金属硫化物纳米吸附剂

近年来纳米材料受到越来越多的关注,由于其纳米尺寸效应,纳米材料在环境修复、医药、生物工程等各个领域都有广泛的应用。纳米材料具有大的比表面积、高表面结合能等优异特性,这使其在重金属吸附领域的应用受到极大的关注。金属硫化物纳米材料属于其中一类,其作为吸附剂具有吸附速度快、吸附容量高、吸附产物稳定等优良特性,对水体和土壤基质中的重金属离子、放射性元素和有机物等表现出良好的吸附性能,具有潜在的研究和应用价值。本文综述了国内外几类金属硫化物纳米材料在吸附领域的研究进展,包括Zn S、铁硫化物、Mo S2、Cu S和其他金属硫化物及其相关复合材料,并对其未来的发展方向进行了展望。     

四氧化三铁基纳米材料制备及对放射性元素和重金属离子的去除

四氧化三铁(Fe_3O_4)纳米材料因比表面积大、功能基团多、活性强、便于磁性分离等优点,在吸附和分离放射性元素及重金属离子方面显示出了广阔的应用前景。然而,该材料也存在着易团聚、分散性差、化学稳定性差等局限性,这些缺点可通过表面功能化修饰得到大大改善。本文概括了四氧化三铁基纳米复合材料合成方法的特性、优越性和局限性,综述了水体放射性元素及重金属离子污染去除研究中的磁性纳米材料的类型,归纳总结并比较了功能性磁性纳米材料对不同种类的放射性元素及重金属离子的去除能力及优缺点,探讨了四氧化三铁基纳米材料在放射性元素和重金属离子污染去除中的应用并对其机理进行了分析,对功能化磁性纳米材料在去除放射性元素及重金属离子污染水体治理中的应用前景进行了展望。     

碳纳米多孔宏观体在水体净化中的应用

碳纳米多孔宏观体是指由碳纳米材料自组装形成的宏观多孔材料。该材料保持了碳纳米材料大的比表面积及化学、热稳定性,对水体中的污染物,如油污、染料分子及重金属离子等具有良好的吸附性能。此外,该类材料具有宏观结构及稳定的机械性能,方便操作,且易实现所吸附物的回收及吸附材料的再生。因此,碳纳米多孔宏观体成为碳纳米材料研究和应用的热点。本文梳理了碳纳米多孔宏观体的制备及其在水处理中的应用,包括碳纳米多孔宏观体的制备、污染物吸附及材料再生等。首先对碳纳米多孔宏观体用于水体净化的背景进行了介绍,之后,按照组成单元不同,将碳纳米多孔宏观体按照碳纳米管多孔宏观体,石墨烯多孔宏观体,碳纳米纤维多孔宏观体及碳纳米粒子多孔宏观体进行了分类。第三部分,详细介绍了制备碳纳米多孔宏观体的三种常见方法并分别讨论了各种方法的优缺点及所制备产物的性质。第四部分,按照不同污染物种类讲述了碳纳米多孔宏观体在水体净化中的应用。最后,针对碳纳米多孔宏观体在水体吸附应用中存在的问题进行了分析及展望。     

纳米材料修饰电极在重金属离子检测中的应用

本文介绍了近年来纳米材料修饰电极在重金属离子检测中的研究现状,分析了这些修饰电极的特点,重点阐述了纳米材料在重金属离子检测中的重要作用,列举了一些纳米材料修饰电极在重金属离子检测中的应用,最后对纳米材料修饰电极用于重金属离子的检测研究进行了简要评述和展望。     

磁性纳米材料在样品前处理中的应用进展

磁性纳米材料作为一种新型功能复合材料,因其具有吸附能力强、表面可修饰、易分离和良好的生物相容性等特点,已广泛应用于生物传感器、药物传导和医学成像方面。由于磁性纳米材料分离速度快且吸附性能好,因此在分析化学样品前处理中的应用也日益受到人们的关注。本文简略介绍了磁性纳米材料的特性、分类及制备方法,综述了磁性纳米材料在分离和富集生物大分子、有机物和无机物中的应用,并展望了磁性纳米材料的应用前景。     

