吸附溶出催化伏安法测定人参中的锗

本文提出了利用吸附溶出催化伏安法测定人参中锗的方法。最佳体系为:2.5×10~(-2)mol/LH_2O_2、2.0×10~(-2)mol/L邻苯二酚、2.0×10~(-3)mol/L H_2SO_4。线性范围为2.0×10~(-9)～2.0×10~(-7)mol/L。当富集时间为4 min时,最低检测浓度为4.0×10~(-10)mol/L。此法己成功地应用于测定人参中的锗。     

溶出伏安法同时测定水中痕量铀和镍

本文报道了同时测定钴和镍的一种方法.在 0.01mol/L NH_3·H_2O-0.01mol/LNH_4Cl-3.0×10~(-5)mol/L安息香缩氨基硫脲(BTSC)溶液中,钴(Ⅱ)和镍(Ⅱ)均产生非常灵敏的还原波,其峰电位分别是:-0.94和-0.75V(vs.SCE),峰电流与钴和镍的浓度分别在2.0×10~(-8)~1.0×10~(-6)和1.0×10~(-8)~8.0×10~(-7)mol/L范围内成直线关系,该方法用于测定水中痕量钴和镍,相对标准偏差分别为1.4~2.0%和2.1~2.5%,回收率分别在98.0%~101.8%和97.9%~102.1%之间.     

半微分伏安法间接测定农药甲基1605的研究

利用半微分阴极扫描伏安法,对农药甲基1605中的游离和易水解的产物对硝基苯酚、总对硝基苯酚的测定进行了研究。发现在室温下,pH6.4的磷酸氢二钠和柠檬酸底液中,在-0.9V处对硝基苯酚有一灵敏对称的还原峰,在3.0×10~(-7)～3.0×10~(-5)mol·dm~(-3)浓度范围内,峰高与浓度有很好的线性关系,其相关系数在0.999以上。检测限为3.0×10~(-5)mol·dm~(-3)。并对实样进行了测定,结果满意。     

Eastman-Kodak AQ膜修饰电极阴极溶出伏安法测定痕量铁

本文用热处理法成功地制备了性能稳定的Eastman-Kodak AQ/GC修饰电极,对Fe~(3+)/Fe~(2+)及其络合阳离子在该电极上的行为进行了研究。表明AQ膜对Fe~(3+)和Fe~(2+)具有相近的交换能力,可用于Fe~(3+)或Fe~(2+)及其总量的阴极溶出伏安法测定。线性范围分别为2.0×10~(-7)～2.2×10~(-5)mol/L(Fe~(3+))和5.0×10~(-7)～2.0×10~(-5)mol/L(Fe~(2+)),检出限为1.0×10~(-7)mol/L(Fe~(3+))。文中对电极反应和再生进行了探讨。     

铜—四（4—甲氧基—3—磺酸苯基）卟啉配合物吸附伏安法的研究

铜-四(4-甲氧基-3-磺酸苯基)卟啉络合物在0.1mol/L KOH溶液中,在-1.25V(vs.SCE)有一灵敏的吸附还原峰,峰高与Cu~(2+)浓度在3.1×10~(-9)～1.5×10~(-7)mol/L范围内呈线性关系。检出限达8×10~(-10)mol/L(富集2min)。本文详细讨论了测定铜的最佳条件,并对试剂及其铜络合物在悬汞电极上的伏安特性和吸附行为作了探讨。此法用于工业硫酸锌盐中微量铜的测定,结果与光度法、原子吸收法一致。     

钴(Ⅱ)-2-(5′-溴-2′-吡啶偶氮)-5-二乙氨基苯酚体系的吸附伏安法

本文研究了钴(Ⅱ)-5-Br-PADAP体系的吸附伏安法。方法的线性范围为1×10~(-9)～5×10~(-7)mol/L。,检测下限为4×10~(-10)mol/L。并将此法应用于人发中痕量钴的测定。     

组氨酸—铜体系吸附伏安法的研究：血清果汁中组氨酸的测定

在pH9.2的硼砂溶液中,组氮酸-铜络合物在-0.36V产生还原峰峰电流与组氨酸浓度在5.0×10~(-9)～1.0×10~(-7)mol/L.内呈线性关系,检测下限为5.0×10~(-10)mol/L。本法可用于血清及天然果汁中组氨酸的测定。     

