The cryogenic control system of BEPCⅡ

A superconducting cryogenic system has been designed and deployed in the Beijing Electron-Positron Collider Upgrade Project (BEPCⅡ). The system consists of a Siemens PLC (S7-PLC, Programmable Logic Controller) for the compressor control, an Allen Bradley (AB) PLC for the cryogenic equipments, and the Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) that integrates the PLCs. The system fully automates the superconducting cryogenic control with process control, PID (Proportional-Integral-Differential) control loops, real-time data access and data storage, alarm handler and human machine interface. It is capable of automatic recovery as well. This paper describes the BEPCⅡ cryogenic control system, data communication between S7-PLC and EPICS Input/Output Controllers (IOCs), and the integration of the flow control, the low level interlock, the AB-PLC, and EPICS.     

Fabrication of the high power input coupler for BEPCⅡ superconducting cavities

The BEPCII storage ring adopts two 500 MHz superconducting cavities (SCC). Each one is equipped with a 500 MHz input power coupler. The coupler is to feed 150 kW power in continuous wave (CW) mode with both standing and traveling wave modes. Due to high power feeding and high frequency of the coupler, its fabrication is a big challenge. The fabrication started with two key components,the window and the antenna. Up to now, two sets including windows and antennas have been made by IHEP. And a 270 kW RF power in CW has passed through the coupler during the high power test. The fabrication details are presented in this paper.     

Current leads for superconducting magnets of ADS injector Ⅰ

In an ADS injector Ⅰ, there are five superconducting magnets in each cryomodule. Each superconducting magnet contains a solenoid magnet, a horizontal dipole corrector (HDC), and a vertical dipole corrector (VDC). Six current leads will be required to power the electrical circuits, from room temperature to the 2.1 K liquid helium bath: two leads carry 100 A current for the solenoid magnet while the other four carry 12 A for the HDC and the VDC. This paper presents the principle of current lead optimization, which includes the cooling methods, the choice of material and structure, and the issues for current lead integration.     

Field measurement for superconducting magnets of ADS injector Ⅰ

A superconducting magnet prototype for Accelerator Driven Sub-critical System Injection-Ⅰ had been designed and fabricated, and tested in a new made vertical Dewar in November 2012. Batch magnet production was processed after some major revision from the magnet prototype, they include: removing off the perm-alloy shield, extending the iron yoke, using thin superconducting wire, etc. The first one of the batch magnets was tested in the vertical Dewar at the Harbin Institute of Technologyin in September 2013. A field measurement was carried out at the same time by the measurement platform that was seated on the top of the vertical Dewar,the measurement results met the design requirements. This paper will present the field measurement system design, measurement results and discussion on the residual field from the persistent current effect.     

BEPCⅡ控制系统

北京正负电子对撞机重大改造工程BEPCⅡ于2001年启动. BEPCⅡ采用双环交叉角对撞方案,使用微包络函数(micro-β)和多束团对撞以提高亮度. 先进的低温超导技术将用于对撞机的设计中. BEPCⅡ控制系统采用分布式体系结构和系统集成工具EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)进行开发. 控制系统的设计采用了国际先进技术. 目前系统正在建造之中, 主要系统完成了软硬件开发和实验室调试, 于2006年3月进入现场安装.预计BEPCⅡ储存环2006年10月可以开始带束流调试. 本文将介绍BEPCⅡ控制系统及其进展.     

A tuning system for BEPCⅡ

The tuning system plays a very important role when a superconducting cavity is in operation. It cooperates with other control loops to adjust the cavity frequency with high precision, reduce the reflection power, guarantee the stability of beam, and ensure the safety of the superconducting cavity. This paper focuses mainly on the tuning system working principle, the working state and problems that Beijing Electron Positron Collider (BEPC ) has encountered during operation.     

