Shift Coefficients and Self-Pressure Broadening of H2 16O Lines in the Range 1950–2750 cm−1

Experimental values of the shift coefficient and self-pressure broadening by the own pressure have been determined for some spectral lines of water vapor in the range 1950–2750 cm^–1. A comparison with the calculated data obtained on the basis of the Robert–Bonamy method has been performed. A satisfactory agreement between the theory and experiment has been obtained.     

Rb(5PJ)与He,N2的碰撞精细结构混合和猝灭

在气体样品池条件下,研究了Rb(5PJ) (He,N2)碰撞能量转移过程.用调频半导体激光器激发Rb原子至Rb(5P3/2)态,在不同的He或N2气压下,测量了直接5P3/2→5S1/2荧光和转移5P1/2→5S1/2荧光.对于Rb(5PJ)与He的碰撞,只发生精细结构转移(略去碰撞猝灭效应),电子态能量仅能转移为He原子的平动能.在与N2的碰撞中,向分子振转态的转移是重要的.本实验中,Rb的密度为4.5×1011 cm-3,由辐射陷获理论得到5P1/2→5S1/2的有效辐射率为2.47×107 s-1.利用速率方程分析,可以得到碰撞转移速率系数,对于He,5P3/2→5S1/2转移速率系数kHe21=2.61×10 12 cm3·s.对于N2,测量5PJ He和5PJ N2两种情况下直接荧光与敏化荧光的相对强度比,利用最小二乘法确定5Pa/2→5S1/2转移速率系数kN212=2.36×10-11 cm3·s,5PJ态猝灭速率系数kN2=1.44×10-11 cm3·s-1.由实验结果证实了Cs-N2主要是直线式碰撞传能机制,与其他实验结果进行了比较.     

利用PC2D优化高方阻均匀发射极电池的栅线电极

利用新型二维PC2D软件研究高方阻均匀发射极太阳能电池的栅线电极对电池性能的影响,通过对细栅线的宽度和排布方式的优化,增大填充因子,找到常规电池的效率极限。结果表明,在不采用复杂电池结构的情况下,以现有大规模生产工艺条件为基础,细栅线优化后（正面细栅线109根,线宽为40 μm）,在常规电池中能实现19.09%以上的效率。     

On Realization of an Extremely Small Shift of MR Frequency in a Wide Range of Operating Temperatures in Rubidium Atomic Clock on 87 Rb Cell with Two Anti-Relaxation Components (Coating + Inert Gas, 40 Ar)

One of the most important problems in achieving daily frequency instability $$\sigma _{y} < 5 \cdot 10^{{ - 14}}$$ of on-board rubidium atomic clocks on absorption cell with working 87Rb atoms and mixture of buffer gases is realization of the TFS parameter — of temperature frequency shift $$\delta \nu \left( T \right)$$ at the level of $$\ \le 3 \cdot 10^{{ - 12}} /\, {^\circ } {\text{C}}.$$ The temperature dependence of the microwave “0–0” transition frequency $$\nu \left( T \right)$$ has an extremum with a small flat top ∆T ~ 0.5 °C to which the 87Rb-cell operating temperature is tuned. Significant difficulties arise in maintaining the high stability of this small ∆T zone under conditions of increased 87Rb cell operating temperature, $$T>70\, ^\circ{\rm C}$$, with an accuracy of < 0.005 °C for a day or more. To solve this problem, authors proposed a new type of 87Rb absorption cell with two dissimilar anti-relaxation (AR) components (wall coating + buffer gas, 40Ar) and created a special physical setup for optical spin pumping of 87Rb atoms at the microwave magnetic resonance frequency, $$\nu \sim \;6.834\,\;{\text{GHz}}$$, with a resolution $$0.01 \,\mathrm{H}\mathrm{z}$$. Investigations have shown TFS $$\sim 1.4 \cdot 10^{{ - 12}} /\;{{^\circ }} {\text{C}}$$ in significantly expanded (by an order of magnitude) zone, $$\Delta T$$ ≃ $$5 \left(\pm 1\right)\,\, ^\circ{\rm C} ,$$ in the operating temperature range of $$\left( {35 \div 41} \right)\;^{ \circ } {\text{C}},$$ which is ensured inside a satellite, for example. The simultaneous effect of AR-components causes the maximum mutual compensation of temperature frequency shifts in the extended ∆T zone. The experimental data show the possibility realizing daily frequency instability $$\sigma _{y} \sim 1 \cdot 10^{{ - 14}}$$ of the on-board atomic clock on 87Rb cell with two dissimilar AR-components (wall coating + inert gas, 40Ar).     

