New Weyl groups forA 1 (1) and characters of singular highest weight modules

We consider singular Verma modules overA ₁ ⁽¹⁾ , i.e., Verma modules for which the central charge is equal to minus the dual Coxeter number. We calculate the characters of certain factor modules of these Verma modules. In one class of cases we are able to prove that these factor modules are actually the irreducible highest modules for those highest weights. We introduce new Weyl groups which are infinitely generated abelian groups and are proper subgroups or isomorphic between themselves. Using these Weyl groups we can rewrite the character formulae obtained in the paper in the form of the classical Weyl character formula for the finite-dimensional irreducible representations of semisimple Lie algebras (respectively Weyl-Kac character formula for the integrable highest weight modules over affine Kac-Moody algebras) so that the new Weyl groups play the role of the usual Weyl group (respectively affine Weyl group).     

On the calculation of group characters

It is known that characters of irreducible representations of finite Lie algebras can be obtained using the Weyl character formula including Weyl group summations which make actual calculations almost impossible except for a few Lie algebras of lower rank. By starting from the Weyl character formula, we show that these characters can be re-expressed without referring to Weyl group summations. Some useful technical points are given in detail for the instructive example of G₂ Lie algebra.     

Unitary positive energy representations of the gauge group

We investigate the positive energy representations (also called highest weight representations) of the gauge groupC (T ^v,G ₀),G ₀ being a compact simple Lie group, and discuss their unitarity, using the technique of Verma modules constructed from generalized loop algebras (a simple generalization of Kac-Moody affine Lie algebras). We show that the unitarity of the representation imposes severa restrictions in it. In particular, we show, as a part of a more general result, that the gauge group does not admit faithful unitary positive energy representations.Allocataire du MRT.     

Infinite-Dimensional Lie Superalgebras and Hook Schur Functions

 Making use of a Howe duality involving the infinite-dimensional Lie superalgebra and the finite-dimensional group GL _l of [CW3] we derive a character formula for a certain class of irreducible quasi-finite representations of in terms of hook Schur functions. We use the reduction procedure of to to derive a character formula for a certain class of level 1 highest weight irreducible representations of, the affine Lie superalgebra associated to the finite-dimensional Lie superalgebra . These modules turn out to form the complete set of integrable -modules of level 1. We also show that the characters of all integrable level 1 highest weight irreducible -modules may be written as a sum of products of hook Schur functions. Received: 6 March 2002 / Accepted: 15 January 2003 Published online: 14 March 2003 RID="*" ID="*" Partially supported by NSC-grant 91-2115-M-002-007 of the R.O.C. RID="**" ID="**" Partially supported by NSC-grant 90-2115-M-006-015 of the R.O.C. Communicated by M. Aizenman     

On the relevance of some constructions of highest weight modules over (super-) Kac-Moody algebras (in connection with a paper by Wakimoto)

We correct and improve results of Wakimoto on the (ir)reducibility of his construction ofA ₁ ⁽¹⁾ highest weight modules (HWM). For a very large class of (super-) Kac-Moody algebras we argue that such a HWM is most relevant when it is isomorphic to a proper factor-module of the corresponding reducible Verma module with the same highest weight. In the same situation we present a general procedure to check the reducibility of the HWM in consideration.     

Unitary representations of the Virasoro and super-Virasoro algebras

It is shown that a method previously given for constructing representations of the Virasoro algebra out of representations of affine Kac-Moody algebras yields the full discrete series of highest weight irreducible representations of the Virasoro algebra. The corresponding method for the super-Virasoro algebras (i.e. the Neveu-Schwarz and Ramond algebras) is described in detail and shown to yield the full discrete series of irreducible highest weight representations.     

