Analysis of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography – Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Analysis of polyunsaturated fatty acids using high performance liquid chromatography–atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry is described. The standard fatty acid methyl esters from 16 to 22 carbons were analyzed by LC‐MS with APCI. The effect of orifice voltage and total carbon atoms versus number of double bonds in each homologue on the mass spectra is discussed. The correction coefficients for homologues from saturated fatty acids to hexaenoic acid are also mentioned.     

Nontargeted Screening Using Gas Chromatography–Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Mass Spectrometry: Recent Trends and Emerging Potential

Gas chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC–HRMS) is a powerful nontargeted screening technique that promises to accelerate the identification of environmental pollutants. Currently, most GC–HRMS instruments are equipped with electron ionization (EI), but atmospheric pressure ionization (API) ion sources have attracted renewed interest because: (i) collisional cooling at atmospheric pressure minimizes fragmentation, resulting in an increased yield of molecular ions for elemental composition determination and improved detection limits; (ii) a wide range of sophisticated tandem (ion mobility) mass spectrometers can be easily adapted for operation with GC–API; and (iii) the conditions of an atmospheric pressure ion source can promote structure diagnostic ion–molecule reactions that are otherwise difficult to perform using conventional GC–MS instrumentation. This literature review addresses the merits of GC–API for nontargeted screening while summarizing recent applications using various GC–API techniques. One perceived drawback of GC–API is the paucity of spectral libraries that can be used to guide structure elucidation. Herein, novel data acquisition, deconvolution and spectral prediction tools will be reviewed. With continued development, it is anticipated that API may eventually supplant EI as the de facto GC–MS ion source used to identify unknowns.     

An Examination of the Coordination Chemistry of L2Pt(1,2-DITHIOLENES) Using Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Abstract

Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (APCI–MS) has been utilized in the characterization of two series of platinum dithiolene complexes, (COD)Pt(dt) 1, (COD)–Pt(edt) 2, (COD)Pt(dmid) 3, (COD)Pt(mnt) 4, (COD)Pt(eddo) 5, (COD)Pt(dddt) 6 and (Ph₃P)₂Pt(dt) 7, (Ph₃P)₂Pt(edt) 8, (Ph₃P)₂Pt(dmid) 9, (Ph₃P)₂Pt(dmit) 10, (Ph₃P)₂Pt(mnt) 11 (where COD = 1,5–cyclooctadiene, dt = ethane–1,2–dithiolate, edt = ethylene–1,2–dithiolate, dmid = 1,3–dithiole–2–oxo–4,5–dithiolate, dmit = 1,3–dithiole–2–thione–4,5–dithiolate, mnt = maleonitrile–1,2–dithiolate, eddo = 4–(ethylene–1′,2′–dithiolate)–1,3-dithiole–2–one, and dddt = 5,6–dihydro–1,4–dithiin–2,3–dithiolate). The series that contains triphenylphosphine is labile toward the loss of HPPh₃ ⁺. In addition, an orthometallated species involving the platinum and triphenylphosphine is identified. A dimer is identified for 2, which is shown to be a product of the experiment and not present in the parent material. In addition, a 1:1 adduct with NH₄ ⁺ is identified for 4 and 11 where the NH₄ ⁺ originates from the acid hydrolysis of acetonitrile. Finally, a highly unique ion, Pt⁺, a bare platinum ion, is observed in all COD complexes indicating that a radical mechanism must accompany the decomposition of the COD complexes during the fragmentation process.     

HPLC-APCl（＋）MS／MS分析动物源性食品中的硝基咪唑类药物残留量

运用高效液相色谱-大气压电离串联四极杆质谱（HPLC-APCI（＋）MS／MS）内标法分析动物源性食品中多种硝基咪唑类（nitroimidazoles）药物——甲硝唑（MNZ）、地美硝唑（DMZ）、替硝唑（TNZ）、洛硝唑（RNZ）的含量。样品添加氘代标示物HMMNI—D^3、IPZ—OH—D^3后，用乙腈提取，通过OASIS HLB C18 SPE柱净化，Waters Sunfire C18色谱柱分离，采用梯度洗脱，流动相为0．1％甲酸水溶液和0．1％甲酸乙腈溶液；大气压电离源正离子MRM模式检测：MNZ m／z 172．0／82．1，172．0／128．0；DMZ m／z 142．0／81．1，142．0／96．1；TNZ m／z 248．0／121．0，248．0／93．1；RNZ m／z 201．0／140．0，201．0／110．0；IPZ—OH—D^3m／z189．0／125．0，189．0／171．0；HMMNI—D^3m／z161．0／58．0，161．0／143．1。方法定量下限（LOQ，S／N〉10）0．2μg／kg，在质量浓度0．2—25．0μg/L范围内，峰面积与质量浓度成良好线性（r〉0．9991）。     