Two-Photon Transitions of ~(85)Rb 5D_(5/2) State by Using an Optical Frequency Comb and a Continuous-Wave Laser

A high-resolution two-photon spectrum of 5S_(1/2) → 5P_(3/2)→ 5D_(5/2) transitions in a thermal ~(85)Rb vapor cell is presented by using an optical frequency comb and a cw laser.The fluorescence of 6P_(3/2) → 5S_(1/2) spontaneous emission is detected when the cw laser frequency is scanned from the 5S_(1/2) ground state to 5P_(3/2) hyperfine levels and the optical frequency comb repetition rate is fixed.The hyperfine splittings(F_f = 2-5) of the 5D_(5/2) excited state are well resolved.The dependences of fluorescence intensities on the cw laser intensity and temperature of~(85)Rb vapor cell are studied,respectively.The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical analyses.     

$${{{v}}_{2}}$$ -Dependences of the Rotational Contributions to the Effective Dipole Moment of the H2O Molecule and Their Effect on the Broadening and Shift of Lines Induced by the Pressure of Buffer Gases

Optics and Spectroscopy - The dependences of the rotational contributions to the effective dipole moment of the H2O molecule on vibrational quantum number $${{{v}}_{2}}$$ , which corresponds to the...     

Enhancement of High-Order Harmonic Emission and Isolated 7-as Pulse Generation with Rydberg Atoms by Using a Two-Color Laser Field

An efficient method to enhance the harmonic efficiency and generate an isolated attosecond pulse is proposed by preparing the initial state as a coherent superposition of the ground state and a Rydberg state in a two-color laser field. By numerically solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation, we found that for the superposition state with the optimal Rydberg state, not only is the harmonic efficiency enhanced significantly, but also the width of the continuous spectrum is extended. The ionization probability and the time-frequency distribution of the harmonic spectrum are also calculated to understand the physical origin of the enhancement of the harmonic spectrum. In addition, by adjusting the parameter of the laser pulse, a supercontinuum with both higher conversion efficiency and slighter modulation can be observed. As a result, an isolated 7-as pulse with a bandwidth of 495 eV can be obtained after phase compensation.     

How to Determine the Amplitude-Phase Structure of a 2D Optical Field and a 2D Complex Transfer Function, with the Effect of the Medium Described by Convolution

We consider the solution to the phase problem in optics in application to registration and analysis of the amplitude–phase structure of twodimensional optical fields that form or transmit images, as well as the amplitude–phase structure of transfer and spread functions of media, in which light propagates, or those of systems that form fields or images. The idea of our method is to introduce two additional modulators that visualize phase information. We consider two variants of optical schemes designed for analyzing the amplitudephase characteristics of twodimensional optical fields as well as twodimensional complex transfer and spread functions. These schemes are special because the twodimensional structure of the fields is transmitted at a distance in a disturbing medium or system and four independent twodimensional intensity distributions are to be registered in the course of processing the twodimensional fields. To solve the problem, the first additional modulation preceding the transmitting medium is introduced in the scheme. Then the spectrum of spatial frequencies is formed by the optical system. The second additional spatial modulation is applied either in the optical system plane (the first variant of the scheme) or in the plane of spatial frequencies formed by the optical system (the second variant). A separate optical system is used for registration in the plane of spatial frequencies in the first variant of the scheme and in the image plane in the second variant. The intensity distributions obtained make it possible to solve the problem.     

Two Components of the Total Ionization Cross Sections of Atoms and Molecules by Electron Impact: Resonant Excitation and Decay of the Fermi Electron-Hole System and the Dipole Electron Transition from a Bound to a Free State at a Binary Collision

Large volume of the experimental data on the ionization cross sections of atoms and molecules by electron impact obtained by various authors using different methods is analyzed. The dependence of the ionization cross section Q on the energy of the incident electron E is described by a curve with a maximum. For E I, where I is the ionization potential, the cross section naturally vanishes. For E > I, it first increases fast, passes through a high maximum, and then monotonically decreases with increasing E. For comparatively large energies E > 100 I, the Bethe formula describes the experimental data almost exactly, but in the region of maximum I < E < 10 I, it deviates significantly from the measurement data. In the present paper it has been established that the experimental dependence Q(E) in the region of maximum is well described by a resonant curve similar to Lorentz distribution. It is assumed that the main contribution to the atomic ionization by a slow electron comes from the resonant excitation and the decay of the Fermi electron-hole system. An empirical formula for the cross section of atom ionization by electron impact Q(E) is suggested which takes into account resonance for incident electrons of small energies and is transformed into the Bethe formula for large E. The parameters of the formula for the ionization cross section are calculated by the least-squares method for H, He, Ne, Ar, C, N, O, Li, Na, H₂, N₂, O₂, K-shells of C, N, Ne, Ar, K, Ca, Rb, and Sr atoms and molecules. A comparison of the experimental dependences of the ionization cross section on the energy of the incident electron with the Bethe theoretical formula and empirical formulas suggested by Lotz, Alkhazov, Kim and Rudd, and Povyshev et al. demonstrates that the formula suggested in the present paper describes the available experimental data better than others.     