铁基纳米材料功能化及对水中汞离子的去除

在水体重金属污染中,汞污染问题日益严峻,已成为全球性环境问题之一。近年来,纳米FeS_x、Fe₃O₄、Fe等铁基材料凭借优越的吸附性能以及比表面积优势,受到研究者的广泛关注。对铁基纳米材料进行稳定化、官能团改性之后可以增强纳米粒子的分散度,为汞离子提供更多的吸附点位,进一步加强对水中汞离子的去除效果。本文重点阐述了纳米FeS_x的稳定化、Fe₃O₄等铁基材料的巯基化（-SH）、氨基化（-NH₂）等功能化改性方法及对Hg的去除;总结了功能化铁基纳米材料对水中Hg的去除效果和影响因素;探究了功能化铁基纳米材料去除水中汞的机理;最后展望了铁基功能化纳米材料处理水体汞离子的发展方向。     

磁性纳米材料在样品前处理中的应用进展与展望

在样品前处理技术中,吸附剂材料起关键作用。随着纳米材料的发展,越来越多的纳米材料被用作吸附剂以提高对目标物的萃取效率。磁性纳米材料因其具有易于分离、表面可修饰、吸附能力强和良好的生物相容性等优异性能,已广泛应用于分析方法的样品前处理技术中。该文通过对磁性纳米材料在磁性固相萃取和在其他样品前处理技术中的研究与应用展开总结和论述,对磁性纳米材料的稳定性、作用力、比表面积及孔径调控的制备进行了阐述,展望了磁性纳米材料在分离科学中的应用前景,为进一步研究磁性纳米材料的应用提供了参考。     

纳米材料在食品有害污染物检测中的应用进展

随着人们对食品中重金属、农药残留、兽药残留以及包装材料中迁移物等有害污染物的关注,开发对这些有害污染物的快速、灵敏、经济的检测方法得到重视。纳米材料凭借其独特的物理、化学性质在科学领域得到越来越泛的应用,将纳米材料引入食品检测领域成为分析化学的一个研究热点。该文介绍了纳米材料的基本特性,分析了食品中有害污染物的种类、来源及其危害性,并对纳米材料在食品中有害污染物检测中的应用进行了介绍和论述。     

离子印迹介孔材料制备及其吸附重金属的应用

离子印迹介孔材料具有吸附容量高、吸附选择性和骨架稳定等特点,在吸附分离领域有着广泛的应用前景。本文总结了目前离子印迹介孔材料的制备方法,阐述了分步合成法及一步合成法的各自特点;着重介绍了该材料在对重金属吸附和分离领域的研究与应用情况;简要说明了离子印迹介孔材料对重金属离子的吸附机理;并提出了离子印迹介孔材料在制备与应用中存在的问题。     

纳米修复剂钝化重金属机理研究进展

重金属污染问题是当前环境治理过程中的重点和难点,纳米材料因其比表面积大、表面易功能化、环境友好等性能,被广泛应用于重金属污染的土壤和水体的修复.本文综述了纳米零价金属、纳米非金属单质、纳米金属氧化物、纳米非金属氧化物、纳米金属硫化物、纳米金属氧酸盐,纳米高分子材料等纳米材料对重金属的修复效果和机理,展望了纳米材料在重金...     

Interaction of radionuclides with natural and manmade materials using XAFS technique

The X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) technology has exhibited a very unique application in the study of sorption mechanism, chemical species and microstructures of radionuclides at the natural solid-water interfaces. In this review, the interaction mechanism of radionuclides with clay minerals and nanomaterials under different environmental conditions are summarized from the XAFS spectroscopy analysis. The coordination number and the bond distances of radionuclides, the oxidation-reduction reactions, the influence of humic substances and microorganisms on the species and structures of radionuclides at molecule level are reviewed and compared. This review is helpful to understand the interactions of radionuclides with oxides, natural clay minerals and nanomaterials, which is also crucial to evaluate the physicochemical behaviors of radionuclides in the natural environment.     

