水相识别分子印迹技术

在各种基于超分子方法的仿生识别体系中,分子印迹聚合物已经证明是一种有潜力的合成受体,受到了广泛的关注。传统的分子印迹技术通常是在有机溶剂中制备对小分子具有选择性的印迹聚合物,而在水相中制备及识别生物大分子的研究仍具有相当的挑战性。从小分子到生物大分子、从有机相到水相,反映了分子印迹技术的发展趋势。本文对最近几年分子印迹在水相制备与识别方面的最新进展进行了总结与评述,探讨了水相识别印迹聚合物的设计策略与制备方法;着重介绍了水相识别技术在固相萃取、色谱固定相、药物控释、中药有效成份提取以及生物分子识别等方面的应用;指出了提高水相识别选择性的途径并对其将来的发展进行了建议与展望。     

分子印迹技术在蛋白质识别中的应用进展

分子印迹技术是一种制备具有分子识别能力的聚合物的有效技术,已经广泛应用于制备对小分子具有选择性的分子印迹聚合物,但制备能够特异性识别生物大分子--蛋白质的分子印迹聚合物的研究仍然具有挑战性。本文讨论了制备蛋白质分子印迹聚合物的难点,评述了目前印迹蛋白质的方法及各自的优缺点,展望了蛋白质印迹技术的发展趋势。     

表面分子印迹材料的制备及在生物分子分离分析中的应用

表面分子印迹技术是一种新型的分子印迹技术,其解决了传统印迹方法得到的印迹聚合物模板结合位点少、洗脱困难、色谱性能和机械性能差等问题。表面分子印迹聚合物(SMIPs)以其稳定性好、特异性高及实用性强的特点,近年来在生物分子分离分析中的应用引起人们的关注。本文介绍了SMIPs的制备方法,比较了不同方法的优缺点,并对其在生物大分子、生物小分子及微生物分子分离分析中的应用进行了综述。     

分子印迹技术在生物大分子分离识别中的应用

分子印迹技术是近些年发展起来的模拟抗体-抗原相互作用原理的新技术。该文介绍了分子印迹技术的产生和发展,重点介绍了生物大分子印迹聚合物的制备条件、聚合方法及其识别机理,并对该技术的应用前景及目前存在的问题进行了探讨。     

金属离子印迹技术研究进展

作为分子印迹技术的一个重要发展方向,金属离子印迹技术的发展对于环境、生命和材料科学等领域具有重要的学术和应用价值。与金属离子有关的印迹技术属于分子印迹技术中的前沿内容,其中有两方面尤其值得关注,一是以金属离子作为模板的离子印迹技术,另一是利用金属离子与生物分子的配位作用促进和实现生物大分子的分子印迹技术。本文对近年来国内外有关金属离子的分子印迹技术进展作了介绍和综述,并对该领域目前存在的问题进行了分析和展望。     

生物大分子印迹聚合物研究进展及其应用

介绍了生物大分子印迹技术及其印迹聚合物的研究进展,其中包括对蛋白质、核酸、微生物细胞进行分子印迹所采用的印迹方法、机理以及存在的问题,最后简要探讨了生物大分子印迹聚合物在医学研究中的应用前景。     

生物大分子印迹传感器研究进展

分子印迹传感器在有机小分子分析检测方面的应用已趋近成熟,在生物大分子检测方面的应用近年来也逐渐增多.本文就近年来分子印迹技术在大分子生物传感器中的构建及应用进行综述,包括光学传感器、电化学传感器、质量型传感器等,并对目前分子印迹传感器在生物大分子检测方面存在的问题进行分析,对生物大分子印迹传感器的未来发展方向提出展望.     

分子印迹-仿生传感器的研究进展

分子印迹技术是制备具有选择性分子识别能力聚合物(分子印迹聚合物)的新兴化学合成技术。分子印迹聚合物的一个重要应用是在生物传感器中取代生物分子作为识别元件,研制耐受性强、低成本的分子印迹仿生传感器。综述了分子印迹技术的基本原理及其在仿生传感器方面的应用研究现状,并对分子印迹仿生传感器的发展前景进行了评述。引用文献24篇。     

蛋白质分子印迹

分子印迹技术是一种新型的高效分离技术，具有空间选择性识别特性。本文介绍了分子印迹技术在蛋白质大分子上的应用和发展，包括蛋白质分子印迹选用的单体和交联剂、印迹方法、印迹机理、蛋白质分子印迹技术的应用以及存在的一些问题。     