Vertex Operators Arising from the Homogeneous Realization for

We use the underlying Fock space for the homogeneous vertex operator representation of the affine Lie algebra to construct a family of vertex operators. As an application, an irreducible module for an extended affine Lie algebra of type A _{N −1} coordinatized by a quantum torus ℂ _q of 2 variables (or 3 variables) is obtained. Moreover, this module turns out to be a highest weight module which is an analog of the basic module for affine Lie algebras. Received: 16 August 1999 / Accepted: 18 January 2000     

Multi-Dimensional Weyl Modules and Symmetric Functions

The Weyl modules in the sense of V. Chari and A. Pressley ([CP]) over the current Lie algebra on an affine variety are studied. We show that local Weyl modules are finite-dimensional and generalize the tensor product decomposition theorem from [CP]. More explicit results are stated for currents on a non-singular affine variety of dimension d with coefficients in the Lie algebra sl_r. The Weyl modules with highest weights proportional to the vector representation one are related to the multi-dimensional analogs of harmonic functions. The dimensions of such local Weyl modules are calculated in the following cases. For d=1 we show that the dimensions are equal to powers of r. For d=2 we show that the dimensions are given by products of the higher Catalan numbers (the usual Catalan numbers for r=2).Acknowledgements This consideration is inspired by discussions with Vyjayanthi Chari at UC Riverside and MSRI. SL thanks V. Chari for the hospitality at UC Riverside. We are also grateful to V. V. Dotsenko, A. N. Kirillov and I. N. Nikokoshev for useful and stimulating discussions.BF is partially supported by the grants RFBR-02-01-01015, RFBR-01-01-00906 and INTAS-00-00055.SL is partially supported by the grants RFBR-02-01-01015, RFBR-01-01-00546 and CRDF RM1-2545-MO-03.     

Finite-Dimensional Half-Integer Weight Modules over Queer Lie Superalgebras

We give a new interpretation of representation theory of the finite-dimensional half-integer weight modules over the queer Lie superalgebra \({\mathfrak{q}(n)}\). It is given in terms of the Brundan’s work on finite-dimensional integer weight \({\mathfrak{q}(n)}\)-modules by means of Lusztig’s canonical basis. Using this viewpoint we compute the characters of the finite-dimensional half-integer weight irreducible modules. For a large class of irreducible modules whose highest weights are of special types (i.e., totally connected or totally disconnected) we derive closed-form character formulas that are reminiscent of the Kac–Wakimoto character formula for basic Lie superalgebras.     

Certain Extensions¶of Vertex Operator Algebras of Affine Type

We generalize Feigin and Miwa's construction of extended vertex operator (super)algebras A _k (sl(2)) for other types of simple Lie algebras. For all the constructed extended vertex operator (super)algebras, irreducible modules are classified, complete reducibility of every module is proved and fusion rules are determined modulo the fusion rules for vertex operator algebras of affine type. Received: 7 March 2000 / Accepted: 10 November 2000     

Simple currents and extensions of vertex operator algebras

We consider how a vertex operator algebra can be extended to an abelian interwining algebra by a family of weak twisted modules which aresimple currents associated with semisimple weight one primary vectors. In the case that the extension is again a vertex operator algebra, the rationality of the extended algebra is discussed. These results are applied to affine Kac-Moody algebras in order to construct all the simple currents explicitly (except forE ₈) and to get various extensions of the vertex operator algebras associated with integrable representations.Supported by NSF grant DMS-9303374 and a research grant from the Committee on Research, UC Santa Cruz.Supported by NSF grant DMS-9401272 and a research grant from the Committee on Research, UC Santa Cruz.     

Modular invariance in N=2 superconformal field theories

The modular invariance properties of two-dimensional N=2 superconformal field theories are studied. It is shown that the character formulae of the central charge c<3 unitary highest weight representation for the untwisted algebras can be written in terms of the string functions and the theta functions of the affine su(2) Kac-Moody algebra. Deriving the modular transformation of the characters we construct the modular invariant partition functions on a torus. The character relation corresponding to the coset space construction of the unitary discrete series in the N=2 algebra is also obtained.     

On Minimal Affinizations of Representations of Quantum Groups

In this paper we study minimal affinizations of representations of quantum groups (generalizations of Kirillov-Reshetikhin modules of quantum affine algebras introduced in [Cha1]). We prove that all minimal affinizations in types A, B, G are special in the sense of monomials. Although this property is not satisfied in general, we also prove an analog property for a large class of minimal affinizations in types C, D, F. As an application, the Frenkel-Mukhin algorithm [FM1] works for these modules. For minimal affinizations of type A, B we prove the thin property (the l-weight spaces are of dimension 1) and a conjecture of [NN1] (already known for type A). The proof of the special property is extended uniformly for more general quantum affinizations of quantum Kac-Moody algebras.     