Determination of Carbon‐based Engineered Nanoparticles in Marketed Fish by Microwave‐assisted Extraction and Liquid Chromatography‐atmospheric Pressure Photoionization‐tandem Mass Spectrometry

An optimized method for the determination of two major carbon‐based engineered nanoparticles (C₆₀ and C₇₀) in marketed fish samples is described. The method involves the use of microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE) coupled with liquid chromatography ‐ tandem mass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure photoionization (LC‐APPI‐MS/MS). Factors affecting the extraction efficiency of the analytes from fish samples were optimized by a central composite design method. The optimal extraction temperature and time for MAE were found to be 233 °C for 22 min, and the extraction solution was composed of toluene and acetone in a ratio of 4.64:1. The limits of quantitation (LOQs) were 0.1 and 0.05 ng/g for C₆₀ and C₇₀, respectively. The precision for these analytes at two spiked levels, as indicated by relative standard deviations (RSDs), were less than 10% for both intra‐ and inter‐day analysis. Accuracy, expressed as the mean extraction recovery, was between 85 and 98%. The method was further validated based on EU Commission Decision 2002/657/EC, including a decision limit (CCα) and detection capability (CCβ) for marketed fish samples.     

次卟啉及其金属配合物的FAB和APCI质谱

本文报道一些次卟啉及其金属配合物的ＦＡＢ和ＡＰＣＩ质谱，比较两种电离方式所测得的谱图表明，所有化合物的ＡＰＣＩ和ＦＡＢ谱都显示有特征的质子化分子离子峰ＭＨ＋。在ＡＰＣＩＭＳ上的主要碎片离子是脱掉金属离子并加两个氢原子生成ｍ／ｚ５１１离子〔ＭＨ－Ｍｅｔ＋２Ｈ〕＋。而ＦＡＢ谱却形成一系列由边链断裂的碎片离子峰，由羰基的β断裂生成的离子较特征（底物为间－硝基苄醇）。当用二乙醇胺做底物时，观察到分子离子与底物的加成离子。     

Simultaneous Analysis for Quality Control of Traditional Herbal Medicine,Gungha-Tang,Using Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Gungha-tang (GHT), a traditional herbal medicine, consists of nine medicinal herbs (Cnidii Rhizoma, Pinelliae Tuber, Poria Sclerotium, Citri Unshius Pericarpium, Citri Unshius Pericarpium Immaturus, Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, Atracylodis Rhizoma Alba, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, and Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens). It has been used for various diseases caused by phlegm. This study aimed to develop and verify the simultaneous liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analysis method, using nine marker components (liquiritin apioside, neoeriocitrin, narirutin, naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, liquiritigenin, glycyrrhizin, and 6-shogaol) for quality control of GHT. LC–MS/MS analysis was conducted using a Waters TQ-XS system. All marker analytes were separated on a Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C₁₈ column (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.7 μm) using gradient elution with a distilled water solution (containing 5 mM ammonium formate and 0.1% [v/v] formic acid)–acetonitrile mobile phase. LC–MS/MS multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) analysis was carried out in negative and positive ion modes of an electrospray ionization source. The developed LC–MS/MS MRM method was validated by examining the linearity, limits of detection and quantification, recovery, and precision. LOD and LOQ values of nine markers were calculated as 0.02–8.33 ng/mL and 0.05–25.00 ng/mL. The recovery was determined to be 89.00–118.08% and precision was assessed with a coefficient of variation value of 1.74–8.64%. In the established LC–MS/MS MRM method, all markers in GHT samples were detected at 0.003–16.157 mg/g. Information gathered during the development and verification of the LC–MS/MS method will be useful for the quality assessment of GHT and other herbal medicines.     

HPLC-APCI(+)MS/MS分析动物源性食品中的硝基咪唑类药物残留量

运用高效液相色谱-大气压电离串联四极杆质谱(HPLC-APCI( )MS/MS)内标法分析动物源性食品中多种硝基咪唑类(nitroimidazoles)药物——甲硝唑(MNZ)、地美硝唑(DMZ)、替硝唑(TNZ)、洛硝唑(RNZ)的含量。样品添加氘代标示物HMMNI-D3、IPZ-OH-D3后,用乙腈提取,通过OASIS HLB C18SPE柱净化,Waters Sunfire C18色谱柱分离,采用梯度洗脱,流动相为0.1%甲酸水溶液和0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液;大气压电离源正离子MRM模式检测:MNZm/z172.0/82.1,172.0/128.0;DMZm/z142.0/81.1,142.0/96.1;TNZm/z248.0/121.0,248.0/93.1;RNZm/z201.0/140.0,201.0/110.0;IPZ-OH-D3m/z189.0/125.0,189.0/171.0;HMMNI-D3m/z161.0/58.0,161.0/143.1。方法定量下限(LOQ,S/N>10)0.2μg/kg,在质量浓度0.2~25.0μg/L范围内,峰面积与质量浓度成良好线性(r>0.999 1)。     