Stable isotope labeling of nanomaterials for biosafety evaluation and drug development

Quantitative information, such as environmental migration, absorption, biodistribution, biotransformation, and elimination, is fundamental and essential for the nanosafety evaluations of nanomaterials. Due to the complexity of biological and environmental systems, it is challenging to develop quantitative approaches and tools that could characterize intrinsic behaviors of nanomaterials in the organisms. The isotopic tracers are ideal candidates to tune the physical properties of nanomaterials while preserving their chemical properties. In this review article, we summarized the stable isotope labeling methods of nanomaterials for evaluating their environmental and biological effects. The skeleton labeling protocols of carbon nanomaterials and metal/metal oxide nanoparticles were introduced. The advantages and disadvantages of stable isotope labeling were discussed in comparison with other quantitative methods for nanomaterials. The quantitative information of nanomaterials in environmental and biological systems was summarized along with the biosafety data. The benefits for drug development of nanomedicine were analyzed based on the targeting effects, persistent accumulation, and safety. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives of stable isotope labeling in nanoscience and nanotechnology were discussed.     

Nanomaterials in Electrochemical Sensing Area: Applications and Challenges in Food Analysis

Recently, nanomaterials have received increasing attention due to their unique physical and chemical properties, which make them of considerable interest for applications in many fields, such as biotechnology, optics, electronics, and catalysis. The development of nanomaterials has proven fundamental for the development of smart electrochemical sensors to be used in different application fields such, as biomedical, environmental, and food analysis. In fact, they showed high performances in terms of sensitivity and selectivity. In this report, we present a survey of the application of different nanomaterials and nanocomposites with tailored morphological properties as sensing platforms for food analysis. Particular attention has been devoted to the sensors developed with nanomaterials such as carbon-based nanomaterials, metallic nanomaterials, and related nanocomposites. Finally, several examples of sensors for the detection of some analytes present in food and beverages, such as some hydroxycinnamic acids (caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, and rosmarinic acid), caffeine (CAF), ascorbic acid (AA), and nitrite are reported and evidenced.     

Nanosorbents as Materials for Extraction Processes of Environmental Contaminants and Others

The aim of this work focuses on the application of nanomaterials (NMs) in different sorptive extraction techniques for the analysis of organic contaminants from environmental samples of distinct matrix compositions. Without any doubt, the integration of specific NMs such as carbonaceous nanomaterials, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), silica nanoparticles, and ion-imprinted NPs with solid-phase extraction techniques counting d-SPE, solid-phase microextraction (SPME), and stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) impact on the improvements in analytical performance. The application of NMs as sorbents in the extraction of organic pollutants in environmental samples allows for providing better sensitivity, repeatability, reproducibility, and reusability.     

Electroanalytical methods based on bimetallic nanomaterials for determination of pesticides: Past,present, and future

The excessive use of pesticides in agricultural or non-agricultural fields causes the emergence of environmental and human health problems. Therefore, there is a need to develop simple, fast, sensitive, selective, and low-cost methods for analyzing pesticides from different matrices. Although many analysis methods have been developed to determine pesticides, nanomaterial-based electroanalytical methods offer numerous advantages such as rapid and low cost of analysis, low sample volume requirement, field deployability, and miniaturization to improve the performance of the developed methods. Among different nanomaterials, bimetallic nanomaterials such as gold, platinum, palladium, nickel, and iron-based nanomaterials in combination with other metals have been extensively used as electrode modification agents due to their electrocatalytic characteristics and the synergistic effect of two metals. In this review, firstly, the basic information of pesticides and bimetallic nanomaterials was summarized. Properties, synthesize, and architectures of bimetallic nanomaterials and their nanocomposites were explained in detail. Current applications and utilization of bimetallic nanomaterials for pesticides detection were reviewed by selected studies with working range, the limit of detection, sensitivity, analytical application, and some experimental conditions. In conclusion, the current challenges and future trends for analyzing pesticides based on electroanalytical methods combined with bimetallic nanomaterials were highlighted.     

