanthione in the Region of the T1←S0 and S1←S0 Absorption Transitions

The ³A₂(nπ*)→¹A₁X (T₁→S₀) phosphorescence excitation spectrum of jet-cooled xanthione was investigated in the region 14 920-17 600 cm⁻¹. The structure observed is shown to be due to the T₁←S₀ absorption and an assignment in terms of the vibronic structure of that band is proposed. A previous assignment of the S₁←S₀ origin is considered in detail and the transition involved is shown to be most probably due to absorption of a vibronic triplet state T_1z,ν7. An alternative but tentative assignment of the S_1,0←S_0,0 transition is suggested. Comparison is made with previous spectroscopic and theoretical work on the molecule and its congeners, 4H-pyran-4-thione and 4H-1-benzopyran-4-thione.     

Thermoelectric power of the vitreous electrolyte (AgI)0.79(Ag2O.B2O3)0.21

We have determined the thermoelectric power ? of the high ionic conductivity glass (AgI)_0.79(Ag₂O.B₂O₃)_0.21; ? is negative throughout the investigated T range, 320–500 K. The heat of transport of the mobile Ag⁺, Q_Ag, taken as the slope of the straight line fitting ? versus 1/T, is quite lower than the activation energy obtained from conductivity data, viz. Q_Ag = 2.81 kcal/mole^-1 < E_act = 4.34 kcalmole^-1. To circumvent this discrepancy, the analysis of the experimental data is carried out as follows: (i) it is supposed that Q_Ag = E_act in agreement with the free ion theory for solid electrolytes; (ii) the vibrational part of the silver ion entropy, S(Ag⁺, vib), is assumed to be equal to the entropy of silver, S(Ag); (iii) on the ground of a structural model for this kind of glasses, the ideal configurational entropy of the mobile Ag⁺, S(Ag⁺, conf)_id, is evaluated through a statistical approach. The ideal ionic entropy is defined as S(Ag⁺)_id = {S(Ag⁺, vib) + S(Ag⁺, conf)_id}; (iv) the difference {S(Ag⁺)_exp - S(Ag⁺)_id} is viewed as an excess entropy and is described according to the classical model of the regular solutions.     

Long-lived non-equilibrium population of Fe3+ electronic states after the K-capture of 57Co

Mössbauer emission spectra of a frozen aqueous solution of ⁵⁷CoCl₂ show contributions from the $\text{S}{}_{\mathrm{z}}\text{= +}\text{5}\text{2}$ and the $\text{S}{}_{\mathrm{z}}\text{= +}\text{3}\text{2}$ Zeeman levels of Fe³⁺ ions at T = 4.2 K in H ? 30 kG. The K-capture results in a non-equilibrium state of relaxation time comparable to the lifetime of the nuclear excited state (～ 10^?7 s).     

H nuclear magnetic resonance study of the ferroelastic and superionic phase transitions of (NH4)4LiH3(SO4)4 single crystals

We investigated the temperature dependences of the line shape, spin-lattice relaxation time, T₁, and spin-spin relaxation time, T₂, of the ¹H nuclei in (NH₄)₄LiH₃(SO₄)₄ single crystals. On the basis of the data obtained, we were able to distinguish the “ammonium” and “hydrogen-bond” protons in the crystals. For both the ammonium and hydrogen-bond protons in (NH₄)₄LiH₃(SO₄)₄, the curves of T₁ and T₂ versus temperature changed significantly near the ferroelastic and superionic phase transitions at T_C (=232 K) and T_S (=405 K), respectively. In particular, near T_S, the ¹H signal due to the hydrogen-bond protons abruptly narrowed and the T₂ value for these protons abruptly increased, indicating that these protons play an important role in this superionic phase transition. The marked increase in the T₂ of the hydrogen-bond protons above T_S indicates that the breaking of O-H?O bonds and the formation of new H-bonds with HSO₄^- contribute significantly to the high-temperature conductivity of (NH₄)₄LiH₃(SO₄)₄ crystals.     

Higher-order fine structure of the a4Πu state of O2+

It is shown that the quality of the fit of frequencies for the (4, 4) band of the b⁴Σ_g^?-a⁴Π_u transition of O₂⁺, obtained in an ion-beam experiment, can be significantly improved by the inclusion of a fine structure term of the form L_zS_z³ in the effective Hamiltonian for the a⁴Π_u state, where L_z and S_z are respectively the components of the total orbital and spin angular momenta along the internuclear axis. The various contributions to this term in the Hamiltonian are assessed from a general standpoint by the use of a new order-of-magnitude scheme. The separate contributions to the parameter involved, η, are then considered in detail by means of a perturbation treatment of the spin-orbit and spin-spin interactions through third order. Attempts to interpret the parameter values determined for the a⁴Π_u state of O₂⁺ are severely limited by the present lack of detailed knowledge of the properties of the various electronic states of O₂⁺.     

