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NiO在USY分子筛、γ-Al2O3及其混合载体上的NO吸附行为和分布规律 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
运用红外技术和高斯函数对红外谱图进行分峰拟合,研究了对NiO在USY分子筛、γ-Al2O3和混合载体上的对NO吸附规律,并推断出不同NiO含量时,Ni2+在这些载体上的分布.结果表明:位于γ-Al2O3表面、USY分子筛SⅡ、SⅠ位和SⅡ位的Ni2+离子吸附NO时,它们的吸附频率分别为1855~1875、1900和1905cm-1.NiO在γ-Al2O3的体相和表面间存在分布平衡,约有75%NiO存在于γ-Al2O3体相中.在USY分子筛上,Ni2+分布于分子筛SⅠ位的趋势远大于SⅡ和SⅡ、SⅠ位.增加NiO含量将增强这种趋势.在混合载体上,Ni2+分布于Al2O3表面的能力大于分布于分子筛的SⅡ和SⅡ、SⅠ位,增加NiO量,分布于γ-Al2O3表面及USY分子筛SⅡ位的Ni2+量显著增加,而分布于分子筛SⅡ、SⅠ位的Ni2+量受其影响较小 相似文献
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CH4,CO2和O2制合成气反应中载体对Ni催化剂抗氧化性能的影响 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
在CH4、CO2 催化氧化制合成气反应中, Ni/Al2O3 催化剂在高温下生成NiAl2O4 尖晶石,是导致催化剂失活的一个重要因素. 通过向载体(Al2O3)中添加各种氧化物, 使得催化剂的抗氧化性能得到改善. 并运用TPR、XRD对催化剂进行表征, 发现催化剂的抗氧化性顺序为: Ni/CaO-Al2O3 > Ni/MgO-Al2O3 > Ni/CeO2-Al2O3 > Ni/La2O3-Al2O3 > Ni/Y2O3-Al2O3 > Ni/TiO2-Al2O3> Ni/Al2O3> Ni/Fe2O3-Al2O3. 相似文献
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甲烷部分氧化制合成气的研究是在Ni/Al2O3催化剂上进行的。结果表明,添加少量的Pt可显著提高甲烷转化率和CO选择性并增加Ni/Al2O3催化剂的稳定性。通过XRD、XPS、TPR和TPD等表征手段发现,Pt-Ni/Al2O3催化剂中形成了Pt-Ni合金,Pt在催化剂表面富集。分析TPR和TPD数据可知,Pt-Ni双金属的相互作用阻止了催化剂的烧结和Ni的流失,提高了催化剂的活性。另外,Pt-Ni的协同作用也抑制了催化剂表面积炭的产生。 相似文献
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稀土氧化物对Ni/α—Al2O3催化甲烷部分氧化制合成气反应的影响 总被引:12,自引:3,他引:12
研究了稀土金属氧化物(La2O3,CeO2,Pr6O11和Nd2O3)对Ni/α-Al2O3催化剂上甲烷部分氧化制合成气反应的影响.X光粉末衍射和活性考察结果表明,稀土氧化物使Ni/α-Al2O3催化剂的稳定性有显著提高.稀土氧化物与活性组份Ni之间的相互作用抑制了催化剂表面Ni晶粒的生长和迁移,由于这种作用也抑制了催化剂表面积炭的生成.在实验中还发现CeO2容易进行Ce3+Ce4+氧化还原反应而对反应具有催化活性. 相似文献
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对镍铜甲烷部分氧化催化剂的制备化学研究表明,在Al2O3、SiO2、MgO、TiO2、Y型分子筛等载体中,具有较好氢溢流功能的Al2O3所担载的镍铜催化剂,有最佳的反应性能,载体的产物溢流功能对反应中合成气的生成是有利的.对于NiO-CuO-Al2O3催化剂,组分Cu的最佳含量是Cu/Al=0.2/4(原子比),Ni/Al(原子比)在1/4-1.5/4范围内催化剂均保持最佳的反应性能,此时,甲烷转化率为98.1%,对CO、H2的选择性分别达97%、100%.制备方法对催化性能影响的结果显示,以(NH4)2CO3为沉淀剂的共沉淀法,是制备NiO-CuO-Al2O3催化剂的最佳方法.NiO-CuO-Al2O3催化剂的甲烷部分氧化性能在400-500℃间有一突跃,并在700℃时达到最佳值;过高的反应气空速对CO、H2的选择性是不利的 相似文献
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运用红外技术和高斯函数对红外谱图进行分峰拟合,研究了对NiO在USY分子筛,γ-Al2O3和混合载体上的对NO吸附规律,并推出不同NiO含量时,Ni^2+在这些载体上的分布,结果表明,位于γ-Al2O3表面,USY分筛SI、S1位和SI位的Ni^2+离子吸附NO时,它们的吸附分别为1855-1875、1900和1905cm^-1,NiO在γ-Al2O3的体相和表面间存在分布平衡,久有75%NiO存 相似文献
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I. E. Castañeda J. G. Gonzalez-Rodriguez J. Colin M. A. Neri-Flores 《Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry》2010,14(7):1145-1152
An investigation about the corrosion resistance of Ni-Al-Fe intermetallic alloys in simulated human body fluid environments
has been carried out using electrochemical techniques. Tested alloys included 57 (wt%) Ni-(20 to 30) Al-(12 to 23) Fe using
the Hank's solution because the high corrosion resistance provided by protective Al2O3 external layer. For comparison, AISI 316L type stainless steel has also been used. Electrochemical techniques included potentiodynamic
polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and electrochemical noise measurements. The different techniques
have shown that these alloys showed a similar or higher corrosion resistance than conventional AISI 316L type stainless steel,
and this corrosion resistance decreased as the Al content in the alloy increased. The alloys were susceptible to pitting type
of corrosion on the interdendritic Ni-rich phases. 相似文献
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Luke C. Olson James W. Ambrosek Kumar Sridharan Mark H. Anderson Todd R. Allen 《Journal of fluorine chemistry》2009,130(1):67-73