Affine Kac-Moody algebras and semi-infinite flag manifolds

We study representations of affine Kac-Moody algebras from a geometric point of view. It is shown that Wakimoto modules introduced in [18], which are important in conformal field theory, correspond to certain sheaves on a semi-infinite flag manifold with support on its Schhubert cells. This manifold is equipped with a remarkable semi-infinite structure, which is discussed; in particular, the semi-infinite homology of this manifold is computed. The Cousin-Grothendieck resolution of an invertible sheaf on a semi-infinite flag manifold gives a two-sided resolution of an irreducible representation of an affine algebras, consisting of Wakimoto modules. This is just the BRST complex. As a byproduct we compute the homology of an algebra of currents on the real line with values in a nilpotent Lie algebra.Dedicated to Dmitry Borisovich Fuchs on his 50th birthdayAddress after September 15, 1989: Mathematics Department, Harvard University, Cambrdige, MA 02138, USA     

Quantized affine Lie algebras and diagonalization of braid generators

Let U _q be a quantized affine Lie algebra. It is proven that the universal R-matrix R of U _q satisfies the celebrated conjugation relationR ⁺ =TR withT the usual twist map. As applications, the braid generator is shown to be diagonalizable on arbitrary tensor product modules of integrable irreducible highest weight U _q -module and a spectral decomposition formula for the braid generator is obtained which is the generalization of Reshetikhin and Gould forms to the present affine case. Casimir invariants are constructed and their eigenvalues computed by means of the spectral decomposition formula. As a by-product, an interesting identity is found.     

From Dynkin diagram symmetries to fixed point structures

Any automorphism of the Dynkin diagram of a symmetrizable Kac-Moody algebra g induces an automorphism of g and a mapping between highest weight modules of g. For a large class of such Dynkin diagram automorphisms, we can describe various aspects of these maps in terms of another Kac-Moody algebra, the orbit Lie algebra . In particular, the generating function for the trace of over weight spaces, which we call the twining character of g (with respect to the automorphism), is equal to a character of . The orbit Lie algebras of untwisted affine Lie algebras turn out to be closely related to the fixed point theories that have been introduced in conformal field theory. Orbit Lie algebras and twining characters constitute a crucial step towards solving the fixed point resolution problem in conformal field theory.     

Character formulas for some classes of atypical gl(m+nε)- and p(m)-modules

If p is an arbitrary parabolic subsuperalgebra of g = gl(m + n), p(m), a character formula for the generic finite-dimensional irreducible g-module, such that p is the stabilizer of its lowest weight space, is announced. Furthermore, an estimate for the character of any finite-dimensional irreducible g-module in terms of its highest weight with respect to a distinguished Borel subsuperalgebra is presented (inequality (4)) and a sufficient condition for this to be an equality is found. In this way, two generalizations of the Kac character formula for typical modules are obtained: a formula concerning an arbitrary Borel subsuperalgebra ((1)) and a more effective formula ((3)) for the special case of a distinguished Borel subsuperalgebra. The complete proofs will appear in [14].Partially supported by Contract 911/11.04.88 with the Bulgarian Ministry of Culture, Science, and Education.     

On the fundamental representation of borcherds algebras with one imaginary simple root

Borcherds algebras represent a new class of Lie algebras which have almost all the properties that ordinary Kac-Moody algebras have, but the only major difference is that these generalized Kac-Moody algebras are allowed to have imaginary simple roots. The simplest nontrivial examples one can think of are those where one adds by hand one imaginary simple root to an ordinary Kac-Moody algebra. We study the fundamental representation of this class of examples and prove that an irreducible module is given by the full tensor algebra over some integrable highest weight module of the underlying Kac-Moody algebra. We also comment on possible realizations of these Lie algebras in physics as symmetry algebras in quantum field theory.Supported by Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V.Supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.     

Integrable Highest Weight Modules over Affine Superalgebras and Appell's Function

We classify integrable irreducible highest weight representations of non-twisted affine Lie superalgebras. We give a free field construction in the level 1 case. The analysis of this construction shows, in particular, that in the simplest case of the sℓ (2|1) level 1 affine superalgebra the characters are expressed in terms of the Appell elliptic function. Our results demonstrate that the representation theory of affine Lie superalgebras is quite different from that of affine Lie algebras. Received: 17 April 2000 / Accepted: 7 July 2000