Formation of Al2O3 and AIN Nanopowders by Exposing Aluminum to a Series of Double Laser Pulses in Air

Journal of Applied Spectroscopy - The effects of the interpulse interval and the number of double laser pulses on the component and charge composition of the laser plasma formed intentionally by...     

1-亚硝基-2-萘酚为配合剂流动注射固相富集原子吸收光谱法测定铜和钴

本文研究了用１－亚硝基－２－萘酚为配合剂，Ｃ１８键合硅胶为固相富集材料，流动注射在线固相萃取预富集火焰原子吸收测定痕量和钴的方法。该方法自动化程度高，选择性强，方法的采样速度达９０ｈ＾－１时，铜和钴的订九分别达２０倍和１８倍，检出限分别达１．８μｇ／Ｌ和３μｇ／Ｌ。用这一方法来测定生物样品淡菜、钢样ＮＢＳ－３６４和ＮＢＳ－３６２等标准样品，结果与标准值相符。     

Magnitudes and Orientations of the N Chemical Shift Tensor of [1-N]-2′-Deoxyguanosine Determined on a Polycrystalline Sample by Two-Dimensional Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy

The magnitudes and orientations of the ¹⁵N chemical shift tensor of [1-¹⁵N]-2′-deoxyguanosine were determined from a polycrystalline sample using the two-dimensional PISEMA experiment. The magnitudes of the principal values of the ¹⁵N chemical shift tensor of the N1 nitrogen of [1-¹⁵N]-2′-deoxyguanosine were found to be ς₁₁ = 54 ppm, ς₂₂ = 148 ppm, and ς₃₃ = 201 ppm with respect to (¹⁵NH₄)₂SO₄ in aqueous solution. Comparisons of experimental and simulated two-dimensional powder pattern spectra show that ς_33N is approximately collinear with the N–H bond. The tensor orientation of ς_33N for N1 of [1-¹⁵N]-2′-deoxyguanosine is similar to the values obtained for the side chain residues of ¹⁵N_ε1-tryptophan and ¹⁵N_π-histidine even though the magnitudes differ significantly.     

Boosting the electrochemiluminescence of luminol by high-intensity focused ultrasound pretreatment combined with 1T/2H MoS2 catalysis to construct a sensitive sensing platform

In the luminol-O₂ ECL system, O₂ as an endogenous coreactant has the advantages of non-toxicity and stability. Improving the efficiency to generate radicals of O₂ is a challenge currently. In this work, a strategy combining physical method - ultrasound and nanomaterial with unique physicochemical properties was designed to enhance the ECL signal of luminol-O₂ system. Specifically, high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) pretreatment as a non-invasive method could generate ROS (H₂O₂, O₂^•−, OH•, ¹O₂) in situ, triggering and boosting the ECL signal of luminol. In addition, 1T/2H MoS₂ with excellent catalytic activity could catalyze the H₂O₂ produced in situ, accelerate the oxidation of luminol and further enhance the ECL response. At the same time, combined with the catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) reaction, the constructed ECL biosensing platform showed excellent performance for the detection of miRNA-155. The concentration range of 0.1 fM ∼ 1 nM with the detection limit as low as 0.057 fM were obtained. Furthermore, the ECL biosensor was also successfully applied to the determination of miRNA-155 in human serum samples. The established ECL sensing platform opens up a promising method for the detection of clinical biomarkers.     

Assignment of the 1H and 13C Spectra of 5-Methylthio-4H-1-(p-R1-phenyl)-3a-(p-R2-Phenyl)-3a, 4-dihydro (1,2,4) oxadiazolo(4,5-a), 1, 5-benzodiazepines Using 2D NMR Spectroscopy

The ¹H NMR spectra of the title benzodiazepines derivatives is highly congested because all the protons are in aromatic environment so many proton signals remain overlap even 300 MHz or higher fields. With this in mind, the assignment of the ¹H and ¹³C spectra of these compounds obtained using COSY, NOESY, HMQC and HMBC experiments is reported.     

