熔化前后Pb样品表面微喷射现象研究

利用设计的大量程Asay-F窗技术,从实验上准确诊断了不同加载状态下金属Pb样品表面微喷物质量和密度-速度分布信息,重点阐释了熔化前后金属样品表面微喷特性的异同,并从理论分析的角度解释了该现象产生的物理原因,为研究熔化对金属样品表面微喷射的影响机制奠定了重要基础.     

金属特性对激光诱导击穿光谱最佳实验参数的影响

采用波长为532nm的单脉冲激光诱导两种金属样品铜和锌,产生等离子光谱,固定激光能量40mJ、门宽100ns、光谱仪入射狭缝0.1mm、ICCD增益100等参数,研究金属样品物理化学特性对汇聚透镜焦点到样品表面距离、ICCD采集延迟等最优化实验参数的影响.实验中分别选取铜样品Cu（I）521.82nm和锌样品Zn（I）481.053nm谱线作为LIBS信号,实验测定的透镜焦点在距样品表面不同距离处的LIBS信号强度,结果表明铜和锌样品的聚焦透镜焦点分别在样品表面内距表面的距离为5mm和5.5mm时得到光谱信号强度最大;铜和锌的ICCD探测延时分别为1300ns和1100ns时等离子体光谱信号的信噪比最大并具有可观测的强度,依据铜和锌样品物理化学特性的差异对实验结果进行了合理的分析与讨论,为后续研究金属样品LIBS技术的基底效应、纳米结构增强激光诱导击穿光谱机理提供数据参考.     

熔化状态下锡样品微喷射现象的诊断北大核心CSCD

强冲击熔化状态下,金属样品表面微喷射大幅增加,难以诊断。针对该问题,利用Asay-F窗技术,通过实验诊断,得到了熔化状态下不同表面加工状态锡样品表面微喷射物质的质量、密度、速度和空间分布等信息,分析了表面加工状态对表面喷射物质量及特征的影响。结果发现,对于熔化状态的金属样品,表面粗糙度仍是决定微喷射物质量大小、速度及空间分布的重要因素,且相关特征均呈现随表面粗糙度增大而增大的趋势。研究结果为认识熔化状态下材料的微喷特性及构建物理模型提供了重要数据。     

惰性气体离子注入铝镁尖晶石合成金属纳米颗粒的探索

实验在表面蒸镀了金属(Cu,Au)薄膜的尖晶石(MgAl₂O₄)样品中注入惰性气体离子(Ar,He),随后对注入样品进行了退火处理.在紫外可见光谱上观察到了由于金属纳米颗粒存在引起的较强的表面等离子体共振吸收峰,提供了材料中金属纳米颗粒形成的证据.采用这种方法在材料中引入金属纳米颗粒,发现影响金属纳米颗粒形成的因素除了退火温度外,金属薄膜厚度的影响不可忽略. 关键词： 金属纳米颗粒 离子注入 惰性气体离子 紫外可见光谱     

熔化状态下锡样品微喷射现象的诊断

强冲击熔化状态下,金属样品表面微喷射大幅增加,难以诊断。针对该问题,利用Asay-F窗技术,通过实验诊断,得到了熔化状态下不同表面加工状态锡样品表面微喷射物质的质量、密度、速度和空间分布等信息,分析了表面加工状态对表面喷射物质量及特征的影响。结果发现,对于熔化状态的金属样品,表面粗糙度仍是决定微喷射物质量大小、速度及空间分布的重要因素,且相关特征均呈现随表面粗糙度增大而增大的趋势。研究结果为认识熔化状态下材料的微喷特性及构建物理模型提供了重要数据。     

金刚石镶嵌非晶碳膜表面形貌对场致电子发射的影响

用微波等离子体化学气相沉积设备，在经过不同研磨预处理的金属钼衬底上沉积出了表面形貌有较大差异的金刚石镶嵌非晶碳膜，分别用扫描电子显微镜（ＳＥＭ）、金相显微镜和Ｘ射线衍射谱（ＸＲＤ）以及Ｒａｍａｎ光谱对样品进行了分析测试．研究了各样品的场致电子发射特性，结果发现薄膜表面由大量镶嵌有金刚石小晶粒的非晶碳球组成，在我们的实验范围内，薄膜表面非晶碳球尺寸越小，场致电子发射效果越好     

3ω方法测量各向异性SiC晶体的导热系数

碳化硅晶体具有很高的导热系数，能够在高温下操作，作为有希望用于微电子机械系统的材料，引起了人们的广泛关注。本文使用3ω方法测量了各向异性材料碳化硅晶体三个不同方向的导热系数。在碳化硅晶体样品的表面布置三个位置不同，一定尺度和形状的微型Au金属探测器。每个微型Au金属探测器的温度波动情况包含样品不同方向的热信号。根据谐波...     