Design and simulation of the wire scanner for the injector linac of BEPCⅡ

BEPCⅡ, the upgrade project of Beijing Electron Positron Collider (BEPC), is an accelerator with large beam current and high luminosity, so an efficient and stable injector is required. Several beam diagnostic and monitoring instruments are used. A new diagnostic instrument — wire scanner, has been designed and will be used to measure the profile of the linac beam of BEPCⅡ. This paper describes the prototype of this system and the cause of heat generating of the wire. Some simulation results of the heat and force by using finite element method software—ANSYS^®,2) are presented and discussed.     

A vertical test system for China-ADS project injector Ⅱ superconducting cavities

To test superconducting cavities, a vertical test system has been designed and set up at the Institute of Modern Physics (IMP). The system design is based on VCO-PLL hardware and the NI Labview software. The test of the HWR010#2 superconducting cavity shows that the function of this test system is satisfactory for testing the low frequency cavity.     

Online measurement of the BEPC Ⅱ background using RadFET dosimeters

To monitor the integral dose deposited in the BESⅢ electromagnetic calorimeter whose perfor-mance degrades due to exposure to the BEPCⅡ background, a 400 nm IMPL RadFET dosimeter-based integral dose online monitor system is built. After calibration with the 60Co source and verification with TLD in the pulse radiation fields, an experiment was arranged to measure the BEPC Ⅱ background online. The results are presented.     

BEPCⅡ低温控制系统研制

北京正负电子对撞机重大改造工程(BEPCⅡ)首次应用低温超导技术建造低温系统. 低温控制系统通过控制前端低温系统的压力、液位、流量和功率等过程变量, 分别产生饱和液氦、两相氦和过冷的单相液氦, 使用这三种不同形式的氦流来冷却超导设备. 低温控制系统采用EPICS+PLC双层架构体系, 实现对前端低温超导设备的全自动控制. EPICS主要完成低温系统的过程控制、逻辑控制和PID闭环控制; PLC负责前端关键设备的联锁控制, 用于保护低温超导设备的安全.     

Beam energy measurement system at BEPCⅡ

The beam energy measurement system at BEPCII is composed of there parts： laser source and optics system, laser-electron interaction system and High Purity Germanium （HPGe） detector system. The special components and construction of each part are introduced, especially about radiation background measurement in the storage ring, which is of great importance for the safe commissioning of HPGe detector.     

BEPCⅡ的耦合补偿方案

根据工程设计的特点和难点，BEPCII储存环的耦合补偿采用了创新的设计思路. 探测器的螺线管磁场将得到对撞点两侧6块反螺线管的完全补偿，弧区内的斜四极磁铁将对全局耦合参数进行补偿与调节. BEPCII耦合补偿与耦合调节的方案以及方案的可行性评估将在本文中详细介绍.     

Error and jitter effect studies on the SLED for the BEPC Ⅱ-linac

An RF pulse compressor is a device used to convert a long RF pulse to a short one with a much higher peak RF magnitude. SLED can be regarded as the earliest RF pulse compressor to be used in large-scale linear accelerators. It has been widely studied around the world and applied in the BEPC and BEPC linac for many years. During routine operation, error and jitter effects will deteriorate the performance of SLED, either on the output electromagnetic wave amplitude or phase. The error effects mainly include the frequency drift induced by cooling water temperature variation and the frequency/Q 0 /β unbalances between the two energy storage cavities caused by mechanical fabrication or microwave tuning. The jitter effects refer to the PSK switching phase and time jitters. In this paper, we re-derive the generalized formulae for the conventional SLED used in the BEPC linac, and the error and jitter effects on SLED performance are also investigated.     

Error and jitter e ect studies on the SLED for the BEPCⅡ-linac

An RF pulse compressor is a device used to convert a long RF pulse to a short one with a much higher peak RF magnitude. SLED can be regarded as the earliest RF pulse compressor to be used in large-scale linear accelerators. It has been widely studied around the world and applied in the BEPC and BEPCⅡ linac for many years. During routine operation, error and jitter effects will deteriorate the performance of SLED, either on the output electromagnetic wave amplitude or phase. The error effects mainly include the frequency drift induced by cooling water temperature variation and the frequency/Q₀/β unbalances between the two energy storage cavities caused by mechanical fabrication or microwave tuning. The jitter effects refer to the PSK switching phase and time jitters. In this paper, we re-derive the generalized formulae for the conventional SLED used in the BEPCⅡ linac, and the error and jitter effects on SLED performance are also investigated.     

