Properties of near and far fields for the electric line source illumination of a lossless metamaterial covered conductor cylinder

This work concentrated on an ELS (electric line source) radiating parallel to a lossless metamaterial covered infinitely long conductor cylinder. First, the exact analytical solution of the electromagnetic model is derived. Second, the numerical results based on the solution are given. Under different geometric and electromagnetic parameters, the patterns of the near field are obtained; the directivity and normalized radiation resistance are presented to discuss the properties of the far field. Because of the negative refraction of the metamaterial, it can be seen that there is a distinct “focus” in the metamaterial layer from the near field pattern, which does not exist in conventional material layer. The presented electromagnetic model is compared with the former, simpler model through the directivity and its validity is proven. PACS 78.70.Gq; 81.05.Zx; 84.40.Ba     

Stability of a charged drop near a conductor wall

The effect of conductor boundaries on the deformation and stability of a charged drop is presented. The motivation for such a study is the occurrence of a charged conductor drop near a conductor wall in experiments (Millikan-like set-up in studies on Rayleigh break-up) and applications (such as electrospraying, ink-jet printing and ion mass spectroscopy). In the present work, analytical (linear stability analysis (LSA)) and numerical methods (boundary element method (BEM)) are used to understand the instability. Two kinds of boundaries are studied: a spherical, conducting, grounded enclosure (similar to a spherical capacitor) and a planar conducting wall. The LSA of a charged drop placed at the center of a spherical cavity shows that the Rayleigh critical charge (corresponding to the most unstable l = 2 Legendre mode) is reduced as the non-dimensional distance ?d = (b - a)/a decreases, where a and b are the radii of the drop and spherical cavity, respectively. The critical charge is independent of the assumptions of constant charge or constant potential conditions. The trans-critical bifurcation diagram, constructed using BEM, shows that the prolate shapes are subcritically unstable over a much wider range of charge as [Formula: see text] decreases. The study is then extended to the stability of a charged conductor drop near a flat conductor wall. Analytical theory for this case is difficult and the stability as well as the bifurcation diagram are constructed using BEM. Moreover, the induced charges in the conductor wall lead to attraction of the drop to the wall, thereby making it difficult to conduct a systematic analysis. The drop is therefore assumed to be held at its position by an external force such as the electric field. The case when the applied field is much smaller than the field due to inherent charge on the drop ((a(3)ρg)/(3ε(0)Ψ(2)) ? 1 is considered. The wall breaks the fore-aft symmetry in the problem, and equilibrium, predominantly prolate shapes corresponding to the legendre mode, l = 2 , are observed. The deformation increases with increasing charge on the drop. The breakup of the prolate equilibrium shapes is independent of the legendre modes of the initial perturbations. The prolate perturbations are subcritically unstable. Since the equilibrium prolate shapes cannot continuously exchange instability with equilibrium oblate shapes, an imperfect transcritical bifurcation is observed. A variety of highly deformed equilibrium oblate shapes are predicted by the BEM calculations.     

用双极坐标求解带电导体圆柱和无限大接地导体平板间的电势

利用双极坐标求解了带电导体圆柱和无限大接地导体平板间的电势分布,并对带电导体圆柱表面的电荷分布及无限大接地导体平板表面的电荷分布作了讨论.     

Electromagnetic scattering from a perfect electromagnetic conductor circular cylinder coated with a metamaterial having negative permittivity and/or permeability

Electromagnetic scattering of an incident uniform plane wave from a perfect electromagnetic conductor (PEMC) circular cylinder, coated with a metamaterial is investigated theoretically. In the analysis the coating layer may be double-positive (DPS), double-negative (DNG), epsilon-negative (ENG) or mu-negative (MNG). It is assumed that both PEMC cylinder and the coating layer are infinite along the cylinder axis. Both parallel and perpendicular polarization cases are considered for the analysis. Comparison between the monostatic and bistatic echo widths, of a PEMC cylinder coated with metamaterial and coated with ordinary dielectric material (DPS), is presented. The numerical results are compared with the published literature, and comparison is found to be in good agreement.     

Non-classical radiation emission by a coherent conductor

We report experimental evidence that the microwave electromagnetic field generated by a normal conductor, here a tunnel junction placed at ultra-low temperature, can be non-classical. By measuring the quadratures of the electromagnetic field at one or two frequencies in the GHz range, we demonstrate the existence of squeezing as well as entanglement in such radiation. In one experiment, we observe that the variance of one quadrature of the photo-assisted noise generated by the junction goes below its vacuum level. In the second experiment, we demonstrate the existence of correlations between the quadratures taken at two frequencies, which can be stronger than allowed by classical mechanics, proving that the radiation at those two frequencies are entangled.¹     

Acoustic radiation force on a rigid cylinder near rigid corner boundaries exerted by a Gaussian beam field

Acoustic manipulation is one of the well-known technologies of particle control and a top research in acoustic field. Calculation of acoustic radiation force on a particle nearby boundaries is one of the critical tasks, as it approximates realistic applications. Nevertheless, it is quite difficult to solve the problem by theoretical method when the boundary conditions are intricate. In this study, we present a finite element method numerical model for the acoustic radiation force exerting on a rigid cylindrical particle immersed in fluid near a rigid corner. The effects of the boundaries on acoustic radiation force of a rigid cylinder are analyzed with particular emphasis on the non-dimensional frequency and the distance from the center of cylinder to each boundary. The results reveal that these parameters play important roles in acoustic manipulation for particle-nearby complicated rigid boundaries. This study verifies the feasibility of numerical analysis on the issue of acoustic radiation force calculation close to complex boundaries, which may provide a new idea on analyzing the acoustic particle manipulation in confined space.     