分子印迹荧光传感构建及应用

构建一个高灵敏、高选择性检测痕量分析物的传感器广受科研工作者关注。分子印迹技术由于具有高选择性识别、高容量吸附、快速结合、热稳定性以及低成本等优点,已广泛应用于传感构建领域。以分子印迹聚合物为识别单元,结合荧光传感技术所构建的分子印迹荧光传感器在环境污染物痕量检测方面成为研究重点。本文主要介绍分子印迹聚合物的制备方法,总结分子印迹荧光传感器的构建机理和分子印迹荧光传感器在金属离子、有机小分子以及生物大分子检测方面的应用。重点探讨分子印迹传感器在不同数量的荧光团下检测一种或多种目标分析物的方法,包括单一荧光团检测单一目标物、比率荧光检测单一目标物以及分子印迹荧光传感的多元检测。基于以上分析和总结,提出分子印迹荧光传感器的当前挑战和发展前景。     

Cost‐effective imprinting combining macromolecular crowding and a dummy template for the fast purification of punicalagin from pomegranate husk extract

The combination of molecular crowding and virtual imprinting was employed to develop a cost‐effective method to prepare molecularly imprinted polymers. By using linear polymer polystyrene as a macromolecular crowding agent, an imprinted polymer recognizable to punicalagin had been successfully synthesized with punicalin as the dummy template. The resulting punicalin‐imprinted polymer presented a remarkable selectivity to punicalagin with an imprinting factor of 3.17 even at extremely low consumption of the template (template/monomer ratio of 1:782). In contrast, the imprinted polymer synthesized without crowding agent, did not show any imprinting effect at so low template amount. The imprinted polymers made by combination of molecular crowding and virtual imprinting can be utilized for the fast separation of punicalagin from pomegranate husk extract after optimizing the protocol of solid‐phase extraction with the recovery of 85.3 ± 1.2%.     

Recognition characteristics of dibenzofuran by molecularly imprinted polymers made of common polymers

Dibenzofuran (DBF) recognition was studied by a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) made of commercially available polymers: polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polysulfone, polystyrene, and polyacrylonitrile. Preparation of MIPs was carried out by phase inversion of the polymer. Respective polymer solutions were coagulated with DBF template in water (non-solvent). In addition, reference polymers without the template were prepared in same manner as unimprinted polymers. After the DBF template was extracted from the solidified polymers by washing with methanol (MeOH), recognition experiments of DBF by the imprinted polymers were carried out for DBF in MeOH solutions. Equilibrium constants for DBF were calculated from saturation binding kinetics. Equilibrium experiment results reveal that recognition was effective for DBF binding to the DBF-imprinted polymer, especially for the imprinted PVC.     

Pending templates imprinted polymers—hypothesis,synthesis, adsorption,and chromatographic properties

This is the first time when protein‐imprinted polymers are prepared with “pending templates.” The polymers were synthesized in the presence of a real sample (chicken egg white), rather than any known commercial proteins. Compared with a simultaneously synthesized nonimprinted control polymer, the polymers show higher adsorption capacity for abundant components (as “pending templates”) in the original sample. Chromatography experiments indicated that the columns made of the imprinted polymers could retain abundant species (imprinted) and separate them from those not imprinted. Thus, the sample could be split into dimidiate subfractions with reduced complexities. “Pending template imprinting” suggests a new way to investigate molecular imprinting, especially to dissect, simplify, and analyze complicated samples through a series of polymers just imprinted by the samples per se.     

蛋白质分子印迹聚合物研究

分子识别现象在生命过程中扮演着极其重要的角色,对此进行研究和探索是化学和生物学领域的核心课题,制备具有分子识别能力的人工受体是对该领域科学工作者的一个持久挑战．为此,相关研究人员进行了多方努力,创造性地发展了许多崭新的方法和手段,其中的分子印迹聚合物制备技术就是这些方法和手段中的一种.     

Adaptation of the molecular imprinted polymers towards polar environment

A new simple method for the post-polymerisation treatment of molecularly imprinted polymers was proposed. A layer of mineral oil was deposited onto the surface of the polymer in order to create a hydrophobic environment in the binding sites and to improve the recognition properties of the polymer in polar solvents. The testing of polymers performed in acetonitrile showed that the modified polymers possessed significantly increased selectivity as compared with non-treated ones. The three-fold improvement of recognition of the template (cocaine) was achieved; the same time, for non-specific molecule (morphine) the improvement was only 1.3 times. The investigation of the stability of mineral oil coating on the polymer surface suggested that the effect produced is stable over a long period of time. This approach could be used to broaden the range of experimental conditions where molecularly imprinted polymers can perform successfully.     