A fast luminosity monitor for BEPCⅡ

The fast luminosity monitor counting the γ photons above a given energy threshold emitted from radiative Bhabha scattering has been operated in the BEPC Ⅱ to measure the relative luminosity bunch by bunch for the first time and used successfully in beam tuning of BEPC Ⅱ. In the relative mode the monitor is able to deliver the relative luminosities with an accuracy of 0.8 %. By steering the electron beam while observing the counting rate changes of the monitor the horizontal and vertical sizes of the bunch spots can be estimated as： Sxe＋ =Sxe =0.356 mm, Sye＋ =Sye- =0.011 mm.     

BEPCⅡ直线注入器重大改进进展

BEPCⅡ是“工厂”型的高亮度正负电子对撞机.它要求其直线注入器提供高能(1.89GeV)和强流(40mAe+,30 0mAe- )的正负电子束以实现全能量注入和高注入速率(5 0mA/min .e+) ,并要求直线注入器出口正负电子束的发射度低(1.6πmm·mrade+,0.2πmm·mrade- )、能散小(±0.5 % )以满足储存环接受度的要求.因此,必须对现有BEPC的直线注入器作重大改进,包括新电子枪及其束流调整系统、新正电子源及其磁号装置、新微波功率源及其相位控制系统、新的束流轨道和光路调整系统等.这些新系统和装置大多已完成了设计、研制、测试和试组装等,将在今年的春夏安装于隧道,并期望在年底前获得正负电子束.     

BEPCⅡ第二阶段对撞模式调束圆满完成

2008年2月1日上午8：26,BEPCⅡ储存环实现530mA×530mA对撞,这是本轮调束实现的最高对撞流强,也为第二阶段对撞模式调束画上了圆满的句号。     

FMA在BEPCⅡ上的应用

介绍了基于AT的FMA方法在BEPCⅡ上首次较系统的应用. 将AT分析结果与MAD和SAD程序比较, 吻合较好. 考虑高频腔和辐射阻尼效应, 利用FMA分别对BEPCⅡ对撞模式和注入模式进行分析, 揭示了相应的单粒子动力学, 为进一步优化提供指导和依据. 结果显示纵向横向耦合共振可能会对粒子动力学产生较大影响.     

BEPCⅡ直线加速器发射度测量

BEPCⅡ直线加速器采用改变四极磁铁励磁电流, 测量获取的束流横截面荧光图像得到束流包络, 进而通过对束流包络和励磁电流的拟合计算得到束流发射度和Twiss参数. 在BEPCⅡ直线加速器的改进过程中, 发现并解决了影响发射度测量结果准确性的多个问题, 改进了束流横截面测量方法和发射度计算方法, 提高了测量结果的准确性. 根据BEPCⅡ直线加速器的具体情况, 还编写了束流截面测量程序和发射度计算程序, 提高了发射度的测量和计算速度, 方便了发射度测量实验的使用.     

BEPCⅡ磁铁电源控制系统

BEPCⅡ约有460台磁铁电源分布在储存环和输运线上. 绝大部分电源要求万分之一的控制精度和稳定度, 只有二极磁铁电源要求十万分之五的控制精度和稳定度. 所有电源均采用SNS电源控制器PSC/PSI进行控制. 在将PSC/PSI用于BEPCⅡ磁铁电源的控制之前, 搭建了PSC/PSI控制样机, 对电源工程样机进行了开关机、升降电流的控制, 并对PSI的DAC/ADC控制精度和稳定度进行测量, 结果证明其控制精度和稳定度均满足要求. 采用PSC/PSI的优点是控制硬件相同, 软件相同, 系统集成简单, 便于安装. 从而缩短控制系统研发周期, 节约人力资源. 介绍了BEPCⅡ储存环和输运线磁铁电源PSC/PSI控制系统体系结构和功能、电源控制软件的开发以及所取得的阶段性进展.