高效液相色谱-电喷雾质谱同时测定人体尿液中黄蝶呤与异黄蝶呤

建立了高效液相色谱-电喷雾质谱(HPLC-ESI-MS)法同时测定人体尿液中黄蝶呤与异黄蝶呤的分析方法.尿样经离心、过膜后直接进样,采用电喷雾质谱进行定性和定量.结果表明,黄蝶呤与异黄蝶呤含量分别在0.0204～2.04μg/mL和0.0202～ 2.02 μg/mL范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数r2...     

大气压化学萃取电离质谱法用于吡啶类化合物的快速检测

利用大气压化学萃取电离源质谱技术(EAPCI-MS)对吡啶类化合物的电离行为特征进行研究。实验显示,EAPCI-MS技术在常温常压条件下,无需样品预处理和任何辅助化学试剂,在质谱图中能同时检测到吡啶类化合物的质子化分子离子峰[M+H]+和分子离子峰M+·,并具有类似的二级碎裂机理。研究结果表明,EAPCI-MS技术具有不同于传统电离源质谱的裂解方式,同时兼具传统电喷雾电离(ESI)和大气压化学电离(APCI)的特征电离方式和行为,极大地提高了化学检测的选择性,增强了质谱分析的定性能力。该研究为吡啶类化合物的检测和鉴定提供了一种新方法,对吡啶类化合物的快速检测具有重要的应用价值和意义。     

Internal Standard Correction of Results Obtained by Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry

An internal standard system has been developed for a mass spectrometer equipped with an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization source. The system has been used to overcome sensitivity drift problems that are commonly encountered when the spectrometer is used for long-term environmental monitoring. Additionally, the internal standard has been used to correct sensitivity changes induced by the matrix being analyzed. Principal components of the system are a low concentration internal standard source and a flow-delivery system for introducing the standard to the reagent gas delivery stream of the spectrometer. Following an experiment, real-time data are downloaded to a personal computer where internal standard correction and data analysis are performed. Application of the internal standard to the measurement of nicotine and pyridine is demonstrated.     

Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Method for Determination of Protopanaxadiol in Rat Plasma

A simple, rapid and sensitive method for the determination of protopanaxadiol in rat plasma with ginse-noside Rh2 as internal standard was developed and validated. The analyte and internal standard were extracted from plasma with ether-dichloromethane(3:2, volume ratio) and then were analyzed by reversed-phase HPLC on a short Zorbax Extend C18 column(50 mm×2.1 mm, 3.5 μm i. d.) eluted with a mobile phase consisting of acetoni-trile/methanol 0.10 mmol/L ammonium acetate(45:45:10, volume ratio) at 0.4 mL/min....     

表面解吸常压化学电离源的研制及应用

根据表面解吸常压化学电离源(SDAPCI)对表面痕量待测物进行常压解吸化学电离的原理,自行研制了SDAPCI电离源及其与线性离子阱(LTQ)质谱仪的接口,成功地在LTQ上实现了表面解吸常压化学电离。此方法无需样品预处理,直接利用电晕放电产生的H3O 在常压下对待测样品进行表面解吸化学电离,避免了甲醇等有毒试剂的使用。在优化的仪器参数条件下,分别用正/负离子模式成功地检测了片剂药品中的氯雷他定、乙酰氨基酚等活性成分和其它不同表面上TNT、氨基酸和多肽等物质,对这些常见物质的检出限不高于10pg/cm2。采用氩气作为电离试剂,观测到乙酰氨基酚、多肽等物质形成的自由基阳离子,提出了在氩气氛围中获得自由基阳离子的可能机理。实验表明SDAPCI具有灵敏度较高,选择性好,适用范围宽等特点,适合用于药品、食品等非破坏、无污染检测以及对复杂基体物质进行快速现场分析。     

Determination of Organic Acids in Ground Water by Liquid Chromatography/Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization/Mass Spectrometry