新型功能单体分子印迹聚合物的研究进展

分子印迹聚合物是近年发展起来的新型重要分子识别材料,功能单体是其识别性能最重要的影响因素之一,因此,对新型功能单体分子印迹聚合物的研究越来越受重视.基于分子印迹聚合物在固相萃取、色谱柱分离、传感器等方面的应用,对新型功能单体分子印迹聚合物的研究进展进行了综述.     

Preparation of molecularly imprinted polymers with thiourea group for phosphate

Molecularly imprinted polymers selective for phosphate were prepared with the two types of functional monomers, 1-allyl-2-thiourea and N-methyl-N′-(4-vinylphenyl)-thiourea, and the binding abilities of the polymers were evaluated. Phenylphosphonic acid or diphenyl phosphate were used as the template molecules and the imprinted polymers prepared with 1-allyl-2-thiourea as functional monomer showed high binding ability to phosphate in aqueous media and nearly 90% of phosphate could be recovered. Also, the imprinted polymer prepared with N-methyl-N′-(4-vinylphenyl)-thiourea as functional monomer had a high binding ability and specific interaction with phosphate in acetonitrile solution and over 90% of phosphate-derivatives could be recovered selectively.     

分子烙印聚合物作为高效毛细管电泳添加剂的研究

分子洛印聚合物（molecular imprinted polymer)是一种高选择的有分子记忆效应的主体分子,通常在非极性环境中制备和应用。该文在极性溶剂中利用离子化作用和疏水作用制备了非共价的分子烙印聚合物,并将其作为高效毛细管电泳流动相添加剂;在含水缓冲溶液条件下,研究了单体种类、分子烙印聚合物颗粒度和含量、缓冲溶液pH值以及分离电压对分子烙印聚合物识别模板分子的影响。结果证明了在质子溶剂中制备和应用非共价分子烙印聚合物是可行的。     

Binding characteristics of molecularly imprinted polymers based on fungicides in hydroalcoholic media

An iprodione‐imprinted polymer was prepared by copolymerization of methacrylamide and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate using a noncovalent imprinting approach. Methacrylamide was chosen using molecular dynamics simulations. To concentrate iprodione from hydro‐alcoholic solutions, batch sorption of iprodione on the imprinted polymer were conducted. The equilibrium time for iprodione sorption is 20 min, and the corresponding kinetic mechanism follows the pseudo‐second order indicating a strong interaction between iprodione and the imprinted polymer. Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin–Radushkevich models were used to fit the isotherm of iprodione sorption. The imprinted polymer was found to be more efficient than the nonimprinted polymer for the uptake of iprodione, as revealed by its higher adsorption energy, affinity, and capacity. Finally, a selectivity study was conducted on the imprinted and the nonimprinted polymers to sorb three fungicides. It shows that the imprinted polymer could be used as a preconcentration phase in a multiresidue analysis of fungicides in hydroalcoholic medium.     

Selective recognition of ovalbumin using a molecularly imprinted polymer

Micro-contact imprinting has been used to form thin-film molecular imprints of ovalbumin (OVA) in polymers supported on glass slides. Thermocalorimetric data was used to optimise the choice of functional monomer and cross-linker to maximise selectivity and minimise non-specific recognition.A polymer comprising polyethyleneglycol 400 dimethacrylate (95 vol.%) and methacrylic acid (5 vol.%) showed both maximum recognition for OVA when made as a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP), and minimal recognition when made as a non-imprinted, i.e. control polymer. OVA rebinding to the molecularly imprinted polymer, from a buffered 2 µM OVA solution, was 1.55 × 10^{− 11} mol cm^{− 2}, while the control polymer showed 10-fold less re-binding, i.e. 0.154 × 10^{− 11} mol cm^{− 2}.Experiments in which human serum albumin (HSA), conalbumin, ovomucoid or lysozyme, were re-bound to the polymers, either as single proteins or in competition with OVA, showed them to have low affinity for the polymer formulation used. Of the competing proteins examined, in non-competitive binding experiments, HSA showed the greatest affinity 0.45 × 10^{− 11} mol cm^{− 2} for the OVA imprinted polymer. In two protein competition experiments, i.e. with OVA and a competing protein present at equal concentrations (2 µM), OVA binding to the OVA imprinted polymer was in all cases significantly greater than that of the competitor.