小粒子核磁共振研究的新进展

文章介绍了小粒子核磁共振研究的意义，样品的特点，Ｐｔ小粒子的ＮＭＲ谱随分散度，表面处理等变化，Ｐｔ／氧化物小粒子样品的自旋－晶格弛豫呈现Ｋｏｒｒｉｎｇａ机制，而Ｐｔ／沸石小粒子样品出现依赖温度的金属－非金属转变，用小粒子的ＮＭＲ得到局部态密度与表面吸附之间的关系，揭示出催化金属表面的ＬＤＯＳ很可能与多相催化中的“活性位”相联系。不久前对Ｒｈ小粒子的ＮＭＲ研究，得到的谱与尺寸有关而与温度无关。     

扫描隧道显微学研究新进展

本文介绍扫描隧道显微学的最新进展．在技术方面，着重扼要介绍在STM和AFM原理基础上近年来发展起来的各种扫描探针显微镜的原理和应用领域；在STM应用方面，着重介绍近几年在金属半导体表面结构、表面吸附和实用材料、生物样品和表面刻蚀与修饰方面的最新进展．     

金属管件内壁栅极增强等离子体源离子注入的轴向特性研究

栅极增强等离子体源离子注入(GEPSII)一种新的金属管件内壁处理方法，该方法能够均匀地对金属管件内壁进行离子注入，并且能够生成二元金属化合物.在金属管件内轴向放置三块45号钢样品，利用GEPSII方法在金属管件内壁成功生长金黄色氮化钛(TiN)薄膜.结构分析显示TiN主要沿(111)和(200)晶面生长，深度分析显示膜的厚度大约二十几纳米，膜质地均匀且在基底有一定的嵌入深度.电化学腐蚀、硬度、磨擦学分析表明TiN薄膜很好地改善了45号钢的表面性能，并且表现出很高的轴向均匀性. 关键词： 等离子体源离子注入 内表面 氮化钛     

Self-organization in a chromium thin film under laser irradiation

Self-organization of chromium on glass was observed during laser ablation of the metal film with partially overlapping laser pulses. The beam of a nanosecond pulse laser tightly focused to a line was applied to the back-side ablation of the chromium thin film on a glass substrate. While the line ablated with a single laser pulse had sharp edges on both sides with ridges of the melted metal, the use of partially overlapping pulses formed a complicated structure made of the metal remaining from the ridges. Regular structures of ripples were developed in a certain range of laser fluence and pulse overlap. The ripple period could be controlled from 2.5 to 4 μm by variation of the processing parameters. Various experimental techniques were applied to test the structures, and different models of the ripple formation in the thin metal film were considered. The initial quasi-periodical formation started because of dewetting of thin liquid metal films on the glass substrate after its melting. Similar to the evaporation of liquid films, the small perturbation in the ridge thickness was able to induce instability in evaporation of the thin melted metal film. Freezing of the nonequilibrium state between laser pulses was one of the stabilizing factors in self-organization of the metal.     

Dynamic simulation on the temperature field of laser micro-patterning metal in the liquid

To further understand the mechanism of laser electrochemical etching metal, it is necessary to describe the temperature field induced by laser heating metal at the liquid–solid interfaces. For solving the complex problem of laser heating a metal immersed in a liquid, the thermal phenomena adjacent to the metal–liquid interface, which was induced by means of irradiating a stainless steel sample immersed in a liquid with an 808 nm semiconductor laser beam, were numerically investigated. Based on a simplified method to solve the transient explosive boiling when a continuous wave (CW) laser heating a material in a liquid, a commercial finite element analysis (FEA) code (ABAQUS) was used to directly solve and model the transient temperature fields of laser micro-patterning metal in a liquid. As known from simulation results, the simulation of laser scanning indicates that it realizes the effect of pulse laser heating owing to laser moving and liquid cooling. Moreover, laser scanning achieves the pattern at a high resolution. At the same time, the experiment phenomena also proved that the simulation results were reasonable.     

激光驱动飞片加速特征分析

在激光驱动飞片研究中,飞片的加速特征是需要认识的关键问题之一。设计了强激光作用金属膜驱动飞片实验,采用聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）压电薄膜测量了飞片到达不同距离的时间,计算得到飞片速度和加速度,分析激光能量对飞片加速性能的影响。基于Gurney能理论,建立了激光驱动飞片速度的计算模型,根据实验结果获得了激光能量损失系数和有效吸收系数,分析了激光能量和膜体厚度对飞片速度的影响。实验结果表明:不同激光能量下飞片的加速特征基本相似,激光能量变化对飞片的加速时间影响较小; 激光能量较大的情况下,膜体厚度对飞片最大速度、能量耦合系数的影响更显著; 当膜体超过一定厚度时,能量耦合系数不再增加。     

脉冲放电金属蒸气激光

评述了脉冲放电激励的金属蒸气激光的发展历程和现状，根据激光发射过程，分别阐述了自终止跃迁激光和碰撞辐射复合激光的机理，报道了作者课题组最近在相关领域研究取得的新进展：包括共振－亚稳跃迁激光和复合激光的交替振荡现象，不同介质多谱线激光同时振荡现象以及碱土金属卤化物多谱线激光的实现和新发现的M－M跃迁激光。     

Flattening of sheet metal by laser forming

Laser forming is a thermal process for deformation of sheet metal by thermal stress. In this paper, the technique of laser forming is applied to flatten a protruded distortion on the sheet metal, and the mechanism of flattening is investigated experimentally. The protrusion of some height is intentionally produced by pressing a steel ball on a flat sheet metal. The laser beam was irradiated at the area of distortion, and as a result, the protrusion disappeared and an almost flat sheet metal could be obtained.     