ABSTRACT

Current methods of determining organic acids in ground water are labor-intensive, time-consuming and require a large volume of sample (100 milliliter to 1.0 liter). This paper reports a new method developed to determine aliphatic, alicyclic, and aromatic acids in ground water using liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization/mass spectrometry (LC/APCI/MS). This method was shown to be fast (less than 1 hour), effective, and reproducible, requiring only 1.0 mL of ground-water sample. Ground water was pH-adjusted, filtered through 0.45 μm filters and directly injected into the LC. A binary solvent system consisting of 40 mM of aqueous ammonium acetate and methanol and a C18 column were used for chromatographical separation. The APCI was operated under negative ionization mode. Selected ion monitoring (SIM) was used for detection and quantitation of the analytes. This method was applied to the analysis of organic acids in ground-water samples collected from an aquifer contaminated with JP-4 fuel hydrocarbons at Wurtsmith Air Force Base in Oscoda, Michigan. Aromatic acids identified in the contaminated ground water include o-, m-toluic acids (2- and 3-methylbenzoic acids), 2,6-dimethylbenzoic acid, 2,3,5- and 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoic acids and two additional trimethylbenzoic acids with unknown location of methylation. The detection of aromatic acids in groundwater from the KC-135 site provided evidence for in situ microbial degradation of hydrocarbons occurring in the aquifer.     

液相色谱-大气压化学电离质谱法分析人参中的人参皂甙

研究了用反相高效液相色谱-大气压化学电离质谱(HPLC/APCI-MS)分析人参皂甙的方法。液相色谱采用乙腈-水流动相进行梯度洗脱,质谱采用正负离子同时扫描并结合二级质谱进行定性,用选择反应离子模式(SRM)测定检测限。实验发现虽然人参皂甙是热不稳定物质,但在大气压化学电离质谱的高温汽化过程中仍能检测到很强的负离子分子离子峰,而且随着汽化温度的升高,人参皂甙的负离子分子离子峰的强度增加。该方法对人参皂甙Rb1和Rg1的检测限分别为1.2×10-13 g和3.0×10-14 g,并检测出白参中包括丙二酰人参皂甙在内的29种人参皂甙。该法灵敏度高,重复性好,结果准确,能有效地对药材提取物中的多种人参皂甙进行检测和结构分析。     

大气压化学电离-高分辨质谱直接分析食用油中的甘油三酯

建立了食用油中甘油三酯的大气压化学电离-质谱直接分析检测方法.在考察实验条件影响的基础上,选择乙腈作为溶剂,正离子检测模式,进样流速为800 μL/h,喷雾器温度250℃,电晕针电流为5000 nA.用本方法对10种食用油进行分析,结果表明,植物油与动物油之间差异较大.经主成分分析,选择m/z 857.76与m/z 881.76峰强度比作为指标,重复性RSD＜5％,可直接识别出玉米油中掺杂5％的猪油.用碰撞诱导解离(CID)实验初步鉴别了食用油的3个特征峰.利用本方法对泔水油样品和煎炸油样品进行分析,结果泔水油样品中含有植物油和动物油,而煎炸油样品也与商品食用油存在差异.本方法可用于食用油样品的快速筛查.     

表面解吸常压化学电离质谱法快速测定茶叶化学指纹图谱

表面解吸常压化学电离质谱;茶叶;指纹图谱;快速检测     

高效液相色谱-电喷雾质谱联用分析兰索拉唑及其副产物

兰索拉唑(lansoprazole)为新型的抑制胃酸分泌的药物,临床上用于十二指肠溃疡、胃溃疡、返流性食管炎等的治疗,疗效显著,对幽门螺杆菌有抑制作用[1-2]。我们以2-[[[3-甲基-4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-2-吡啶基]甲基]巯基]-1H-苯并咪唑为原料,成功地制得了兰索拉唑(2-[[3-甲基-4-(2,2     

Characterization of Nonpolar Lipids and Selected Steroids by Using Laser-Induced Acoustic Desorption/Chemical Ionization, Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization, and Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Laser-induced acoustic desorption (LIAD) combined with ClMn(H(2)O)(+) chemical ionization (CI) was tested for the analysis of nonpolar lipids and selected steroids in a Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (FT-ICR). The nonpolar lipids studied, cholesterol, 5α-cholestane, cholesta-3,5-diene, squalene, and β-carotene, were found to solely form the desired water replacement product (adduct-H(2)O) with the ClMn(H(2)O)(+) ions. The steroids, androsterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), estrone, estradiol, and estriol, also form abundant adduct-H(2)O ions, but less abundant adduct-2H(2)O ions were also observed. Neither (+)APCI nor (+)ESI can ionize the saturated hydrocarbon lipid, cholestane. APCI successfully ionizes the unsaturated hydrocarbon lipids to form exclusively the intact protonated analytes. However, it causes extensive fragmentation for cholesterol and the steroids. The worst case is cholesterol that does not produce any stable protonated molecules. On the other hand, ESI cannot ionize any of the hydrocarbon analytes, saturated or unsaturated. However, ESI can be used to protonate the oxygen-containing analytes with substantially less fragmentation than for APCI in all cases except for cholesterol and estrone. In conclusion, LIAD/ClMn(H(2)O)(+) chemical ionization is superior over APCI and ESI for the mass spectrometric characterization of underivatized nonpolar lipids and steroids.