退火铝合金中Portevin-Le Chatelier效应的数值模拟研究

通过综合考虑沉淀动力学和动态应变时效机理，建立了一套具有明确物理内涵的唯象本构模型.并在对不同加载应变率下的单轴拉伸实验的数值模拟中，得到了3种类型的Portevin-Le Chatelier效应应力曲线.计算结果与实验数据的较好吻合，验证了该模型的有效性. 关键词： Portevin-Le Chatelier效应 动态应变时效 数值模拟     

析出相在铝镁合金Portevin-Le Chatelier效应中的作用研究

本文研究了在相同退火热处理条件下,不同析出相含量的两种铝镁合金5456和5052在不同加载应变率下的P-LC效应. 结果表明析出相对两种材料的P-LC效应有明显影响,并且析出相含量的不同所产生的影响不同. 此外,析出相含量较少的5052合金的溶质原子的扩散方式是管扩散,而析出相含量较多的5456合金不再局限于管扩散的方式,而是更为复杂. 关键词： Portevin-Le Chatelier effect 动态应变时效 铝镁合金     

Numerical Simulation of the Elastic Shrinkage Induced by Portevin-Le Chatelier Effect

A new one-dimensional phenomenological model based on the dynamic strain aging mechanism is developed. In order to account for the elastic shrinkage induced by the Portevin-Le Chatelier effect, elastic deformation is considered under the boundary conditions of the present model. The simulated results are found to be in good agreement with the experimental observations.     

数字剪切散斑干涉法研究铝合金中Portevin-Le Chatelier带的离面变形行为

作为Portevin-Le Chatelier(PLC)带的重要特征之一,其离面变形仍缺乏实验研究.本文提出使用数字剪切散斑干涉法研究GB6061铝合金中PLC带的离面变形.通过图像相减得到的条纹图,实时观察了PLC带的几何形貌和传播过程,并获得了PLC带离面位移分布.在1/15 s内,PLC带的最大离面位移为245 nm,位置偏向于PLC带传播的前沿.在条纹图中,PLC带传播前沿的亮条纹始终较窄.此外,实验还观察到PLC带位置变更和倾角转向的演化过程.实验表明,数字剪切散斑干涉法具有高灵敏度和防震性,是研究PLC带离面变形简便有效的方法.     

基于数字图像相关法的Mg含量对Al合金Protein-Le Chatelier效应影响的实验研究

利用数字图像相关法研究了常温与恒定应变率(5.00×10~(-3)s~(-1))下Mg含量(质量分数)分别为2.30%,4.57%,6.10%及6.91%四种Al-Mg合金Portevin-Le Chatelier(PLC)效应的宏观变形行为.实验发现,Mg含量的增加导致强化效果的增强;低Mg含量(2.30%)合金中锯齿跌落幅值基本保持不变,而在高Mg含量(4.57%,6.10%,6.91%)合金中随应变增加而增加.锯齿跌落幅值随Mg含量增加而逐渐增大,在高Mg含量合金中趋于饱和.宏观局域变形带的观察结果表明PLC带宽不随Mg含量或者应变改变而变化,带内变形量随着Mg含量或者应变的增加而逐渐增大.此外,在低Mg含量合金的加载曲线后段(应变约为0.3时)观测到了特殊的周期性的衰减锯齿,相应的时域PLC带演化表明加载曲线的周期性转变大锯齿对应着空间上PLC带的转向,幅度逐渐减小的振荡对应着PLC带的传播,且在转向前后PLC带均向上连续传播.     

固溶处理对Al-Cu合金中Portevin-Le Chatelier效应空域行为的影响

研究了在定加载速率拉伸条件下，固溶处理对Al-Cu合金材料中PLC(Portevin-Le Chatelier)效应空域行为的影响.在较低拉伸速率时，变形初期PLC变形带在试件宽度方向中央附近某点处“成核”.随着变形的继续，出现多带共存的现象.且带宽较小，带与拉伸轴向的夹角较大.在较大拉伸速率条件下，PLC变形带先连续传播，再随机出现. 关键词： PLC效应 动态应变时效 固溶处理     

红外测温

 一、红外测温的理论基础我们知道,自然界的一切物体都不断地辐射着红外线,它是由物质内部分子或原子的能级发生跃迁时产生的电磁辐射。随着人们对光学研究的深入,建立了基本的辐射定律,为红外科学奠定了理论基础,红外测温成为应用的一个重要方面。红外测温是辐射式测温的一种,是利用物体的热辐射来测量物体温度的。红外辐射的基本定律是斯忒藩、玻尔兹曼、普朗克等人的黑体辐射定律。黑体是一种理想模型,它能吸收全部入射的辐射而没有反射,是计算热辐射理论最简单的情况。辐射定律就是根据黑体研究出来的。     