线电流源激励下无耗异向介质层覆盖导体圆柱电磁特性的研究

研究了线电流源平行放置在无耗异向介质层覆盖的无限长导体圆柱附近模型的电磁特性.首先，给出了电磁模型描述，求出此电磁模型的精确解.其次，利用精确解进行数值计算，得到几何参数和电磁参数不同情况下电磁模型的近场图形，并通过方向性系数和归一化辐射阻抗研究其远场特性.利用异向介质的负折射特性，在异向介质层的近场图形内得到明显的“焦点”，这个焦点在普通介质层中是不存在的.该电磁模型同前人方法进行了比较，验证了本电磁模型的有效性. 关键词： 线电流源 异向介质 方向性系数 辐射阻抗     

Diffraction of monochromatic waves on a metallic cylinder with longitudinal slots

The projection matching method is applied to the calculation of a circular cylindrical slot line with one and two slots. The diffraction problem is studied at near-resonance frequencies.     

Elastic response of a cylinder containing longitudinal stiffeners

This paper develops a three-dimensional analytical model of a cylinder that contains a longitudinal stiffener. The model begins with the equations of motion for a fully elastic solid that produces displacement fields with unknown wave propagation coefficients. These are inserted into stress and displacement equations at the cylinder boundaries and at the location of the stiffener. Orthogonalization of these equations produces an infinite number of indexed algebraic equations that can be truncated and incorporated into a global matrix equation. Solving this equation yields the solution to the wave propagation coefficients and allows the system's displacements and stresses to be calculated. The model is verified by comparison of the results of a plane strain analysis example to a solution generated using finite element theory. A three-dimensional example problem is formulated and the displacement results are illustrated. The inclusion of multiple stiffeners is discussed.     

Sound radiation from a circular cylinder subjected to elastic collision by a sphere

Sound radiation from a steel cylinder impacted by a steel sphere from the longitudinal or the transverse direction is studied. In order to analyze the vibration of the cylinder, Hertz's theory is incorporated to obtain an approximate value of the contact force. The influence of the impact speed and the slenderness of the cylinder on the radiation of sound waves from the vibrating cylinder is analyzed. An experimental apparatus was constructed and vibrations of the cylinder as well as the acoustic pressure radiated were measured to demonstrate the analytical results. It is shown that, no matter whether dispersion in the wave propagation in the impacted cylinder is significant as in the case of a transverse impact, or not as in the case of a longitudinal impact, a decaying sound pulse is predominantly generated by the rigid motion of the cylinder provided that the product of the contact time T and the fundamental natural frequency of the cylinder ω₁i.e., ω₁T, is larger than 4π, while a periodic sound due to the free vibration of the cylinder is predominant provided that ω₁T is smaller than 4π.     

Diffraction radiation from an inhomogeneous dielectric film on the surface of a perfect conductor

Diffraction radiation generated by a charged particle moving uniformly parallel to the surface of a perfect conductor coated with a dielectric film is considered; the thickness of the film is an arbitrary function of coordinates. A particular case is considered when this function is periodic in one coordinate. The dependence of radiation on the profile of an individual irregularity of the periodic film is analyzed in detail for an arbitrary energy of the particle.     

Power extraction using flow-induced vibration of a circular cylinder placed near another fixed cylinder

We conducted an experiment in a towing tank to investigate the performance of an energy extraction system using the flow-induced vibration of a circular cylinder. This experiment tested three different cases involving the following arrangements of cylinder(s) of identical diameter: the upstream fixed–downstream movable arrangement (case F); the upstream movable–downstream fixed arrangement (case R); and a movable isolated cylinder (case I). In cases F and R, the separation distance (ratio of the distance between the centers of the two cylinders to their diameters) is fixed at 1.30. Measurement results show that while cases F and I generate vortex-induced vibration (VIV) resonance responses, case R yields wake-induced vibration (WIV) at reduced velocity over 9.0, which is significantly larger than that of the VIV response, leading to the induction of higher electronic power in a generator. Accordingly, primary energy conversion efficiency is higher in the case involving WIV.     

Vavilov-Cherenkov radiation from a model cascade developing near the lunar surface

The model problem of Vavilov-Cherenkov radiation emergence from lunar regolith into vacuum under LORD experimental conditions is considered. The boundary problem on radiation emergence into vacuum is solved numerically in the given field approximation (Kirchhoff approximation) from the cascade near the boundary (near-field region of the radiation source). The results are of great importance to interpret future experimental data.     

Enhanced coupling of subterahertz radiation with semiconductor periodic slot arrays

In this work, a theoretical study of the coupling of TM polarized subterahertz (THz) radiation with periodic semiconductor rectangular slot arrays was conducted, using InSb as an example. Simulation results showed that the structure with 4-12 microm thickness provides over a 20-30-fold increase in the electric field at slot edges in a nanosize region ( approximately 500 nm). The enhancement of the THz electromagnetic field extends across the slots and reaches peak values at the edges due to discontinuity effects. Because of the strong local electromagnetic field enhancement, the structure can potentially be used for the development of novel biophotonic sensors, leading to improved detection sensitivity.