Nanoparticle formation during laser ablation of solids in liquids

The experimental data on the generation of metal and semiconductor nanoparticles during their laser ablation in liquids is reviewed. The dependence of the morphology of noble metal nanoparticles on the liquid type and laser parameters is discussed. The data on the kinetics of the formation of alloyed Au-Ag nanoparticles under laser irradiation of a mixture of colloid solutions of individual nanoparticles are presented. The effect of femtosecond laser beam self-action during metal ablation in liquids via the second harmonic generation at Ag nanoclusters is discussed. The data on the generation of core-shell nanoparticles during laser ablation of alloys and in the presence of the chemical interaction of formed nanoparticles with surrounding liquid are presented. It was shown that laser ablation of CdS and ZnSe crystals leads to the formation of quantum dots of these semiconductors in solution. The parameters controlling the properties of nanoparticles during ablation in liquids and possible applications of the method are discussed.     

Removal of doped poly(methylmetacrylate) from tungsten and titanium substrates by femto- and nanosecond laser cleaning

The influence of different laser pulse lengths on the removal of a polymer layer from metal substrates was investigated. As model systems, doped poly(methylmetacrylate) (PMMA) on titanium and tungsten substrates were selected.The ablation threshold and irradiation spot morphology of titanium and tungsten were compared for femtosecond (fs) and nanosecond (ns) laser irradiation and different pulse numbers. Nanosecond laser treatment resulted in a non-homogeneous surface morphology for both titanium and tungsten substrates. Femtosecond irradiation of tungsten revealed a homogeneous ablation spot with little changes in the surface morphology. For titanium, the formation of columnar structures within the irradiation spot was observed.Two different dopant concentrations were used for PMMA to achieve an equal linear absorption coefficient for the femto- and nanosecond laser wavelengths of 790 and 1064 nm. The best results were achieved for the removal of doped PMMA by femtosecond laser irradiation, where only a minimal modification of the metal surface was detected. In the case of nanosecond laser exposure, a pronounced change of the structure was observed, suggesting that damage-free cleaning of the selected metal may only be possible using femtosecond laser pulses. Different experimental parameters, such as laser fluence, pulse repetition rate and sample speed were also investigated to optimize the cleaning quality of doped PMMA from tungsten substrates with femtosecond laser pulses.     

Laser-induced fabrication of randomly distributed nanostructures in fused silica surfaces

The nanostructuring of dielectrics is a big challenge for laser patterning methods. In this study a novel laser structuring method for the fabrication of randomly distributed nanostructures, called laser-induced front side etching using in situ pre-structured metal layers (IPSM-LIFE), is presented. The pulsed laser irradiation of a thin metal film deposited onto a dielectric substrate with fluences below the ablation threshold results in the formation of randomly distributed metal structures by self-assembly processes. Further pulsed laser irradiation of these metal structures with higher or equal laser fluences causes the formation of complex patterns at the surface of the dielectric due to localized ablation and melting processes of the dielectric surface induced by the absorption of the laser energy by the metal structures and the local energy transfer into the dielectric surface. The pattern formation observed in the film and the dielectrics substrate after irradiation of 10 nm chromium layers on fused silica, with laser pulses (Δt _p =25 ns, λ=248 nm), was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Different features with a lateral size down to a few tens of nanometers, like concentric ring patterns, donut-like structures, and bar patterns were observed at the dielectric.     

激光加热金属板流固耦合数值模拟

 数值模拟研究了气流和激光辐照双重作用下的金属平板温度场。流体控制方程为3维雷诺平均N-S方程,固体控制方程为能量方程,湍流粘性系数求解使用k-ε两方程模型。采用流固耦合计算方法,使用动网格模型模拟气流的“冲刷效应”,较完整地模拟了激光辐照金属材料的物理变化过程,计算得到金属平板的温度分布及流场分布。结果表明:在较低气流速度及激光功率下,气流的冷却效应占主导地位;当气流速度和激光功率上升到一定程度后,气流的“冲刷效应”和冷却效应共同决定金属平板的温度分布。     

Development of irradiation strategies for free curve laser forming

Although forming sheet metal by laser-induced thermal stresses (laser forming) has been extensively studied, the research has mainly focused on a single angle forming process. The task of free curve laser forming of sheet metal is to determine a set of process parameters such as laser scanning paths, laser power and scanning speed that will make a given shape. Two methods were used for generating the laser scanning paths and the bending angles of each path. Each method was analyzed by computer simulation and the two methods were compared. Experiments verified the applicability of the proposed methods.