Polarization of recoil protons from the reaction γp → π0p in the proton energy range 450–800 MeV

Measurement of secondary-proton polarization from the reaction γp → π⁰p have been performed in the proton energy range 500–800 MeV at c.m. pion emission angles 100°, 120°, 140°. The experiment was carried out using an optical spark chamber telescope at the output of the magnetic spectrometer. The obtained experimental data are included in a Walker-type analysis in order to verify the parameters of the resonances P₁₁(1470), D₁₃(1570) and S₁₁(1535). Proton polarization in the reaction γp → π⁰p was measured for a photon energy of 450 MeV at a c.m. pion emission angle of 105° using photons linearly polarized at 45° to the reaction plane. A liquid hydrogen target in the field of a superconducting magnet was used for the separation of the P_x′ and P_z′ components of the secondary-proton polarization vector.Data are obtained for three components (P_x′, P_y, P_z′) of the proton polarization. The obtained results are compared with predictions of different multipole analyses of photoproduction.     

Bound states of 4He

The energies of the bound 0⁺ states of the α-particle are calculated on the basis of four body integral equations with separable ¹S₀ and ³S₁ pair interactions. We find the ground state at z₁ = ?45.73 MeV and an excited o⁺ level is found to be ?11.69 MeV.     

Spin-state transition, magnetic, electrical and thermal transport properties of the perovskite cobalt oxide Gd0.7Sr0.3CoO3

The magnetization, resistivity ρ, thermoelectric power (TEP) S, and thermal conductivity κ in perovskite cobalt oxide Gd_0.7Sr_0.3CoO₃ have been investigated systematically. Based on the temperature dependence of susceptibility χ_g(T) and Seebeck coefficient S(T), a combination of the intermediate-spin (IS) state for Co³⁺ and the low-spin (LS) state for Co⁴⁺ can be suggested. A metal-insulator transition (MIT) caused by the hopping of σ* electrons (localized or delocalized e_g electrons) from the IS Co³⁺ to the LS Co⁴⁺ is observed. Meanwhile, S(T) curve also displays an obvious phonon drag effect. In addition, based on the analysis of the temperature dependence of S(T) and ρ(T), the high-temperature small polaron conduction and the low-temperature variable-range-hopping conduction are suggested, respectively. As to thermal conduction κ(T), rather low κ values in the whole measured temperature range is attributed to unusually large local Jahn-Teller (JT) distortion of Co³⁺O₆ octahedra with IS state.     

Nuclear magnetic relaxation of spin<Emphasis Type="Italic">I</Emphasis>=1/2 scalar coupled to a quadrupolar nucleus in the presence of cross-correlation effects

The rigorous treatment of relaxation for the dipolar-multipolarAX spin system (I=1/2,S>1/2) in the presence of the dipolarI-S coupling, anisotropy chemical shift and quadrupolar interaction ofS spin is proposed. The calculations of the spin evolution under the relaxation Hamiltonian are based on the second-order time-dependent perturbation theory and are carried out in the operator representation. For this task the double commutator identities of the type [[I _±S _z ⁿ ,A _q ^μp ]A _?q ^μp ] and [[I _zS _z ⁿ ,A _q ^μp ]A _?q ^μp. ] are derived. The fist-order differential equations for the evolution of longitudinal two-spin orderI _zS _z ⁿ , z=magnetization ofS spinS _z ⁿ and coherences <I _±S _z ⁿ > in the spin systemIS with scalar coupling between spin 1/2 and quadrupolar spinS>1/2 were obtained. These equations are used to get equations for the evolutions of each component of the multiplet structure of spinI. The imaginary part of the cross-correlation spectral density function and indirect spin-spin coupling Hamiltonian are taken into account. Equations for the longitudinal components of theI spin spectrum in the presence of cross-correlation effects were obtained also. Longitudinal and transverse relaxation times and cross-relaxation times in the presence of cross-correlation D-CSA, Q-CSA, Q-D were analyzed.     

Measurement of the KS0 → π+π−γ decay rate

From a study of 70 000 K° decays in the CERN 2m hydrogen bubble chamber, we have estimated the rate for K_S⁰ → π⁺π^?γ for different cuts in the γ momentum. The results are in good agreement with inner bremsstrahlung on K_S⁰ → π⁺π^?. For γ momentum in the K° c.m. greater than 50 MeV/c, we obtain the branching ratio: Γ(K_S → π⁺π^?γ, k>50 MeV/c)/Γ(K_S→π⁺π^?)=(2.8. ± 0.6)×10^?3. This leads to an estimate for the direct γ emission process: Γ(K_S→π⁺π^?γ direct)/Γ(K_S → π⁺π^?)=(0.3 ± 0.6) × 10^?3.     

On the presence of the S4z-term in Fe(HCOO)2 · 2H2O

The magnetic specific heat of ferrous formate dihydrate is analysed on the basis of a model, $\text{S}{}_{\mathrm{A}}\text{=}\text{1}\text{2}$ and S_B = 2. The experimental result turns out to be well explained by the introduction of a large S⁴_z-term for B site ions.     