红外测温新技术

通过介绍红外辐射的一般性质和红外测温新技术说明黑体辐射定律的具体应用     

空间目标红外双波段成像测温

作为空间目标与地基望远镜红外成像终端间不确知参量之一的地球热辐射,会降低传统双波段比色测温法正向求解准确度.为了提高目标温度估计的准确度,建立了基于红外探测器测量电子数的评价函数,得到了求解最大似然函数的温度反向求解模型;推导了双波段比色测温法的温度正向求解模型,进行了两种测温方法的仿真实验与比较分析.结果表明:目标温度反演准确度与成像探测器信噪比、地球热辐射估算准确度以及波段之间的发射率差异有着紧密的关系;当信噪比较低时,双波段比色测温法会陷入无解区域;当信噪比较高时,双波段比色测温法与最大似然函数法反演温度准确度相当;最大似然函数法采用有约束与有限内存的拟牛顿优化算法可有效避免目标函数陷入局部最小值;最大似然函数法具有很强的抗噪音干扰能力,能扩大目标温度求解的范围,并具有较高的准确度;在保证信噪比的情况下,增加成像波段数目可以提高温度反演准确度.     

Investigation of Portevin-Le Chatelier effect in 5456 Al-based alloy using digital image correlation

A variety of experimental methods have been proposed for Portevin-Le Chatelier (PLC) effect. They mainly focused on the in-plane deformation. In order to achieve the high-accuracy measurement, three-dimensional digital image correlation (3D-DIC) was employed in this work to investigate the PLC effect in 5456 Al-based alloy. The temporal and spatial evolutions of deformation in the full field of specimen surface were observed. The large deformation of localized necking was determined experimentally. The distributions of out-of-plane displacement over the loading procedure were also obtained. Furthermore, a comparison of measurement accuracy between two-dimensional digital image correlation (2D-DIC) and 3D-DIC was also performed. Due to the theoretical restriction, the measurement accuracy of 2D-DIC decreases with the increase of deformation. A maximum discrepancy of about 20% with 3D-DIC was observed in this work. Therefore, 3D-DIC is actually more essential for the high-accuracy investigation of PLC effect.     

Influence of solute cloud and precipitates on spatiotemporal characteristics of Portevin-Le Chatelier effect in A2024 aluminum alloys

In this paper, solute concentration and precipitate content in A2024 aluminum alloy are adjusted by solution treatment (ST) at different temperatures and tensile experiments on these treated specimens are carried out. It is found that the temperature of solution treatment (ST temperature) has a remarkable influence on the amplitude of the serrated flow and the propagation characteristics of shear bands. These results are due to the effects of solute atoms and precipitates on dynamic strain aging (DSA). When ST temperature is higher than 300~℃, solute concentration is relatively high and solute cloud is a key factor of DSA. When ST temperature is lower than 300~℃, precipitate content is relatively high and the mechanism of DSA is determined by precipitates.     

空间目标红外双波段比色测温法精度分析

针对空间目标与地基望远镜红外成像传感器终端之间的不确知参量将降低双波段比色测温法求解精度,且精度影响程度未知,假设目标为灰体,对包含不确知参量的最大似然估计函数关于发射率求偏导,建立基于红外探测器测量电子数的双波段比色测温数学模型,并进行双波段比色测温法的蒙特卡洛仿真实验与精度分析。对于大气透过率的估算,提出应用红外自然星体的大气透过率现场标校方法。空间目标温度反演精度与成像探测器的信噪比、大气透过率、地球热辐射以及波段之间的发射率差异等未知参量的估算精度有关。结果表明:信噪比高于20,波段之间发射率差异小于0.03,地球热辐射预测精度优于50%,大气透过率预测精度优于10%时,比色测温法优于40 K的温度估计精度。     

Al-Mg合金中锯齿形屈服现象的热分析

研究了在室温、定加载应变率拉伸的情况下Al-Mg合金中的锯齿形屈服现象.伴随着锯齿形屈服现象的发生,试件表面温度场会发生变化.而红外相机能以较高的时间、空间分辨率记录下随时间变化的试件表面温度场图像.通过分析这些热图像,探讨了A,B两种类型带的传播规律,得到了局域变形带的带宽、倾角、传播速度等特征参数.在此基础上,引入热传导方程,求得了带内的应变率.实验和计算都发现B类型带产生时试件表面带外区域存在弹性收缩现象,由此提出以是否存在带外收缩变形作为划分A,B类型带的新标准.     

Scaling behavior of the Portevin-Le Chatelier effect in an Al-2.5%Mg alloy

The scaling behavior of the Portevin-Le Chatelier (PLC) effect was studied by deforming an Al-2.5%Mg alloy for a wide range of strain rates. To reveal the exact scaling nature, the time series data of true stress versus time, obtained during deformation, were analyzed by two complementary methods: the finite variance scaling method and the diffusion entropy analysis. From these analyses we could establish that, in the entire span of strain rates, the PLC effect showed the Levy-walk property.