钒-络蓝黑R络合物在碳糊电极上的阳极吸附伏安法研究及痕量钒的测定

研究了钒-络蓝黑R(EBBR)络合物在碳糊电极上的吸附伏安行为。在pH4.7的0.2mol.L-1HOAc-NaOAc缓冲溶液,于0.4V富集,从0.4~1.4V以300mV.s-1的速率线性扫描。在1.17V(vs.SCE)的二次导数氧化峰电流与钒的浓度在9.0×10-10~6.0×10-8mol.L-1(1.2×10-6mol.L-1EBBR)和6.0×10-8~6×10-7mol.L-1(3.0×10-6mol.L-1EBBR)范围内呈线性关系,富集450s,检出限为4.0×10-10mol.L-1(S/N=3)。该法用于花生仁和自来水样中钒的测定,结果满意。     

硅钼杂多酸示波极谱法测定抗坏血酸

本文研究了硅钼杂多酸与抗坏血酸的反应,发现其产物在示波极谱上于～1.12V(vs.SCE)产生灵敏吸附波,导数波高与抗坏血酸浓度在1×10~(-7)mol/L～4×10~(-5)mol/L有线性关系。检测限为5×10~(-8)mol/L。本法应用于针剂,片剂及柑桔中抗坏血酸的测定,得到满意结果。     

新型电流型传感器——双柱碳纤维微电极

本文报道了双柱碳纤维微电极的研究及应用.分别用循环伏安法,计时电流法考察了该电极的性能,并用实验验证了双柱微电极的稳态电流理论公式,探讨了理论曲线与实验结果偏离的原因.采用发生-收集模式,提出间接测定维生素B_1的方法,并取得了满意的结果,维生素B_1的检测限为1.0×10~(-6)mol·dm~(-3),线性范围为7.5×10~(-6)～7.5×10~(-4)mol·dm~(-3).     

阳极溶出催化伏安法的理论研究 Ⅰ.可逆电极溶出

本文推导了玻璃碳电极上可逆溶出催化过程的理论电流方程、峰电流及峰电势方程,得知溶出催化伏安法所得的峰电流比溶出伏安法的峰电流提高了数十倍,从而进一步提高了溶出伏安法的灵敏度。本文还用碲的溶出催化实验验证理论方程。所得实验结果均与理论方程相吻合。     

阳极溶出催化伏安法的理论研究 Ⅱ.不可逆电极溶出

本文对在玻璃碳电极上不可逆溶出催化的理论进行了研究,推导了溶出催化过程的电流方程,峰电流和峰电势方程,并用微计算机模拟出各种关系曲线,从理论方程得知溶出催化伏安法所得的峰电流比溶出伏安法的峰电流提高了二个数量级。本文还用钯的溶出催化实验验证理论方程,所得的实验结果均与理论方程相吻合。     

A complete numerical simulation of the techniques of alternating current linear sweep and cyclic voltammetry: analysis of a reversible process by conventional and fast Fourier transform methods

We describe the method of achieving the first completely general simulation of ac linear sweep and cyclic voltammetry making use of the fully implicit Richtmyer modification (FIRM) method. The simulation technique is applied to a reversible process under conditions where a sinusoidal waveform of any amplitude is superimposed onto the dc potential which is swept at a finite scan rate. Results, where possible, are compared with the existing theory derived at constant dc potential to confirm the fidelity of the simulation. In particular, we demonstrate excellent agreement with the results of Engblom et al. [J. Electroanal. Chem. xxx (1999) xxx] for large amplitude ac voltammetry described in the companion paper immediately preceding this article. The use of conventional and Fourier transform methods of data analysis are compared to highlight the advantages of the use of the fast Fourier transform algorithm in ac voltammetry.     

Electroanalytical Determination of Morpholine as a Corrosion Inhibitor at a Cathodically Pretreated Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode

An electroanalytical method for the determination of morpholine, a corrosion inhibitor, was developed at a cathodically pretreated boron-doped diamond electrode (BDDE). The voltammetric response of morpholine at the BDDE in 0.1?mol L^?1 KCl (pH 10) shows an irreversible oxidation process at approximately 1.3?V vs. Ag/AgCl in 3.0?mol L^?1 KCl. Using cyclic voltammetry, the number of electrons involved in the morpholine electroxidation mechanism was found to be 1. The application of chronoamperometry showed that the apparent diffusion coefficient (D₀) was 2.99?×?10^?6 cm² s^?1. Using square wave voltammetry under the optimized conditions (frequency of 30.0?Hz, pulse amplitude of 100?mV and step potential of 20?mV at pH 10.0), the developed method provided limits of detection and quantification of 2.1 and 6.9?mg L^?1, respectively, with a linear range from 5.0 to 100.0?mg L^?1 (r?=?0.991). Intraday (n?=?10) and interday (two consecutive day) precision values assessed as the relative standard deviation for solutions containing 30.0, 60.0, and 90.0?mg L^?1 of morpholine were from 0.41 to 5.86% and 0.92 to 3.19%, respectively. The feasibility of the method for the interference-free determination of morpholine was verified by the analysis of synthetic boiler water samples containing CaCO₃, Na₂SO₃, Na₃PO_4, FeCl₃, and humic acid as organic matter. In addition, hydrazine was added as a possible interfering compound because of its widespread use in corrosion inhibition. Recovery values from 90.9 to 109.4% were obtained in the synthetic boiler water, thereby attesting to the accuracy of the method.     