Corrosion tests of high temperature alloys, Hastelloy-N, Hastelloy-X, Haynes-230, Inconel-617, and Incoloy-800H were performed in molten fluoride salt, FLiNaK (LiF-NaF-KF:46.5-11.5-42 mol%) with the goal of understanding the corrosion mechanisms and ranking these alloys for their suitability for molten fluoride salt heat exchanger and thermal storage applications. The tests were performed at 850 °C for 500 h in sealed graphite crucibles under an argon cover gas. Corrosion was noted to occur predominantly by dealloying of Cr from the alloys, an effect that was particularly pronounced at the grain boundaries of these alloys. Weight-loss due to corrosion generally correlated with the initial Cr-content of the alloys, and was consistent with the Cr-content measured in the salts after corrosion tests. Two Cr-free alloys, Ni-201 and Nb-1Zr, were also tested. Ni-201, a nearly pure Ni alloy with minor alloying additions, exhibited good resistance to corrosion, whereas Nb-1Zr alloy exhibited extensive corrosion attack. The graphite crucible may have accelerated the corrosion process by promoting the formation of carbide phases on the walls of the test crucibles, but did not alter the basic corrosion mechanism. 相似文献
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铝合金中经常会引入一些第二相来改善其性能,第二相由于和铝基体的电位差不同,将会对铝合金的局部腐蚀产生重大的影响.为了揭示铝合金腐蚀的物理本质,本文利用基于密度泛函理论第一性原理的计算方法,详细计算了铝合金中一些主要第二相(Al_2Cu、Al_3Ti和Al_7Cu_2Fe)的多种晶面的电子功函数,分析了电子从各个晶面逸出的难易,求得了第二相与Al基体的本征电势差,我们发现不同的晶面暴露在合金最外层,会显著地影响本征电势差;即便是同一晶面,暴露在最外层的原子种类和构型不同,对腐蚀的影响也不一样.从电子的层面解释了电偶腐蚀发生的原因. 相似文献
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环氧树脂涂覆LY12铝合金在NaCl溶液中的阻抗模型 总被引:11,自引:1,他引:11
分别研究了裸LY12铝合金及涂覆环氧树脂涂层后合金在3.5%NaCl溶液中的电化学阻抗谱(EIS).结果表明,LY12铝合金在点蚀电位以下阻抗谱上出现两个容抗弧,高频段对应Cl-参与的成膜阻抗,低频段对应铝阳极溶解的电化学反应阻抗.合金发生点蚀后出现低频感抗弧.合金/电极在NaCl溶液中先发生涂层吸水,当水及O2抵达基体后建立起电化学反应界面,合金遭受腐蚀;受涂层阻挡的影响,腐蚀产物的扩散逐渐成为控制步骤;当扩散速度较慢的Cl-抵达涂层/金属界面后,与界面处聚集的腐蚀产物间发生化学反应,完成成膜过程,阻抗谱上出现盐膜的阻抗,而扩散阻抗消失.提出了不同浸泡失效阶段涂层电极体系的阻抗模型. 相似文献
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Chantal K Sudbrack Dieter Isheim Ronald D Noebe Nathan S Jacobson David N Seidman 《Microscopy and microanalysis》2004,10(3):355-365
The influence of W on the temporal evolution of gamma' precipitation toward equilibrium in a model Ni-Al-Cr alloy is investigated by three-dimensional atom-probe (3DAP) microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We report on the alloys Ni-10 Al-8.5 Cr (at.%) and Ni-10 Al-8.5 Cr-2 W (at.%), which were aged isothermally in the gamma + gamma' two-phase field at 1073 K, for times ranging from 0.25 to 264 h. Spheroidal-shaped gamma' precipitates, 5-15 nm diameter, form during quenching from above the solvus temperature in both alloys at a high number density (approximately 1023 m-3). As gamma' precipitates grow with aging at 1073 K, a transition from spheroidal- to cuboidal-shaped precipitates is observed in both alloys. The elemental partitioning and spatially resolved concentration profiles across the gamma' precipitates are obtained as a function of aging time from three-dimensional atom-by-atom reconstructions. Proximity histogram concentration profiles (Hellman et al., 2000) of the quaternary alloy demonstrate that W concentration gradients exist in gamma' precipitates in the as-quenched and 0.25-h aging states, which disappear after 1 h of aging. The diffusion coefficient of W in gamma' is estimated to be 6.2 x 10-20 m2 s-1 at 1073 K. The W addition decreases the coarsening rate constant, and leads to stronger partitioning of Al to gamma' and Cr to gamma. 相似文献
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《Electrochemistry communications》2008,10(1):32-37
Localized corrosion of aluminum alloys is a major issue worldwide and in spite of decades of work, several questions still remain unresolved. In this study we focus on key issues in the context of localized corrosion of Al–Cu–Mg/Al–Mg–Cu alloys that have not been adequately addressed. By careful electrochemical exposure along with high-resolution electron microscopy, we reveal that microstructural features down to a few nanometers in size can behave as unique electrochemical entities. In addition, not only is this critical to emerging damage accumulation models, but we also reveal that significant dissolution can occur at potentials below the breakdown potential of the bulk alloy. This work has potentially wide consequences in the interpretation of Al alloy corrosion and alloys design for corrosion resistance. 相似文献
