二甲基甲酰胺-二氧六环混合溶剂中KBr,KSCN及KClO_4的电导研究

本文报告了KBr、KSC N、KClO_4和KI在二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)和1,4-二氧六环混合溶剂中的电导测定值、溶剂的粘度和溶液的密度,按Pitts,Fuoss1978和Lee-Wheaton电导方程拟合实验数据得出溶液的无限稀释摩尔电导A_o,离子缔合常数K_α和正负离子间的距离参数R。对三个方程的适用性和溶液中离子-离子-溶剂分子间的相互作用作了初步讨论。     

二甲基甲酰胺中钐盐的电导研究

通过电导测量研究了4种钐盐:Sm(CF3SO3)3,Sm(ClO4)3,Sm(NO3)3,和SmCl3在极性非质子溶剂DMF中的电导性质。利用线性拟合方法求得在25℃下Sm(CF3SO3)3和Sm(ClO4)3的极限摩尔电导率分别为274 5和283 2S·cm2·mol-1。用间接方法求得Sm(NO3)3与SmCl3的极限摩尔电导率分别为299 7,289 8S·cm2·mol-1。在25～65℃温度范围内,Sm(CF3SO3)3和Sm(ClO4)3的电导率随温度呈线性变化。Sm(NO3)3,SmCl3的电导行为表现出明显的离子缔合。     

二甲基甲酰胺中四种钕盐的电导

通过电导测量研究了四种钕盐：Nd(CF3SO3)3、Nd(ClO4)3、Nd(NO3)3和NdCl3在极性非质子溶剂DMF中的电导性质.利用线性拟合方法求得在25 ℃下Nd(CF3SO3)3和Nd(ClO4)3的极限摩尔电导率分别为278.8和 280.7 S•cm2•mol－1.用间接方法求得Nd(NO3)3 与NdCl3 的极限摩尔电导率分别为297.2和287.3 S•cm2 •mol－1.在25～65 ℃温度范围内，Nd(CF3SO3)3和Nd(ClO4)3的电导率随温度呈线性变化. Nd(NO3)3和NdCl3的电导行为表现出明显的离子缔合.     

H2O-C2H5OH-MX(NaCl等)体系中离子缔合和活度

用桥式电路测定了H_2O-C_2H_5OH-NaCl体系的摩尔电导, 并用Lee-Wheaton模型回归出H_2O-C_2H_5OH-NaCl(KCl、CsCl、KBr)体系的离子缔合常数、极限摩尔电导和距离参数, 并求出缔合反应标准自由焓。结果表明离子缔合能力的顺序为Cs~+>K~+>Na~+, Cl~->Br~-, 此四种盐在乙醇中都形成溶剂分开型离子对。并用液上空间气相色谱法测定了水-乙醇-(NaCl、KCl、KBr)体系中溶剂的活度, 用改进的Pitzer-Li公式计算了此体系的活度系数, 计算时考虑了盐在低介电常数溶剂中的离子缔合, 结果表明这种处理是合适的。还表明离子缔合程度随着乙醇浓度上升而加大, 以及盐的存在对水呈盐溶效应而对乙醇呈盐析效应。     

质子型离子液体N,N-二甲基乙醇胺丙酸盐的密度、粘度及电导率

在283.15-333.15 K温度范围内, 测量了质子型离子液体N,N-二甲基乙醇胺丙酸盐(DMEOAP)的密度、粘度及电导率. 讨论了温度对密度、粘度和电导率等物理化学参数的影响. 通过经验和半经验方程得到了该离子液体的热膨胀系数、分子体积、标准摩尔熵及晶格能等热力学性质参数. 由电导率和密度计算出了该离子液体的摩尔电导率. 利用Vogel-Fulcher-Tamman (VFT)方程, 将测量的动力粘度和电导率对温度拟合, 得到了动力粘度和电导率随温度变化方程式.并通过Walden规则, 建立了粘度与摩尔电导率之间的联系.     