Effects of Cr doping in electron-doped manganites La0.9Te0.1MnO3

The effects of Cr doping on Mn sites in the electron-doped manganites La_0.9Te_0.1MnO₃ have been studied by preparing the series La_0.9Te_0.1Mn_1−xCr_xO₃ (0.05≤x≤0.20). Upon Cr doping, both the Curie temperature T_C and magnetization M are suppressed. The resistivity measurements indicate that there exists a weak metal-insulator (M-I) transition for the sample with x=0.05, with an increase in the doping level, the M-I transition disappears and the resistivity increases. Thermopower S(T) exhibits a maximum near T_C for all samples. By fitting the S(T) and ρ(T) curves, it is found that the temperature dependences of both S(T) and ρ(T) in the high temperature paramagnetic (PM) region follow the small polaron conduction (SPC) mechanism for all samples. The fitting parameters obtained imply changes of both the average-hopping distance of the polarons and the polaron concentration with Cr doping in our studied samples. In the case of the thermal conductivity κ(T), the variation of κ(T) is analyzed based on the combined effects due to the suppression of the local Mn³⁺O₆ Jahn-Teller (JT) lattice distortion because of the substitution of Cr³⁺ for Mn³⁺ ions, which results in the increase in κ, and the introduction of the disorder due to Cr-doping, which contributes to the decrease in κ.     

The forgotten 1D2 level of charmonium

The standard “charmonium” picture predicts four C=+1 states (³P₀, ³P₁, ³P₂, 2 ¹S₀) between ψ and ψ′. If these are identified with the four experimentally observed levels, serious difficulties arise. We remark that a ,,forgotten” ¹D₂ level (J^PC=2^?) is likely to be around 3.5 GeV. It may be identified with χ(2.45) or χ(3.50), avoiding the above above difficulties. The 2 ¹S₀ level has then yet to be discovered.     

Ising ferromagnet with biquadratic exchange

A spin one Ising system with biquadratic exchange, is investigated, using Green's function technique in random phase approximation (RPA). Transition temperature T_c and <(S^z)²> at T_c, are found to increase with biquadratic exchange parameter α for sc, bcc and fcc lattices. The variation of <(S^z)²> at T_c with α is found to be the same for the above lattices.     

Electron spin resonance investigation of the structural phase transitions in Alurea6(ClO4)3 and Ga urea6(ClO4)3

Second order structural phase transitions in Alur₆(ClO₄)₃ and Gaur₆(ClO₄)₃ with T_c ～ 300 K are studied by means of ESR on single crystals doped with the analogous Cr(III) compound. The transitions are antiferrodistortive and of the displacive type, the displacements resulting from the condensation of a X₂ mode $\text{(k = (0}\text{1}\text{2}\text{1}\text{2}\text{))}$ of the ClO₄ ions. The ESR parameters have the same temperature dependence as the order parameters and can be described by D and E～φ～. The space group describing the structure changes from S₆² to S₂¹, and the number of domains is multiplied by three. Above 300 K the crystals already consist of two domains, resulting from a ferrodistortive phase transition D_3d⁶ → S₆². The actual transition temperature of the latter phase transition lies at some temperature above the decomposition temperature of the crystals.     

Selective effects of homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions in the system N21-CO

In the system N₂¹-CO, effects arising only from the reactions in the homogeneous phase have been isolated in a reactor with inert walls. After an induction period of 0.13 s, they involve a stationary rate of enhancement of N₂(B³Π_g) and N(⁴S) concentrations according to the reactions N₂(X¹Σ_g⁺)_v¹+CO→ CO(X¹Σ⁺)_v1 + N₂(X¹Σ_g⁺ and CO(X¹Σ⁺)_v1 + N₂(A³Σ_u⁺) → N (⁴S) + N(⁴S) + CO(X¹Σ⁺).In a reactor with active walls, both the above reactions in the homogeneous phase and heterogeneous reactions due to CO adsorbed on the walls are involved according to CO_ads + N₂(X¹Σ_g⁺)_{v1 ads or not} → CO(X¹Σ⁺)_v1 + N₂(X¹Σ_g⁺ and N(⁴S) + N(⁴S) + CO_ads → N₂(X¹Σ_g⁺) + CO(X¹Σ⁺)N(⁴S) + CO_ads → N₂(X¹Σ_g⁺) + CO(X¹Σ⁺). In this case, the rate of enhancement is not stationary. Furthermore, for cylindrical reactors with large diameters, the two types of reaction do not interact and their effects are additive.     

硅中空穴与核的超精细作用及p型硅的核磁弛豫

本文把半导体中载流子和它的原子核的超精细作用(包括非接触项)表达为作用在有效质量波函数上的“准接触作用”。具体对硅中Si²⁹核和价带空穴的这个作用可表达为{S₁(J_xμ_nx+J_yμ_ny+J_zμ_nz)+S₂(J_x³μ_nx+J_y³μ_ny+J_z³μ_nz)}δ(r-r_n),参量S₁、S₂是联系着价带顶的波函数的一些积分;一般地S₂≈0。用它来处理了p型硅中Si²⁹核的核自旋弛豫,得到弛豫时间的表达式;从弛豫时间的实验值估计了S₁的值;还从价带自旋轨道分裂值估计了同一参量。