对位叠式循环方波伏安法：Ⅱ.平行催化体系

本文提出平行催化体系的对位叠式循环方波伏安法，并对共作了系统的研究，推导了这一方法的催化电流理论方程，并用验验证这理论的正确性，得到其各脉冲电流皆为同方向，对位叠式循环催化电流相当于将电流叠加４次，而波形不受方波幅度大小的影响，因而灵敏度和分辨率有较大提高，优于其它方波伏安法。     

Iron(III)‐mediated Electrochemical Detection of Levofloxacin in Complex Biological Samples

We report the design of an electrochemical sensor capable of detecting levofloxacin (LEVX) in complex biological samples. This detection strategy is simple, fast, and does not require sample pretreatment or electrode modification. Unlike previously developed electrochemical LEVX sensors that require direct oxidation of LEVX, the sensing mechanism is based on the complexation reactions between LEVX and iron(III), resulting in a concentration‐dependent decrease in the iron(III) reduction peak current and a shift in the peak potential. These changes are presumably attributed to the decrease in the concentration of uncomplexed Fe(III) in the solution. The concentration‐dependent change in both the current and potential can be used for quantification of LEVX in various samples, including 50 % synthetic urine and 25 % synthetic human saliva. The limit of detection was estimated to be in the range of 1.5 to 2.3 μM, concentrations that are much lower than the concentration of LEVX found in urine and saliva samples of patients administered this drug for conditions such as urinary tract infection. With further optimization, this sensing strategy could find applications in clinical pharmacokinetic studies.     

线性扫描伏安法研究司帕沙星的电化学行为

采用线性扫描伏安法和循环伏安法研究司帕沙星的电化学行为。在0.05 mol·L~(-1)硫酸溶液中,司帕沙星于-1.29 V(vs.Ag/AgCl)处产生一灵敏的还原峰,司帕沙星的浓度在1.0×10~(-6)～1.5×10~(-4)mol·L~(-1)范围内与其峰电流呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为2.0×10~(-7)mol·L~(-1)。该法用于司帕沙星片剂的分析,回收率为96.2%～105.0%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为2.4%。试验证实:司帕沙星在电极上产生的峰为具有吸附性的完全不可逆的还原峰。     

微电极研究(Ⅹ)——微盘电极上稳态过程导数伏安法

本文研究了微盘电极上单扫描、一次导教、二次导数及三次导数的稳态扩散电流方程,一次导数的电流峰与扫描速率v成正比,二次导数及三次导数的电流峰分别与v²、v³成正比,从而提高了响应灵敏度,通过它们的波形可以很方便地求得电极反应的标准电极电位,判断反应的可逆性,用碳纤维微盘电极进行了验证,结果与理论方程一致。     

Graphene oxide modified glassy carbon electrode for determination of linagliptin in dosage form,biological fluids,and rats' feces using square wave voltammetry

An applicable square wave anodic adsorptive stripping voltammetric (SWAdASV) technique was utilized for linagliptin determination. A glassy carbon electrode was modified with graphene oxide to increase the electrode reactivity. The method is cheap, accurate, precise, and selective, with a good linearity range and a low detection limit. The proposed method was the first one to determine linagliptin in the feces, which is the main route for excreting the drug from the body. The electrode was characterized using various techniques, including Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and the oxidation mechanism of the drug was examined. The proposed method has a linear range of 9.45–103.96 ng mL^?1. The detection limit was 4.0 ng mL^?1. The modified electrode was employed efficiently to determine the drug in tablet formulations, spiked human urine, plasma, and rats' feces with high recoveries. The proposed method's results were statistically compared with those of another previously published method.     

络合吸附体系叠式循环方波伏安法的理论研究：Ⅰ.受前行化学反应控制

推导出受前行化学反应控制的络合吸附不可逆体系叠式循环方波伏安法的电流方程及其各阶导数卷积方程,研究了各峰电流与诸因素的关系,并推导出峰电势表达式。理论推导与实验结果一致。