Progress of Visual Biosensor Based on Gold Nanoparticles

Visual detection method is a means of quantitative analysis by the naked eye through the comparison of color intensity or type of change. Owing to its simplicity, low-cost, rapid operation, and equipment-free, visual detection was widely used in the detection of numerous targets. Gold nanomaterials were widely used in the construction of visual biosensors due to its unique optical properties when compared to other nanomaterials. The local surface plasmon resonance absorption peak would change with the variety in the distance or the morphology. Herein, this paper reviewed the application of gold nanomaterials in the construction of visual biosensors for the detection of target molecules. Meanwhile, we pointed out the main problems of gold nanoparticles based colorimetric methods in the determination of actual samples. The forecast of gold nanoparticles based biosensor was also provided at the end of this article.     

Trends in the sample preparation and analysis of nanomaterials as environmental contaminants

Much research on the use of nanomaterials in different applications is being conducted in areas such as water treatment, catalysis, oil processing, medicine, food, sensors, energy storage, building materials, constructions, and others. Nanoparticles are ultra-small particles with exceptional properties, but some nanoparticles and nanomaterials may exhibit harmful properties when leaked into the environment. Due to the lack of analytical methods for the detection and analysis of nanoparticles in complex matrices, not much is known about the potential risks associated with nanomaterials. Therefore, more knowledge is needed of the sampling and analysis of nanomaterials (NMs) as environmental contaminants. This review is undertaken to identify and assess key characteristics in potential sampling and analysis methods for identifying and quantifying the occurrence of NMs in numerous types of environmental media. To select suitable sampling and analysis methods, information on NM sources and transformation in environmental media is essential and thus is also discussed. This provides more information about the negative impacts of NMs on the environment. Challenges and future perspectives on the determination of NMs are also discussed.     

二维层状离子型纳米材料在化妆品领域的应用进展

二维层状离子型纳米材料具有独特的结构和界面性能,使其在透皮吸收、防晒、活性物的靶向传递、构建稳定的纳米微胶囊等功效中显示出极大的优势,在化妆品行业中具有良好的市场前景。 该类化合物根据层板电荷不同可分为阳离子型粘土材料和阴离子型水滑石类材料。 基于近年来国内外对二者的研究报道和实验研究成果,本文综述了二维离子型纳米材料的特点、性能及其在化妆品领域的应用历史和发展现状,并进一步展望了该类材料在化妆品领域中的应用前景。     

基于碳纳米材料的毛细管电色谱固定相研究进展

碳纳米材料由于其具有独特的纳米结构、大的比表面积、较强的热稳定性、良好的导电性以及较好的吸附性能等物理化学性质,因而在分析科学、生命科学、材料科学及环境科学等领域得广泛的应用.结合国内外最新文献,对近5年来碳纳米材料在毛细管电色谱新型固定相的制备研究方面进展进行了评述,包括毛细管电色谱的分类及分离机理、毛细管电色谱柱的制备方法和优缺点,碳纳米材料(石墨烯、碳纳米管、氧化石墨烯、还原氧化石墨烯、富勒烯)的结构性质及制备方法、碳纳米材料在毛细管电色谱柱固定相中的应用及作用机理等,并对其在色谱应用领域的方向进行了展望.     

基于金纳米粒子的光学生物传感方法研究进展

光学生物传感是以产生各种光学信号为检测基础的一种微量分析技术,具有操作简便、检测成本低、抗干扰能力强及可实现原位检测等优点,在临床诊断、药物分析、环境监测等领域显示出广阔的应用前景.作为纳米材料重要成员之一的金纳米粒子(AuNPs),因其独特的光学性质被广泛用于光学生物传感方法的构建.该文综述了近年来基于金纳米粒子的光...