Absolute nu(2) Line Intensities of HOCl by Simultaneous Measurements in the Infrared with a Tunable Diode Laser and Far-Infrared Region Using a Fourier Transform Spectrometer

We have measured absolute line intensities in the nu(2) fundamental band at 1238 cm(-1) of both isotopomers of hypochlorous acid, HOCl. To obtain the partial pressure of the species in the sample mixture, unavailable through direct measurement since HOCl exists only in equilibrium with H(2)O and Cl(2)O and may decay by secondary reactions, we relied on known absolute line intensities in the pure rotational far-infrared (FIR) spectrum determined from Stark effect measurements. We have thus recorded simultaneously the FIR pure rotation spectrum of HOCl using a Bruker IFS120HR interferometer and the spectrum of a few vibration-rotation lines in the infrared (IR) nu(2) band using a tunable diode laser spectrometer. The absolute intensities of these IR lines thus determined allowed us to "calibrate" the intensities of vibration-rotation lines in the whole nu(2) band, measured previously using Fourier transform spectroscopy. The treatment of the data took into account the blackbody emission contribution in the FIR and the evolution of the HOCl amount during the recording of the spectra. The latter was found to be almost constant over hours after conditioning of the cell. The square of the nu(2) band vibrational transition dipole moment was determined to be 0.013947(23) D(2) and 0.013870(51) D(2) for HO(35)Cl and HO(37)Cl, respectively, that is, 29 to 73% lower than previous measurements. A linear Herman-Wallis factor was also determined for both isotopomers. Finally, the line intensities were least-squares fitted using a model that takes into account a weak resonance between the (010) and (002) levels. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.     

Improvement of LIEF by wavelength-resolved acquisition of multiple images using a single CCD detector – Simultaneous 2D measurement of air/fuel ratio, temperature distribution of the liquid phase and qualitative distribution of the liquid phase with the Multi-2D technique

The exciplex tracer system fluorobenzene (FB) and diethyl-methyl-amine (DEMA) in a solution of n-hexane and methyl-tert.-butylether (MTBE) was used to investigate the mixture formation in a fired direct injection spark ignition engine. The scope of this paper is the recently developed Multi-2D technique, which allows for the simultaneous measurement of the local air/fuel ratio (λ-distribution of the vapor phase), the qualitative distribution of the liquid phase, the temperature distribution of the liquid phase, and the detection of Mie scattering in this application. Basically, the Multi-2D technique consists of a new optical setup, which images the same field of view four times onto one camera, thus combining spatial and spectral resolution based on interference filters. The liquid temperature is derived via “two-line” thermometry. Using the liquid phase temperature the crosstalk from the liquid into the spectral detection range of the vapor phase is corrected. Quantitative results of the crosstalk-corrected vapor phase signals are achieved by an in-situ calibration. PACS 42.62.Fi; 44.35.+c     

Broadening of the R(0) and P(2) lines in the CO fundamental by helium atoms from 300 K down to 12 K: Measurements and comparison with close-coupling calculations

We present measurements of He-broadening parameters for the R(0) and P(2) lines in the fundamental band of ¹³CO at different temperatures between 12 K and room temperature. The broadening parameters are determined, taking into account confinement narrowing, by simultaneous least-squares fitting of spectra recorded using a frequency stabilized diode laser spectrometer. The pressure broadening cross sections are deduced and compared to close-coupling calculations and earlier results obtained for rotational transitions of ¹²CO.     

Transient desorption of HD and D2 molecules from the D/Si(1 0 0) surfaces exposed to a modulated H-beam

We have studied the direct and indirect abstraction of D adatoms by H on the Si(1 0 0) surfaces by employing a pulsed H-beam. Desorptions of HD molecules is found to occur promptly as a result of direct abstraction at the beam on-cycles. In contrast, we find that D₂ desorption induced by adsorption of H atoms, i.e., the so-called adsorption-induced desorption (AID), occurs even at the beam off-cycles. The D₂ rate curves measured with the pulsed-H beam are decomposed into four components characterized with the reaction lifetimes of ?0.005, 0.06 ± 0.01, 0.8 ± 0.1, and 30 ± 5 s. We propose that the fastest and the second fastest AID channels are related to the thermodynamical instability of (1 × 1) dihydride domains locally formed on the (3 × 1) monodeuteride/dideuteride domains. The 0.8 s AID channel is attributed to the desorption occurring at the stage when (3 × 1) monodeuteride/dideuteride domains are built up upon H adsorption onto the (2 × 1) monohydride surface. The 30 s AID path is attributed to the thermal desorption accompanied by the shrinkage of the (3 × 1) domains which were excessively formed during the beam on-cycles on the (2 × 1) monohydride surface. Atomistic mechanisms are proposed for these three AID pathways.