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Tetsuya Tsuda Susumu Kuwabata Gery R. Stafford Charles L. Hussey 《Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry》2013,17(2):409-417
The electrochemistry of Hf(IV) and the electrodeposition of Al–Hf alloys were examined in the Lewis acidic 66.7–33.3 mol% aluminum chloride-1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride molten salt containing HfCl4. When cyclic staircase voltammetry was carried out at a platinum disk electrode in this melt, the deposition and stripping waves for Al shifted to negative and positive potentials, respectively, suggesting that aluminum stripping is more difficult due to the formation of Al–Hf alloys. Al–Hf alloy electrodeposits containing ~13 at.% Hf were obtained on Cu rotating wire and cylinder electrodes. The Hf content in the Al–Hf alloy deposits depended on the HfCl4 concentration in the melt, the electrodeposition temperature, and the applied current density. The deposits were composed of dense crystals and were completely chloride-free. The chloride-induced pitting corrosion potential of the resulting Al–Hf alloys was approximately +0.30 V against pure aluminum when the Hf content was above 10 at.%. 相似文献
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Aluminum nanoparticles were coated by epoxy polymer in order to prevent the corrosion reaction. The coverage of the epoxy polymer film was controlled from 0% to 100%, which changed the corrosion rate of nanoparticles quantitatively. The surface of the polymer coating was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), and the corrosion resistance of these nanoparticles was estimated by the wet/dry corrosion test on platinum (Pt) plate with a NaCl solution. From a TEM analysis, 10 mass% polymer‐coated Al particles in the synthesis were almost 100% covered on the surface by a polymer film of 10 nm thick. On the other hand, 3 mass% polymer‐coated Al was partially covered by a film. In the AFM–Kelvin force microscopy, the potential around the Al particles had a relatively low value by the polymer coating, which indicated that the conductivity of the Al was isolated from Pt plate by the polymer. Both the corrosion and H2 evolution reaction rates were quantitatively reduced by the mass% of polymer coating. In the case of 10 mass% coated sample, there was very little corrosion of Al nanoparticles. This fact suggested that the electrochemical reaction was suppressed by the polymer coating. Thus, it was found that the corrosion reaction rate of Al nanoparticles could be quantitatively suppressed by the mass% of epoxy coating. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Hypoeutectic aluminum–silicon alloys can have significant improvements in mechanical properties by inducing structural modification
in the normally occurring eutectic. The eutectic modification may affect not only the mechanical properties but also the corrosion
resistance of such alloys. It is well known that structural parameters such as grain size and interdendritic spacing can significantly
affect corrosion resistance of alloys. However, to date, few researches have been performed to experimentally evaluate the
effects of an effective modification of eutectic morphology on surface corrosion behavior of Al–Si alloys. In the present
study, modified and unmodified samples of an Al 9 wt.% Si alloy were solidified under similar solidification conditions, and
after metallographic procedures, the corrosion resistance was analyzed by both the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
technique and the Tafel extrapolation method carried out in a 0.5 M NaCl test solution at 25 °C. The impedance parameters
and corrosion rate were obtained from an equivalent circuit analysis. It was found that the Al-9 wt.% Si alloy casting in
the modified condition tends to have its corrosion resistance decreased when compared to the unmodified alloy. 相似文献