希夫碱钴配合物的吸氧热力学及其自氧化作用

本文合成了一个新的双Schiff碱钴配合物,并研究了该配合物在吡啶溶液中的吸氧过程热力学。在4—24℃范围内,吸氧摩尔比为1:1,吸氧过程热力学参数为:△H=-26.8(±0.5)kJ/mol,△S=-89.2(±1.8)J/mol·K。在30—45℃范围内,吸氧摩尔比为2:1,吸氧过程的热力学参数为:△H=-172.6(±9.14)kJ/mol,△S=-517.3(±29.4)J/mol·K。温度超过45℃,自氧化作用变得明显,配合物中苄羟基被氧化为醛基。提出了可能的氧化反应机理。     

在i-PrOH-H2O混合溶剂中硫酸镁离子对缔合热力学研究

50年代,Nair等利用电动势法研究了硫酸镁离子对缔合过程的热力学量,Chand等也对水溶液中硫酸镁离子对的性质做过研究,宋彭生和孙柏对硼酸镁和硼酸钙离子对做了研究,目前,还没有人研究有机溶剂对[MgSO4]^0离子对标准缔合常数Kb的影响,本文在278.15-318.15K温度范围内,测定了无液接电池（A）,（B）的电动热E：Pt,H2(101.325kPa)|(HCl(m1),H2SO4(m2),i-PrOH(x),H2O(1-x)|AgCl-Ag(A) Pt,H2(101.325kPa)|(HCl(m1),MgSO4(m2),i-PrOH(x),H2O(1-x)|AgCl-Ag(B)其中,mi为物质i的质量摩尔浓度,x表示异丙醇i-PrOH在混合溶剂中的摩尔分数,保持x=0.05。利用电池A的电动势,在Debye-Hueckel理论基础上,确定了H2SO4在混合溶剂中的二级标准解离常数K2;利用电池B的电动势,确定了[MgSO4]^0离子在对沸合溶剂中的标准缔合常数KD,根据实验结果计算了离子缔合熵和焓,讨论了异丙醇对KD的影响,指出离子缔合熵是形成离子对的推动力。     

八乙基金属卟啉的轴向配位反应及热力学常数测定

利用微量光谱滴定法研究了八乙基锌、铁、锰卟啉与N,N′-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、二甲基亚砜(DMSO)、吡啶(Py)等碱性溶剂在CH2Cl2中的轴向配位反应。结果表明在给定的溶液中反应生成了五配位或六配位的配合物。测定了在不同温度下(283～298K)配位反应的平衡常数(logβn)以及焓变(△r Hθm)、熵变(△r Sθm)和吉布斯自由能变(△r Gθm)等热力学常数,讨论了配位溶剂、中心金属离子以及温度等对平衡常数和热力学常数的影响。     

介质对配合物稳定性的影响——Ⅱ.Cu(SCN)+—NaNO3—二氧六环—水体系

本文用分光光度法确定了25℃时配阳离子Cu(SCN)~+在NaNO_3—二氧六环—H_2O介质中的稳定常数。溶剂组成变化范围为0,5,10,15和20wt％二氧六环,离子强度范围为0.2～3.0moledm~(-3),溶液的pH=1.5～1.6。本文提出了基于Pitzer方程式的最小二乘多项式逼近法,确定出各种不同组成混合溶剂中配合物的热力学稳定常数。讨论了该常数和一级介质效应与溶剂组成和介电常数的关系。     

CaCl2在甘氨酸+水和丙氨酸+水混合溶剂中的活度系数

利用离子选择性电极(ISE)测定了298.15 K时CaCl2在甘氨酸+水和丙氨酸+水混合溶剂中的活度系数. CaCl2的质量摩尔浓度变化范围为0.01～0.20 mol/kg, 氨基酸的质量摩尔浓度变化范围为0.10～0.40 mol/kg. 用Debye-Hückel扩展方程和Pitzer方程进行理论计算得到的活度系数基本一致. 依据McMillan-Mayer理论, 计算了CaCl2从纯水到氨基酸水溶液的标准转移Gibbs自由能, 利用最小二乘法拟合求得了对相互作用参数(gEA)和盐效应常数(ks). 讨论了这两种氨基酸的加入对CaCl2的活度系数、热力学稳定性及盐效应常数的影响.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.